• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.54-61
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• 2012

신선편이식품 생산업체의 가공환경에 대한 관리수준 평가 결과, 공통적으로 작업 중에 배수구 및 바닥의 오염과 출입구 손잡이와 같이 작업자의 손이 닿는 곳의 오염도가 심한 것으로 조사되었다. 이는 재료로 전이될 가능성이 높으므로 재료에 손이 직접 닿지 않도록 하는 등 이에 대한 관리가 필요할 것으로 사료되었다. 낙하균의 조사 결과, 전체적으로 오염 정도는 크지 않으나, 원료 전처리 작업실에서는 원료 표면에 있는 흙이나 미생물이 작업과정에서 공기 중으로 퍼져 검출되는 경우도 있고 세척작업실에서 검출된 낙하균의 경우 공정 중의 제품을 오염시킬 가능성이 있으므로 작업장 내 공기 유입 시 필터를 사용하거나, 천장 등 작업시설의 청소 작업을 통해 낙하균을 감소시키거나 검출되지 않도록 하는 등 이에 대한 관리가 필요할 것으로 판단되었다. 가공공정 및 설비에 대한 관리수준 평가에서는 전반적으로 모든 미생물 군에서 도마 작업 후 증가율이 높았으나 대부분 청소 후에 완전히 제거되었다. 다만, 일반세균의 경우 작업 전에 모든 대상에서 검출됨에 따라 제품이 오염되지 않도록 이에 대한 처리방안이 필요한 것으로 판단되었다. 또한, 설비를 대상으로 미생물오염 정도를 조사한 결과, 청소 후에 대부분의 미생물이 제거되었으나 뜰망에서는 일반세균과 곰팡이 및 효모가 일부 검출되어 이에 대한 위생조치가 필요한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.605-610
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• 2007

구아바 잎을 이용한 가공제품개발의 기초자료를 마련하고자 구아바 잎을 발효, 증숙 및 볶음 처리하여 품질특성을 살펴보았다. 그 결과 총 페놀성 화합물 함량의 경우 볶음 처리한 것이 높게 나타났으며, tyrosinase 저해활성 및 전자공여능은 증숙 처리한 것이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 전반적인 기호도에 있어서는 발효 및 증숙 처리한 것이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 한편 데침 및 증숙 처리 시간에 따른 품질특성을 살펴본 결과, 총 페놀성 화합물 함량, tyrosinase 저해활성 및 전자공여능은 처리시간이 길어질수록 전반적으로 감소하는 경향이었으며, 증숙 처리한 것이 데침 처리한 것에 비해 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 데침 및 증숙 처리된 구아바 잎의 관능검사 결과, 통계적으로 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 구아바 잎의 떫은맛으로 인해 전반적으로 관능평점이 낮게 나타났다. 따라서 구아바 잎을 사용한 가공제품 개발에서는 떫은맛을 감소시킬 수 있는 방안의 연구가 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.179-190
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• 2021

The high caffeine intake by adolescents has been a concern. The purpose of this study was to examine the awareness and consumption of caffeine-containing foods among 443 high school students using a questionnaire. An analysis of the spending patterns of the students' weekly allowance showed that the amounts spent on purchasing caffeine-containing foods were higher for female students than male students (P <0.001). The scoring of the perception of caffeine was 3.1 out of 5, interest in the caffeine content of food was 2.6, consumption of caffeine-containing foods was 2.6, and usefulness of caffeine-containing foods was 2.7. The awareness of caffeine content in food was significantly higher in females (7.3 out of 11) than male students (6.7) (P<0.01). Approximately 59% of students perceived that the relationship between caffeine-containing foods and health, was harmful, and the experience of side effects after taking caffeine was significantly higher in female students than males. These side effects include heartburn (P<0.001), headache or dizziness (P<0.001), irregular heartbeat (P<0.05), and hands and feet shake (P<0.01). Caffeine-containing foods were purchased at convenience stores (62.1%). The factor considered when purchasing caffeine-containing foods was taste (72.2%), and the use of nutrition labeling for caffeine-containing foods scored 2.0 out of 5 points. When assessing the intake of caffeine-containing foods, the foods consumed more than once a week were in the order of coke, chocolate, chocolate milk, chocolate pie, and chocolate bars. These results suggest that it is necessary to prepare a caffeine-related nutrition guide improvement by sales management, and strengthen food labeling standards for the desirable recognition of caffeine and its safe intake by adolescents.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.305-317
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• 1999

An attempt was made to provide valuable information to improve service quality and customer satisfaction for in-flight catering service. The customers' demographic characteristics that impact on service quality and customer satisfaction were examined for a group of customer. 474 customers who have been used the airplane within 1 year were participated in this study. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS software program (version 6.01) for descriptive analysis, factor analysis, t-test and ANOVA. The results of the study can be summarized as follows: 1. Service Quality in In-flight catering was assessed on the basis of 18 service quality attributes and 5 dimensions derived from a factor analysis. After comparing customers' perception to customers' expectation regarding in-flight service quality, the quality of dimensions for 'meals', and 'sanitation' were not showed any significant differences. However, the expectation for dimensions of 'diversity of menu', 'providing information', and 'the degree of concern to the customers' were rated significantly higher than the perception for those. 2. Among the demographic variables, age and gender had highly influences on the customers' expectation and perception regarding service quality and customer satisfaction. 3. The korean food that the customers wanted to have for in-flight meals was investigated. Among the kinds of gruel(jook), abalone gruel(jeonbok-jook), pumpkin gruel(hobak-jook), and pine-nut gruel(jat-jook) were chosen to have for in-flight korean meals. It was rated that the preferences for beef soup(sogogikook), hot spicy beef soup(youkgaejang), brown sea-weed soup(miyoukkook) were higher than others in soup group. The preferences for boiled rice with assorted mixture(bibimbab) showed the highest and beef and rice soup(seoleongtang), boiled rice with four the staple cereals(ogogbab) were preferred higher than the others in main dish group. Bulgogi was rated the most popular dish. Korean style punch with omiza(whachae), sweet rice dish(yaksik) and fried glutinous rice cake(gangjeong)showed high preferences in dissert.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.647-655
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• 2014

Obesity is strongly associated with several metabolic and chronic diseases and has become a major public health problem of worldwide concern. This study aimed to investigate the physiological characteristics and anti-obesity effects of Lactobacillus plantarum Q180. Lactobacillus plantarum Q180 was isolated from the faces of healthy adults and found to have a lipase inhibitory activity of $83.61{\pm}2.32%$ and inhibited adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells ($14.63{\pm}1.37%$) at a concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$. The strain was investigated for its physiological characteristics. The optimum growth temperature of L. plantarum Q180 was $37^{\circ}C$. Lactobacillus plantarum Q180 showed higher sensitivity to novobiocin in a comparison of fifteen different antibiotics and showed the highest resistance to rifampicin, polymyxin B and vancomycin. The strain showed higher ${\beta}$-galactosidase and N-acetyl-${\beta}$-glucosaminidase activities. It also did not produce carcinogenic enzymes such as ${\beta}$-glucuronidase. The survival rate of L. plantarum Q180 in MRS broth containing 0.3% bile was 97.8%. Moreover, the strain showed a 97.2% survival rate after incubation for 3 h in pH 2.0. Lactobacillus plantarum Q180 was displayed resistance to Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus with rates of 55.6%, 38.0% and 47.6%, respectively. These results demonstrate that L. plantarum Q180 has potential as a probiotic with anti-obesity effects.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1916-1924
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• 2019

Outbreaks of staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) causing serious human diseases and economic losses have been reported globally. Furthermore, the spread of Staphylococcus aureus with increased resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents has become a major concern in the food industries and medicine. Here, we isolated an endolysin LysSAP8, as one of the peptidoglycan hydrolases, derived from the bacteriophage SAP8 infecting S. aureus. This endolysin was tagged with a 6×His at the C-terminal of the target protein and purified using affinity chromatography. LysSAP8 demonstrated lytic activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria, which included a majority of the staphylococcal strains tested in this study as well as the methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA); however, no such activity was observed against other gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria. Additionally, LysSAP8 could maintain bactericidal activity until 0.1 nM working concentration and after heat treatment at 37℃ for 30 min. The ability of LysSAP8 to lyse cells under varying conditions of temperature (4-43℃), pH (3-9), and NaCl concentrations (0-1,000 mM), and divalent metal ions (Ca²⁺, Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, Mg²⁺, Mn²⁺, Hg²⁺, and Zn²⁺) was examined. At the optimized condition, LysSAP8 could disrupt approximately 3.46 log CFU/ml of the planktonic cells in their exponential phase of growth within 30 min. In this study, we have suggested that LysSAP8 could be a potent alternative as a biocontrol agent that can be used to combat MRSA.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.666-672
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 버섯류의 중금속 함량 실태조사를 통해 우리나라 국민이 식품으로써 버섯을 섭취할 경우 중금속 노출수준에 따른 위해성을 평가하였다. 버섯류의 중금속 함량 실태조사를 위해 국내 유통 중인 버섯류 17개 품목, 536건을 수거하였으며 버섯류 중 납 함량을 조사한 결과, 생물버섯은 평균 0.005(큰 느타리)-0.026(송이) mg/kg이었고 건조버섯은 평균 0.014(느타리)-16.411(석이) mg/kg이었다. 카드뮴 함량은 생물버섯의 경우 평균 0.002(팽이)-0.205(노루궁뎅이) mg/kg이었고 건조버섯은 평균 0.021(동충하초)-2.650(신령) mg/kg이었다. 따라서, 국내 유통 중인 버섯류의 중금속 함량은 타 문헌과 유사하거나 낮은 수준이었다. 노출 및 위해성 평가를 위해 버섯별 섭취를 통한 중금속 노출량을 산출한 후, Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives(JECFA)에서 설정한 PTWI 또는 PTMI값 대비 위해도를 평가하였다. 버섯 섭취로 인한 전체국민의 평균 납 노출량은 $0.053{\mu}g/day$으로 PTWI 대비 0.03% 수준이었으며, 카드뮴 평균 노출량은 $0.168{\mu}g/day$으로 PTMI 대비 0.37% 수준이었다. 따라서, 국내 유통되는 버섯을 식품으로써 섭취할 경우 전체국민의 중금속 평균노출수준은 JECFA의 인체노출안전기준보다 낮은 위해도를 보임으로써, 우리나라 국민은 버섯에 존재하는 중금속의 위해성으로부터 안전한 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.150-161
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• 2001

The current socioeconomic climate has meant more children spend more time alone at home even for dining. This study was performed to characterize modem Korean childrens´food ecology based on mealtime atmosphere. A total of 705 elementary school students, 347 girls and 358 boys took part in the study. They were chosen evenly from the Seoul metropolitan areas, provincial cities, or rural areas, and were asked to fill out a questionnaire. The questionnaire was categorized to determine various factors related to food ecology, life styles, and health related symptoms. The average age of the study subjects was 11.5 years. The average height, weight, body mass index, and Rohrer index were 143.2cm, 37.6kg, 18.2 and 127.2 respectively. A significant number of children(39.2%) answered their bed time was between 11 and 12 pm. Only 28.3% answered that the whole family has breakfast together, and 47.7% have dinner together. A considerable number of children, 17.8% for breakfast and 6.9% for dinner, answered they eat alone. Most of the children answered they like to have dinner with the whole family. Half of the children answered they do not feel hungry before having breakfast. Proportions of children for their favorite meal time were 66.8%, and 25.4% and 7.8% for dinner, school lunch, and breakfast respectively. The largest proportions of children, 53.3% and 68.7%, have breakfast and dinner at home. Most of the children(75.2%) never purchase their dinner. Forty two% of the children answered they like school lunch, however, 60% of children answered they leave portions of lunch uneaten occasionally or always. Only 38.0% and 46.2% of the children have nutritionally adequate diet for breakfast and dinner. Children having more meals with the whole family possessed a more positive attitude towards breakfast compared to the children who eat with the whole family less frequently. In conclusion, Korea children are exposed to different health threatening food ecology problems related to changing environments, and consistent concern and support from community nutritionists are required.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.299-305
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• 2015

An HPLC analytical method was validated for the quantitative determination of biogenic amines in agricultural products. Four agricultural foods, including apple juice, Juk, corn oil and peanut butter, were selected as food matrices based on their water and fat contents (i.e., non-fatty liquid, non-fatty solid, fatty liquid and fatty solid, respectively). The precision, accuracy, recovery, limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were determined to test the validity of an HPLC procedure for the determination of biogenic amines, including tryptamine, ${\beta}$-phenylethylamine, putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, tyramine, spermidine and spermine, in each matrix. The LODs and LOQs for the biogenic amines were within the range of 0.01~0.10 mg/kg and 0.02~0.31 mg/kg, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of intraday for biogenic amine concentrations ranged from 1.86 to 5.95%, whereas the RSD of interday ranged from 2.08 to 5.96%. Of the matrices spiked with biogenic amines, corn oil with tyramine and Juk with putrescine exhibited the least accuracy of 84.85% and recovery rate of 89.63%, respectively, at the lowest concentration (10 mg/kg). Therefore, the validation results fulfilled AOAC criteria and recommendations. Subsequently, the method was applied to the analysis of biogenic amines in fermented agricultural products for a total dietary survey in Korea. Although the results revealed that Korean traditional soy sauce and Doenjang contained relatively high levels of histamine, the amounts are of no concern if these fermented agricultural products serve as condiments.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.235-240
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 분유 중 아플라톡신 $M_1$을 면역친화성칼럼을 이용하여 정제하고 HPLC로 분리하였으며 형광검출기로 정량 분석하는 시험법을 확립하였다. 이 시험법을 이용하여 439건의 시료에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 아플라톡신 $M_1$의 검출농도는 평균 2.6 ng/kg(불검출-14.9 ng/kg)로 나타났으며, 검출률은 64%로 조사되었다. 본 연구의 오염도자료를 이용한 분유 중 아플라톡신 $M_1$의 노출량 및 위해 수준은 연령별로 비교했을 때 신생아에게서 가장 높게 나타났으나 초과간암발생률은 1년에 백만명 중 0.02명 정도로서 위해수준은 매우 낮은 것으로 평가 되었다.