• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 2020

The objective of this study was to develop a fast and accurate method of variety discrimination and geographical discrimination origin of Korean angelica (Korean variety, Angelica gigas Nakai) by using TDU-GC/MS. Two peaks of decursin and decursinol, which are coumarin derivatives were identified in the range of Total Ion Chromatogram (TIC) RT 26.9-27.2 of the Korean angelica by GC/MS analysis at the time of condensation in a refrigerated condensation system after thermal desorption of sample extracts. In case of Chinese angelica (Chinese variety), ligustilide peak was detected at the RT 17.2. In order to investigate the difference of volatile components according to the geographical origin of Korean variety, the mass spectra were measured by TDU-GC/MS at the range of m/z 40-400 amu. The TIC of domestic cultivation and Chinese cultivation of the Korean variety, Angelica gigas Nakai showed the same tendency as a whole. However, in partial scans of TIC, two peaks detected at 15.54 and 16.05 of RT showed different peak patterns between Korean angelica (Korean variety) cultivated in Korea and in China. The ratio of Peak A (RT 15.54) and B (RT 16.05) was 0.0-0.2 for domestic cultivation and 0.5-2.8 for Chinese cultivation, confirming the possibility of discriminating origin by comparing the TIC peak pattern of TDU-GC/MS.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.155-163
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the factors related to smoking and smoking differences among adolescents who have experienced smoking using data from the 11th (2015) Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. The data used in this study were from 5,347 middle and high school students who had cigarette smoking and electronic cigarette smoking experience among 68,043 respondents to the 11th (2015) Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. The data were evaluated by frequency analysis, the ${\chi}^2$ test and logistic regression analysis using weighted composite sample analysis. Overall 20% of the total smoking adolescents were dual users and 85.6% of the users of electronic cigarettes used nicotine. The results from multinomial regressions show that: male students (OR 1.63; 95% CI 1.15-2.31), living in the metropolitan area (OR 1.76; 95% CI 1.32-2.33), an average consumption of fast food of once or twice a day (OR 2.48; 95% CI 1.33-4.64), first started smoking during high school (OR 0.76; 95% CI 0.58-0.98), having experience with passive smoking (OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.07-1.44), experience drinking alcohol (OR 2.03; 95% CI 1.65-2.48) and those with higher weekly allowances were more likely to be at risk than dual users. This study provides basic data regarding the dual use of electronic cigarettes and cigarettes by adolescents. The results presented herein will facilitate development of a smoking cessation program and policy.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1209-1216
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of water-soluble sulfated ${\beta}$-glucan (SBG) obtained from Ganoderma lucidum mycelia on the antihyperlipidemic and serum lipid levels in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Five-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet for two weeks to induce obesity. They were ten divided into five groups-normal control diet group (NC), high-fat control diet group (HC), high-fat diet and 200 mg/kg of SBG group (HC-HSBG), high-fat diet and 20 mg/kg of SBG group (HC-LSBG), and high-fat diet and 20 mg/kg of lovastatin group (HC-Lov)-and fed one of five diets for two more weeks. Although food intake and final body weight after four weeks of SBG consumption were similar in the five experimental groups, food efficiency ratio was higher in the high-fat diet groups(2, 3, 4, and 5) than in the NC group. In evaluating the hematological parameters of the rats, the neutrophil and monocyte ratios were higher in the HC-HSBG, HC-LSBG, and HC-Lov groups than in the HC group. Serum lipid profiles were analyzed after a 12 hr fast at the end of the study. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were significantly lower in the HC-HSBG and HC-LSBG groups than in the HC group. These results suggest that chemically engineered sulfated mushroom ${\beta}$-glucan (SBG) might contribute to lower cholesterol and lipid levels in blood.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.414-427
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• 2008

The purpose of the study was to develop an eating habit checklist for screening elementary school children at high risk of energy overintake. Dietary habits, food intake, anthropometric data were collected from 142 children (80 boys and 62 girls) in the 4th to 6th grades of elementary schools. Energy intake, fat intake, and percentage of Estimated Energy Requirement (%EER) were used as indices to detect the risk of energy overintake of the children. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between dietary habit scores and energy overintake indices in order to select questions included in the checklist. TV watching during the meal, meal speed, meal amount, overintake frequency, eatingout frequency, snack frequency, frequency of eating Ramyun or fast foods showed significant correlations with energy overintake indices. Stepwise regression analysis was performed to give each item a different weight by prediction strength. To determine the cut-off point of the test score, sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values were calculated. The 7-item checklist with test results from 0 to 13 points was developed, and those with equal or higher than 5 points were diagnosed as a risk group of energy overintake. Among our subjects 13.4% was diagnosed as the risk group. Mean energy intake of the subjects in the risk group and the normal group were 2,650 kcal and 1,640 kcal, respectively. However, there were no significant differences of Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) of the other nutrients except eating fiber between the risk group and the normal group. This checklist will provide a useful screening tool to identify children at high risk of energy overintake.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.570-579
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• 2011

This study created hamburger patties by substituting a portion of the meat with sea tangle (Laminaria japonica) powder and/or cooked rice to reduce fat and calories and to add the functional components of the sea tangle. Four types of experimental patties were prepared: Control, L, LI, and LII. L was the patty with sea tangle powder substituted for 2.5% of the meat and LI and LII were patties with cooked rice containing sea tangle powder substituted for 25 or 50% of the meat. In all experimental patties, moisture content increased and crude fat and cholesterol content decreased, pH increased, and malondialdehyde concentration decreased compared to those in the control. The substitutions made the color of the patties darker with dimmed redness and amplified yellowness. The substitutions also made the cooking loss weight and diameter of the patties lessen but that of thickness increased. In the sensory evaluation, symmetry and color of the patties improved significantly by substituting sea tangle powder and/or cooked rice for meat, and no adverse effect on preference for the experimental patties and hamburgers was observed. Therefore, substituting sea tangle and/or cooked rice for a portion of the meat could be used to develop healthier patties without any adverse influence on preference or sensory evaluation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.714-729
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• 2023

Purpose: Since the coronavirus pandemic, the number of obese people has increased, and accelerated aging has been reported, particularly among young population. Therefore, this study analyzed the dietary habits of university students according to their risk of obesity to provide data for improving their eating habits. Methods: Ninety students at Daegu Catholic University were surveyed for their eating habits and photo-enhanced meal intake. The obesity risk was categorized as normal if the body mass index (BMI) and percent body fat (PBF) were normal, at-risk if both indicated overweight or obese, obesity in BMI alone were analyzed as BMI group and those with obesity in percent body fat alone were analyzed as PBF group. Results: There were 23 (25.5%) in the normal group, 10 (11.1%) in the BMI group, 24 (26.7%) in the PBF group and 33 (36.7%) in the at-risk group. The dietary survey showed that the risk groups had lower consumption frequencies of vegetables (p < 0.05) than the normal group, had less sleep time (p < 0.05) and higher frequency of fast food consumption (p < 0.001). The intake of vegetables was significantly higher in the normal group than in the risk group (p < 0.05). In terms of the daily nutrient intake, there was no significant difference in energy intake according to the obesity risk, but the intakes of dietary fiber (p < 0.01), vitamin A (p < 0.01), vitamin C (p < 0.01) were higher in the normal group than in the risk groups. Conclusion: Therefore, it is important to consider the BMI and percent body fat together to diagnose obesity and provide nutrition education and counseling.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.868-873
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• 2004

Renal dysfunction could be developed as the secondary disease of liver cirrhosis. Delayed or suppresed lipid peroxidation by the treatment with physiological active substances could be explained as the antioxidative and protective effect in tissue damage. In this study, we investigated an antioxidative effect and renal function improvement of Hovenia dulcis in liver fibrosis(cirrhosis) induced rats. The female Sprague-Dawley rats (180∼210 g) were divided into 3 groups (Normal, AC: CCl₄ mixture treated group, AC-HV: CCl₄ mixture+ Hovenia dulcis treated group) and renal damage was developed by CCl₄ mixture administration in 4 weeks (0.8 ㎖/rat). The tissue of kidney and liver and sera were used for quantitative measurement of enzyme activity, MDA and Hyp. The histological change and gene expression of collagen α1(III) mRNA and a1(IV) mRNA were observed by Masson's trichrome staining and RT-PCR. As a result, the clinical biochemical parameters of liver function (AST and ALT) in sera of AC-HV group showed significantly 46.4% and 104.8% lower (p<0.005), and the level of ALP and BUN as the parameter of protein urine and azotemia showed 17.8 % and 25.8 % lower than in AC group. In AC-HV group, the concentration of MDA in kidney and liver was decreased significantly 15.8% and 21.3% when compared with AC group (p<0.01 -0.005). The content of Hyp in kidney of AC-HV group is merely higher than in AC group, in contrast to liver tissue. The expression of collagen α1(III) mRNA and collagen α1(IV) mRNA was decreased in AC, but both of collagen mRNA in normal and AC-HV group expressed fast similar. More massive lipid droplets, thicker collagen fiber bundles in portal triads and more formation of portal central septum were observed in the liver of AC group than in AC-HV group. In conclusion, CCl₄ mixture intoxication could be developed not only liver fibrosis(cirrhosis) but also renal dysfunction by the massive lipid peroxidation and suppression of interstitial collagen and basement membrane collagen synthesis. And the water extract of Hovenia dulcis may be possessed the antioxidative and protective effect and improvement of kidney function in renal dysfunction induced rats.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.167-179
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• 2009

This study aims at examining perception of body weight control and lifestyles and food habits of under-weight, normal-weight and over-weight female college students. The data analysis were conducted by a body fat analyzer and questionnaires. The subjects were 368 female college students divided into three groups: the under-weight(UW), the normal-weight(NW), and the over-weight(OW), according to the guidelines of the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity(2000). Among the subjects, 18.2% were under-weight, 63.6% normal-weight, and 18.2% over-weight. Mean of body weights were 45.4kg, 53.3kg, and 63.7kg, and BMIs were $17.5kg/m^2$, $20.5kg/m^2$ and $24.6kg/m^2$ in the UW, NW, and OW groups, respectively. 'Self assessment of body weight' was significant at the level of p<0.001 according to the Obesity Index. Of the UW group, 41.8% considered their weight to be normal and 4.5% believed they are over-weight. In the NW group, 43.2% thought they are over-weight, 1.5% believed they are under-weight. 57.1 % of the UW group and 98.6% of the NW group had ever tried to reduce their weight. Their 'exercise frequency and exercise time' were not significant by the 01. 'Regularity in the daily life' of the subjects was significant at the level of p<0.05. 43.3 % of the OW group answered that they don't live regular daily lives. 'Sleeping time' of the subjects was significant at the level of p<0.05 by the 01. 41.8% of the OW group reported that they sleep 'between 7 and 8 hours a day' which was the highest rate among the three groups. 'Frequency of meals per day' was not significant by the OI. 'The speed of eating meals' was significant at p<0.01, 23.9% of the UW group, 31.2% of NW group, and 38.8% of OW group reported that they have meals 'in a very fast speed'. Concludingly, most of female college students conceive themselves as having inappropriate body image, which means that they need to be given additional education about nutrition and diet.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.70-70
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• 2017

This study was conducted to characterize the amylose and protein contents of 4,948 rice landrace germplasm using the NIRS model developed in the previous study. The amylose contents estimated by NIRS in the standard rice were Sinseonchal (6.881%) 4.994%, Chucheong (19.731%) 18.633%, Goami (23.246%) 20.548%. Protein contents were Sinseonchal (6.890%) 6.824%, Chucheong (6.350%) 6.869%, Goami (6.777%) 7.839%. The NIRS analysis showed that 1.1-2.7%point lower in amylose and 0.4-0.6%point higher in protein than standard contents. The average amylose content of the germplasm was 20.39% with a range of 3.97-37.13%. The average protein content was 8.17% with a range of 5.20-17.45%. Amylose contents with a range of 20.06-27.02% represented 62.20% of the germplasm. Protein contents with a range of 6.78-9.75% represented 81.60% of the germplasm. Korean landrace comprised 24.9% among the 4,948 germplasm collected from 41 countries. A specific range of amylose contents showed in Korea 16.58-20.06%, in Japan 20.06-23.25%, in North Korea 23.25-27.02% and in China 27.02-37.13%. Protein contents exhibited 5.20-17.45% evenly in the whole landraces, whereas Chinese landrace particularly observed with 6.78-8.27% and 9.75-17.45%. Fifty resources were selected with low and high amylose ranging from 3.97-6.66% to 30.41-37.13% respectively. Similarly fifty resources were selected with low and high protein ranging from 5.20-6.09% to 13.21-17.45% respectively. Landraces with higher protein should be adapted to practical utilization of food sources.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.440-448
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of perceived stress on dietary habits and oral health behaviors in Korean adolescents. Data were from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS) in 2011. A total of 74,186 adolescents were surveyed using the self-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression analyses were performed to elucidate the effects of perceived stress on dietary habits and oral health behaviors. Statistical analyses were conducted, and p<0.05 were considered significant. We found that adolescents with higher stress were more likely to increase the risk of adverse dietary habits (low consumption of fruits, vegetables and milk, high consumption of carbonated soft drinks, fast food and cookie) compared to those with lower stress. Regarding the relationship between perceived stress and oral health behaviors, adolescents with higher stress were less likely to practice oral health behaviors such as brushing teeth after snack consumption and brushing teeth before sleep compared to those with lower stress. This result indicates that adolescents' perceived stress might play a significant role in the negative dietary habits and oral health behavior.