• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.68-77
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• 2009

국민들에게 올바른 영양정보를 제공하여 외식시 균형잡힌 영양섭취와 올바른 메뉴선택을 위한 영양표시제의 방안과 패스트푸드업체에서 실시할 영양표시제에 관한 소비자 인식과 필요성 그리고 건강한 식생활에 미칠 영향을 분석하기 위해 설문조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 영양표시에 대한 소비자의 인식을 기존에 영양표시 제가 실시되고 있는 가공식품과 향후 패스트푸드업체에서 실시할 영양표시제에 대한 인식을 조사한 결과, 현재 가공식품을 구입하는데 있어서 영양표시의 중요성을 높게 인식하고 있는 반면 패스트푸드업체에서 실시할 영양표시제에 대한 인식은 매우 낮은 것으로 분석되었다. 그러나 패스트푸드업체에서 실시할 영양표시제의 도입 필요성은 인지하는 있었으며 이는 메뉴선정에 도움을 주고 건강한 식생활에 영향을 줄 것으로 인식하고 있었다. 또한 영양성분표시를 실시한 외식업체에 대한 재방문의사도 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 둘째, 패스트푸드업체의 메뉴에 대한 영양성분의 표시기준은 100 g(또는 100 mL)의 단위기준보다 1인 제공량으로 표시되기를 바라고 있었으며, 패스트푸드업체가 표기해야할 영양성분으로는 성인병과 체중증가와 관련있는 열량과 지방 그리고 콜레스테롤함량이 우선적으로 표기되기를 바라는 것으로 분석되었다. 그리고 메뉴에서 우선적으로 표기되어야 하는 항목으로는 열량, 1인분량, 지방함량인 것으로 분석되었다. 셋째, 패스트푸드업체에서 영양성분을 표시할 장소는 소비자가 주문을 하기 전 쉽게 확인하고 참고할 수 있는 매장내 포스단말기와 계산대 위에 설치된 메뉴보드로서, 이는 패스트푸드업체의 셀프서비스 주문방식을 반영된 결과로 분석되었다. 넷째, 패스트푸드업체에서 실시할 영양표시제의 필요성에서는 여자가 남자보다 더 많은 필요성을 인식하고 있었으며, 주부와 초등학생들이 비교적 낮은 필요성을 보이고 있어 주부와 초등학생을 대상으로 하는 영양표시제에 관한교육프로그램의 필요성이 제기되었다. 또한 학력에 있어서는 고학력자일수록 그리고 월소득이 높을수록 영양표시제에 대한 필요성을 높게 인식하고 있었다. 이는 영양교육을 통한 식생활의 중요성을 인지할 기회가 많았고 생활의 여유 속에서 끼니를 떼우기 위한 식사가 아닌 선택을 통한 식사를 즐기는 고소득자들에게는 영양표시제의 실시가 더욱더 필요하게 되었음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 7번 이상의 다이어트 경험자들도 영양표시제에 대한 필요성을 인식하고 있었는데 이는 체중감량을 위한 칼로리 제한을 외식을 하면서도 가능하게 하기 위함이라고 사료된다. 다섯번째, 패스트푸드업체에서 실시될 영양표시제가 건강한 식생활에 미치는 영향에 대해 남자보다는 여자가 더 많은 영향을 줄 것이라고 생각하고 있었으며 연령에서는 10대 20대 30대가 더 많은 영향을 줄 것이라고 생각하고 있었고 전문대학졸업자와 대학원졸업자가 비교적 많은 영향을 미칠 것이라고 분석되었다. 이는 외모에 관심이 많은 여성과 젊은층 그리고 식생활에 대한 교육기회가 많았던 조사대상자들이 영양표시제가 건강한 식생활에 영향을 미칠 것이라고 인식하고 있었기 때문이라고 사료된다. 그러나 가족의 식생활을 담당하는 주부들의 영양표시제에 대한 인식은 매우 낮아 주부들을 대상으로 한 건강한 식생활 교육 프로그램을 실시해야 할 필요성이 제기되었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품저장유통학회 2003년도 제23차 추계총회 및 국제학술심포지움
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• pp.135.2-135
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• 2003

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II by cleaving C-terminal dipeptide of angiotensin I and inactivates bradykinin. ACE inhibitors have been screened from various food sources since the inhibitors decrease blood pressure. Therefore, in this study, an ACE inhibitor was isolated and purified from squid ink using membrane filtration, gel permeation chromatography, normal phase HPLC, and fast protein liquid chromatography. The purified inhibitor was identified to be a molecular mass of 294 by mass spectrometry, and to have IC$\sub$50/ value of 4.9 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.184-189
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• 1996

냉이(Capsella bursa-pastoris)로부터 산소독성에 영향을 미치는 superoxide anion radical에 대하여 소거작용을 하는 물질을 분리하고 이 물질의 이화학적 성질을 검토하였다. 냉이를 에탄올로 추출한 후 용매분획과 각종 column chromatographies (Amberlite XAD-2, Sephadex LH-20, Bio gel P-2, ODS)를 통해 정제하였고, 최종적으로 FPLC (Fast protein liquid chromatography)를 사용하여 활성의 단일물질을 얻었다. 냉이 에탄올추출물 100 g으로부터 0.25 g의 정제물질을 얻었으며, superoxide anion radical을 50% 소거하는 농도$(IC_{50})$는 $0.58\;{\mu}g$이었다. 이 물질에 대해 각종 이화학적 성질을 검토한 결과 phenol성 화합물의 배당체로 추정하였다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.115-118
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• 2006

가공식품과 화장품 산업에 사용되는 식용색소의 감마선 조사로 인한 이화학적 특성 변화를 연구할 목적으로 기계적 색도 변화를 측정하였다. 적색 2호(Amaranth), 녹색 3호(Fast Green PE), 청색 2호(Indigo Carmine)용액을 0.01 및 $0.10\%$의 농도로 준비하였으며, 0.25, 0.5, 1 및 3 kGy로 조사를 실시하여 기계적 색도 (L, a, b, ${\Delta}E$)를 측정하였다. 감마선 조사는 $0.01\%$농도 시료의 색소에 영향을 미쳤으며, 전반적인 색차$({\Delta}E)$에서도 변화를 나타내었다. 적색 2호와 청색 2호의 명도(L)는 조사선량에 의해 증가되었으며, 적색도(a)는 증가되었다. 녹색 3호의 경우에는 감마선 조사에 의해 적색도(a)와 황색도(b)가 모두 증가되었다. 이에 반해 $0.10\%$ 농도의 식용색소에서는 유의적인 변화를 일으키지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.172-185
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the information concerning dietary patterns and analysis of the various factors that influence obesity. The subjects of this study were 1,020 middle and high school students in Seoul. Subjects were classified into under weight, normal weight and over weight group by body mass index. We investigated eating habits, life habits, food behavior and food consumption. Data were collected by questionnair and analysed with the SAS program. The results of this study way are summarized and concluded as fellows; In the case of dietary pattern, over weight group showed significantly higher in skipping a meal than the other group. Also over weight group tend to eat fast. There were significant differences of food intake frequency score by body mass index. From the results of factor analysis of variable related to obesity, 4 factors were generated and the factors were named 'Food behavior related to obesity', 'Snack consumption pattern', 'Life habit', 'Family environment related to food habit'. These factors were associated with obesity. To maintain nutritional balance and health, we should implement to ensure good dietary patterns.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.226-242
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• 2012

Consumption of foods with high energy and low nutrient values has been linked to various health issues including obesity and chronic diseases. This study investigated the high-energy/low-nutrient food consumption status and its relationship with obesity status and intake of energy and nutrients, using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) and the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS). The prevalence of overweight and obesity among 2-18 year-olds was 8.4% and 10.8% in 2008 and 8.5% and 9.0% in 2009, respectively, in KNHANES. The prevalence of obesity among 12-18 year-olds was 13.9% in 2008 and 11.4% in 2009 in KNHANES, while it was 8.1% in 2008 and 8.2% in 2009 in KYRBWS. Consumption patterns of high-energy/low-nutrient foods were diverse depending on the particular food type. High-energy/low-nutrient foods such as cookies were most often consumed more frequently (2~3 times per week), but fast food type foods were generally consumed less frequently (once per week or less). No significant relationships between highenergy/ low-nutrient food consumption and level of energy and nutrient intakes were found in either datasets. Adolescents who were not obese more frequently consumed ramen (p < 0.001), cookies (p < 0.001) and fast food (p < 0.001) than those who were obese in KYRBWS, however, such relationships were not found in KNHANES. This direction of the relationship could be probably attributed to the cross-sectional nature of the datasets. This study was limited by the cross-sectional nature of the data, therefore, further longitudinal research using various study techniques would be necessary to understand the effects of high-energy/low-nutrient foods on child obesity.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.274-283
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to examine dietary life characteristics such as knowledge, self-efficacy and dietary behavior of preschoolers in Namyangju, Kyunggi-province, Korea. Methods: The survey questionnaire was developed based on literature review. Preschoolers aged 4-5 years (n=208) responded to the questionnaire to measure knowledge, self-efficacy, food preference, and dietary behavior. After excluding incomplete responses, the data of 197 subjects were used for analysis. Results: Mean score of dietary life knowledge was 8.0 out of 12, showing a low level of knowledge. Two out of 12 knowledge items were significantly different by gender. Percentage of correct answer on items of 'foods to make bones strong' and 'kinds of fast foods' was higher in girls than in boys (p<0.05). Total score of self-efficacy regarding dietary life was 40.1 (possible score: 12~48), on average. Compared to girls, boys had more confidence in 'not over-eating', and 'eating balanced meals with meat, fish and vegetables' (p<0.05). Boys scored higher on total score of food preference than girls (p<0.01). The preference for fruits was quite high. Among food items, boys scored higher on the preference for rice (p<0.01), fish (p<0.01), pork (p<0.05), beef (p<0.05), milk (p<0.01), and ice cream (p<0.05) than girls. Boys also liked fast foods more than girls did, showing preference for chicken (p<0.01) and soda (p<0.05). Compared to girls, boys showed more desirable behavior in 'eating breakfast everyday' (p<0.01). Dietary behavior was significantly correlated with self-efficacy (r=0.52, p<0.01), food preference (r=0.35, p<0.01), and knowledge (r=0.25, p<0.01) of subjects. Conclusions: In this study, we observed differences in food preference by gender. Dietary behavior of preschoolers was correlated with several factors, including dietary life related knowledge, self-efficacy and food preference. Thus, it is needed to develop nutrition education programs focusing on increasing dietary life related knowledge and self-efficacy, and consider the differences in food preference of preschoolers by gender.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.165-176
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of socio-demographic factors on food consumption frequencies among adolescents in Korea. Data were obtained from the Seventh Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (2011 KYRBS), a nationwide representative sample of 75,643 (37,873 males and 37,770 females) middle and high school students. It was carried out as a self-administered on-line survey. The frequency of eating breakfast was 4.8 times per week for middle school students and 4.6 times per week for high school students (p < 0.001). Higher levels of perceived household economic status, family affluence scale (FAS) and education attainment of mother were associated with more frequent breakfast eating. The frequencies of consumption of vegetables and milk were higher in males than in females (p < 0.001). The frequency of consumption fruits was higher in females than in males (p < 0.01). Higher levels of perceived household economic status, FAS and education attainment of mother were associated with more frequent consumption of vegetable, fruits and milk. The frequencies of consumption of soda, fast food and instant noodls were higher in males than in females (p < 0.001). The frequency of consumption of snacks was higher in females than in males. Adolescents with lower levels of FAS and education attainment of mother were at risk for skipping breakfast and consuming of soda, fast food and instant noodls more frequently. Whereas, adolescents with higher levels of FAS, education attainment of mother were more likely to be frequent consumers of vegetable, fruits and milk. These findings demonstrated that being high school students and belonging to lower level of socio-economic status (SES) were associated with undesirable food habits.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.165-173
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study addressed the question whether the composition of supposedly 'healthy' or 'unhealthy' dietary regimes has a calorie-independent short-term effect on biomarkers of metabolic stress and vascular risk in healthy individuals. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Healthy male volunteers (age $29.5{\pm}5.9years$, n = 39) were given a standardized baseline diet for two weeks before randomization into three groups of different dietary regimes: fast food, Mediterranean and German cooking style. Importantly, the amount of calories consumed per day was identical in all three groups. Blood samples were analyzed for biomarkers of cardiovascular risk and metabolic stress after two weeks of the baseline diet and after two weeks of the assigned dietary regime. RESULTS: No dietary intervention affected the metabolic or cardiovascular risk profile when compared in-between groups or compared to baseline. Subjects applied to the Mediterranean diet showed a statistically significant increase of uric acid compared to baseline and compared to the German diet group. Plasma concentrations of urea were significantly higher in both the fast food group and the Mediterranean group, when compared to baseline and compared to the German diet group. No significant differences were detected for the levels of vitamins, trace elements or metabolic stress markers (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, malondialdehyde and methylglyoxal, a potent glycating agent). Established parameters of vascular risk (e.g. LDL-cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), homocysteine) were not significantly changed in-between groups or compared to baseline during the intervention period. CONCLUSIONS: The calorie-controlled dietary intervention caused neither protective nor harmful short-term effects regarding established biomarkers of vascular or metabolic risk. When avoiding the noxious effects of overfeeding, healthy individuals can possess the metabolic capacity to compensate for a potentially disadvantageous composition of a certain diet.

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2020

Purpose: Fast food franchise companies are trying a variety of innovative services to increase their competitiveness in response to changes in population composition in the fast food market and rapid changes in consumption trends due to technological development. From this point of view, franchise companies that have focused on offline store operations are providing O2O (offline to online) service as a core service for customer convenience. This new attempt is a strategy to increase loyalty by applying an interaction method based on understanding the characteristics of new generation consumers. However, existing studies are focused on the relationship between O2O service and acceptance, so very little is known about how O2O service affects customer loyalty. Therefore, this study examines the impacts of customer involvement and relative advantages of fast food O2O service on customer brand engagement (cognitive and affective engagement) and store loyalty for MZ(Millennials - Z) generations. Research design, data, and methodology: In order to achieve the purposes of this research, several hypotheses were developed. The data were collected from 247 questionnaires in their 16-30s and were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and SmartPLS 3.0 program. Measurement model analysis was carried out to assess convergent and discriminant validity. Also, common method bias was tested using the values of VIF (variance inflation factor). The hypotheses was tested using structural equation modeling. Result: First, involvement has a positive effect on cognitive and affective engagement. Second, relative advantages have has a positive effect on cognitive and affective engagement. Third, cognitive influences affective engagement. Finally, both cognitive and affective engagement affect store loyalty, but affective engagement has a stronger effect on store loyalty than cognitive engagement. Conclusions: In the process of consumer-brand interaction, it was confirmed that store loyalty was influenced by cognitive and affective engagement sequentially. However, the results show that affective engagement has a relatively stronger on store loyalty than cognitive engagement. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an O2O service strategy to maintain long-term loyal customers by inducing cognitive participation with high-involved consumer, as well as affective interaction, in order to obtain new customers and increase customer loyalty.