• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.337-345
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• 2011

In order to provide an effective preparedness for a nuclear or radiological emergency happening in the domestic or neighborhood countries and to solve the vague fear of the people for the ingestion of radioactive livestock products, the establishment of national guideline level for radionuclides in feed is urgently necessary. This is because it is important to secure the safety and to manage the crisis in the agricultural, fishery and food sector by performing the effective safety control during and after nuclear incident. This study was performed to investigate the report cases of international organizations and foreign countries to set up a domestic control standard for managing radioactive substances that may be contaminated in animal feeds due to the nuclear power plant incident. In addition, an attempt was made to provide a useful reference that can help prepare a domestic control standard, using a coefficient that can consider the transfer into livestock through the intake of radioactive contaminated animal feeds. The standard radioisotopes investigated were confined to radioactive cesium ($^{137+134}Cs$) and iodine ($^{131}I$). Guideline level for the radionuclides was calculated by using the transfer coefficient factor and the maximum daily intake of animal feed provided by IAEA. For example, the maximum daily intake of animal feed was set as $25kg\;d^{-1}$ for dairy cows, $10kg\;d^{-1}$ for beef cattle, $3.0kg\;d^{-1}$ for pigs and $0.15kg\;d^{-1}$ for chickens. The result values for radioactive cesium were calculated as $8,696Bq\;kg^{-1}$, $4,545Bq\;kg^{-1}$, $1,667Bq\;kg^{-1}$ and $2,469Bq\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. The results for radioactive iodine showed the ranges between $741Bq\;kg^{-1}$ and $76,628Bq\;kg^{-1}$. These data can be utilized as a scientific reference for the preparation of a crisis management manual for the emergency control due to nuclear power plant accident in Korea and neighboring country. These results will contribute to establish the safe feed management system at national level as manual for responding the radioactive exposure of agricultural products and animal feeds, which are currently not established.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.357-365
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• 2001

This study was performed to detect the Salmonella genus-specific DNA marker for comparing of polymophisms between S pullorum and S gallinarum by using PCR amplified techniques. A total of ten primers were used to detect DNA polymorphisms from S pullorum and S gallinarum. The number of DAF bands detected per each primer varied from 26 to 45, with an average of 32.7 using 10 primers. A total of 327 DAF bands were generated and among them 123 bands were polymorphic(37.6%). These DNA amplified fingerprinting(DAF) specific bands for S pullorum and S gallinarum were observed from all primers. For S pullorum, GEN 60-04, GEN 70-04 and GEN 70-03 primers showed a high level of polymorphism with 0.79, 0.70 and 0.57, respectively. But GEN 60-05 primer did not show a level of polymorphism. For S gallinarum, GEN 70-03, 60-04, 60-07, 70-05 and 70-04 primers showed a higher a low level of polymorphism from 0.16 to 0.28. Each five strains of S pullorum and S gallinarum were isolated from chickens showed typical clinical signs related with infection of pullorum disease or fowl typhoid at commercial chicken farms. DNA markers of these strains produced by GEN 70-04, GEN 70-05 and GEN 70-08 showed significant difference of band patterns between S pullorum and S gallinarum. These DNA markers could be used for comparison of DNA marker polymorphism between S pullorum and S gallinarum as well as rapid diagnosis of fowl typhoid and pullorum disease of domestic fowls.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.457-462
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to determine appropriate sample size that simulated different assumptions for diagnostic test characteristics and true prevalences when designing serological surveillance plan for pullorum disease and fowl typhoid in domestic poultry production. The number of flocks and total number of chickens to be sampled was obtained to provide 95% confidence of detecting at least one infected flock, taking imperfect diagnostic tests into account. Due to lack of reliable data, within infected flock prevalence (WFP) was assumed to follow minimum 1%, most likely 5% and maximum 9% and true flock prevalence of 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% in order. Sensitivity were modeled using the Pert distribution: minimum 75%, most likely 80% and maximum 90% for plate agglutination test and 80%, 85%, and 90% for ELISA test. Similarly, the specificity was modeled 85%, 90%, 95% for plate agglutination test and 90%, 95%, 99% for ELISA test. In accordance with the current regulation, flock-level test characteristics calculated assuming that 30 samples are taken from per flock. The model showed that the current 112,000 annual number of testing plan which is based on random selection of flocks is far beyond the sample size estimated in this study. The sample size was further reduced with increased sensitivity and specificity of the test and decreased WFP. The effect of increasing samples per flock on total sample size to be sampled and optimal combination of sensitivity and specificity of the test for the purpose of the surveillance is discussed regarding cost.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.129-134
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• 2002

To isolate probiotic lactic acid bacteria having superior inhibitory activities against animal gastro-intestinal pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella gallinarum, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, 130 strains were initially isolated from the small intestines of Korean native chickens and 7 lactic acid bacteria were finally selected. By using API CHL kit and 16S rRNA sequencing method, the selected lactic acid bacteria were found to be belonged to genus Lactobacillus except BD14 identified as Pediococcus pentosaceus. Especially, Lactobacillus pentosus K34 showed the highest resistancy to both of HCl and bile salt, as well as the highest inhibitory activities against S. gallinarum, S. aureus and E. coli. All the selected strains were sensitive to various antibiotics such as neomycin, erythromycin, cephalosporin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin, oxytetracycline, but resistant to ciprofloxacin. All the selected strains except BL strain were resistant to colistin and streptomycin, and BD14, BD16, K34 strains were resistant to gentamicin.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 1988

Efficacy of praBiquantel (CesocideB injection) by intramuscular (1.M.) route against cestode infections was evaluated. Total 93 domestic or laboratory animals such as dogs, cats, rats, mice, goats, deers and chickens were used. Animals were infected with Dipylidium caninum, Spirometra sp. , Taenia pisiformis, Taenia taeniaeformis, Hymenolepis nana, Moniegia expanse, Moniexia sp. or Raillietina sp. A single dose of prasiquantel, 6 mg/kg of body weight, was highly effective (97.9%) against cestodes of various kinds disregarding the host species or their intensity of infection. At higher dose above 6 mg/kg, the cure rate was 100%. All the cestodes treated were expelled from the host within 48 hours. The discharged proglottides were damaged severely except Hymenolepis nana and Moniegia expanse. Intramuscular injection of this drug evoked a brief pain response in a dog, but no other side reactions were observed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.288-295
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• 2015

Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is the predominant agent causing salmonellosis in chickens and other domestic animals. In an attempt to identify antigenic S. Enteritidis outer membrane proteins (OMPs) that may be useful for subunit vaccine development, we established a proteomic map and database of antigenic S. Enteritidis OMPs. In total, 351 and 301 spots respectively from S. Enteritidis strain 270 and strain 350 were detected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Fifty-one antigen-reactive spots were detected by antisera on two-dimensional immunoblots and identified as 12 specific proteins by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. OmpA and DNA starvation/stationary phase protection protein (Dps) were the most abundant proteins among the identified OMPs, comprising 22 and 12 protein species, respectively. Interestingly, we found that the Dps of S. Enteritidis is also antigenic. OmpW was also verified to have high antigenicity. These results show that OmpA, Dps, and possibly OmpW are antigenic proteins. This study provides new insights into our understanding of the immunogenic characteristics of S. Enteritidis OMPs.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.185-193
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• 2017

Objectives: An on-site study was conducted in order to quantify indoor exposure levels and the emission rate of particulate matter for domestic poultry buildings. Materials and methods: Three types of poultry building (caged layer house, broiler house, and layer house with manure belt) as classified by mode of manure treatment and ventilation were investigated in this study. Nine sites per each poultry building were selected and visited for measuring exposure levels and emission rate of particulate matter. Total dust and respirable dust among the particulate matter were analyzed based on the weight method. Emission rates were estimated by dividing emission amount, which was calculated through multiplying indoor concentration ($mg/m^3$), by the ventilation rate ($m^3/h$), into indoor area ($m^2$) and number of poultry reared in the poultry building. Results: Mean exposure levels for total dust and respirable dust in the poultry buildings were $3.91({\pm}1.99)mg/m^3$ and $1.99({\pm}0.89)mg/m^3$, respectively. The emission rates of particulate matter in the poultry buildings were estimated as $4.75({\pm}1.22)mg\;head^{-1}h^{-1}$ and $64.39({\pm}24.95)g\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$ for total dust and $0.58({\pm}0.23)mg\;head^{-1}h^{-1}$ and $7.52({\pm}2.51)mg\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$ for respirable dust, respectively. The distribution patterns for total dust and respirable dust were similar regardless of poultry building type. Among poultry buildings, broiler house showed the highest exposure level and emission rate of total dust and respirable dust, followed by layer house with manure belt and caged layer house. Conclusions: The finding that the broiler house showed the highest exposure level and emission rate of particulate matter can be attributed to sawdust utilized as bedding material, which can be dispersed into the air by movements of the chickens. Thus, a work environmental management solution for optimally reducing dust concentrations is necessary for broiler houses.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.838-855
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• 2023

The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus triggers infectious diseases, resulting in pulmonary damage and high mortality in domestic poultry worldwide. This study aimed to analyze miRNA expression profiles after infection with the HPAI H5N1 virus in resistant and susceptible lines of Ri chickens.For this purpose, resistant and susceptible lines of Vietnamese Ri chicken were used based on the A/G allele of Mx and BF2 genes. These genes are responsible for innate antiviral activity and were selected to determine differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs in HPAI-infected chicken lines using small RNA sequencing. A total of 44 miRNAs were DE after 3 days of infection with the H5N1 virus. Computational program analysis indicated the candidate target genes for DE miRNAs to possess significant functions related to cytokines, chemokines, MAPK signaling pathway, ErBb signaling pathway, and Wnt signaling pathway. Several DE miRNA-mRNA matches were suggested to play crucial roles in mediating immune functions against viral evasion. These results revealed the potential regulatory roles of miRNAs in the immune response of the two Ri chicken lines against HPAI H5N1 virus infection in the lungs.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2003

The objects of this study were to develop a new strain which has resistance to fowl typhoid, high performance in laying, and producing brown shell eggs favored by domestic consumers. Several White Leghorn (WL) breeds known as possessing genetic resistance to fowl typhoid and several brown shell egg breeds such as susceptible to the disease were used to produce the controlled strains with cross mating between the strains within the breeds and the experimental strains with crossbreeding between the breeds. The crossbred strains were Chungnong(CN) 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26. The controlled strains were ISA brown CC, Hyline brown CC and Lohman brown CC. The survival rates were 99.95% for chicks of age 0∼l7 weeks and 91% for adult chickens of age 18∼72 weeks. There was no difference in survival rate between the crossbred and the controlled strains. The means of age of lst egg laying were 147 to 148 days and no difference was observed between the crossbred and the controlled. The egg Production rates of a9e 18∼72 weeks were 83.76% far the crossbred strains and 77.82% for the controlled strains, which is significantly higher in the crossbred than controlled strains by 6%. The numbers of the hen housed egg Production of age 18∼72 weeks were 292.33 eggs for the crossbred strains and 271.31 eggs fur the controlled strains. The difference of 21 eggs more produced by the crossbred than by the controlled was statistically significant. The mean egg weights of age 18∼72 weeks were 64.32g for the crossbred strains and 60.73g for the controlled strains, and the difference of 3.59g was statistically significant. The feed conversion rates during the age of 18 to 72 weeks were 2.297 for the crossbred strains and 2.454 for the controlled strains. The crossbreds were reduced feed consumption by 157g for 1kg of egg Production which was statistically significant. Haugh unit(H$.$u) at the age of 72 weeks were 82.20 for the crossbred strains and 77.82 for the controlled strains. The crossbred strains were superior quality by 4.38 H$.$u. There were no significant differences in the yolk color and the eggshell thickness between the crossbred strains and the controlled strains. The eggshell color of the crossbred strains was light brown which is the medium color of the white eggshell strains and the brown eggshell strains. The body weights at the ages of 8, 12, 18, 42 and 71 weeks were not different between the crossbred strains and the controlled strains.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.467-476
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• 2013

With increasing interest in environmental issues and the quality of surface water becoming inadequate for water supply, the Korean government has launched a groundwater development policy to satisfy the demand for clean water. To drive this policy effectively, it is essential to guarantee the accuracy of sustainable groundwater yield and groundwater use amount. In this study, groundwater use was monitored over several years at various locations in Korea (32 cities/counties in 5 provinces) to obtain accurate groundwater use data. Statistical analysis of the results was performed as a method for estimating rational groundwater use. For the case of groundwater use for living purposes, we classified the cities/counties into three regional types (urban, rural, and urban-rural complex) and divided the groundwater facilities into five types (domestic use, apartment housing, small-scale water supply, schools, and businesses) according to use. For the case of agricultural use, we defined three regional types based on rainfall intensity (average rainfall, below-average rainfall, and above-average rainfall) and the facilities into six types (rice farming, dry-field farming, floriculture, livestock-cows, livestock-pigs, and livestock-chickens). Finally, we developed groundwater-use estimation equations for each region and use type, using cluster analysis and regression model analysis of the monitoring data. The results will enhance the reliability of national groundwater statistics.