• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 1997

Two experiments were carried out to determine the effects of pelleting layer diets on the laying perforrnance and nutrients utilizability, using either 50-wk-old(Experiment 1) or 80-wk-old (Experiment 2) layers. There was no effect of pelleting layer diets on hen-day egg production and average egg weight but decreased (P<0.05) feed conversion ratio(intake /egg weight) in both experiments. Although both egg specific gravity and eggshell thickness were not influenced by pelleting eggshell breaking strength was improved(P<0.05) only in Experiment 1. Utilizability of dietary fat was improved(P<0.05) by pelleting layer diets with no difference in other nutrients utilizability. There was no difference in the passage rate of mash and pelleted layer diets.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.17-28
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• 1988

This experiment is carried out to study alteration of phospholipid compoent in liver, kidney, testis, and brain tissues of male rats which are fed selenium added high fat diets for 7 weeks. The phospholipids of these tissues are analyzed by TLC method. The results are as follows. 1. The growth rate and food intake levels are not affected by selenium-added high fat diets. 2. The levels of total cholesterol, total lipid and TBA are lower in selenium-added diets than selenium free diets 3. The total phospholipid levels of each tissue are kidney > brain > testis > liver and the levels of phospholipid component are Le>Sph>Ce>LLe for kidney and liver, Le>Sph>LLe>Ce for testis and brain.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.565-570
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• 1996

Cardiac, hepatic and renal mitochondria in rats fed lead containing diets were isolated and their activities were studied in terms of NADH oxidation. In normal rats, cardiac and renal mitochondria had similar activities and showed activity values of higher than those in hepatic mitochondria. Cardiac mitochondiral activities in rats fed lead containing diets were increased after 4 weeks of feeding but decreased to activity values close to normal. Renal mitochondrial activities showed a trend of inhibition in all groups fed lead containing diets but were no differenes by feeding periods of 4 and 8 weeks. Feeding of lead containing diets could not be attributed to any changes in the hepatic mitochondrial antivities at experimental doses during 4~8 weeks.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.248-252
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• 2008

A 6-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate effects of dietary supplementation with wood vinegar (WV) as a feed additive for juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Eight experimental diets supplemented with 0(control), 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 and 2.0% WV/kg diet($WV_0,\;WV_{0.01},\;WV_{0.025},\;WV_{0.05},\;WV_{0.1},\;WV_{0.25},\;WV_{0.5},\;and\;WV_{2.0}$, respectively) were prepared by mixing with basal diet. After the 6-week feeding trial, fish fed the $WV_{0.1}$ diet had significantly higher weight gain, feed efficiency, and specific growth rate than those of fish fed the other diets(P<0.05). No mortality was observed in the treatment groups fed the experimental diets for 6 weeks. The liver antioxidant activity of fish fed the $WV_{0.01},\;WV_{0.025},\;and\;WV_{0.05}$ diets was significantly higher than that of fish fed the other diets. The lysozyme activity of fish fed the $WV_{0.25}$ diet was significantly higher than that of fish fed the other diets. Fish fed diets supplemented with WV had significantly lower cumulative mortality than that of fish fed the control diet throughout the challenge test, and fish fed the $WV_{0.05}\;and\;WV_{0.1}$ diets had the highest resistance to disease caused by Edwardsiella tarda at day 7 of the challenge test. Therefore, feeding 0.05-0.1% WV/kg diet improves the growth and immune responses of juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.148-156
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• 2018

This study was conducted to evaluate dietary hydrolyzed pig bristle meal (PBM) for juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. In Experiment 1 (EXP-1), six experimental diets were prepared to contain 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15% PBM (designated Con, PBM3, PBM6, PBM9, PBM12 and PBM15, respectively). Triplicate groups of olive flounder (initial body weight, 8.69 g) were fed the diets to apparent satiation for 8 weeks during the optimal water temperature season ($20.5{\pm}2.12^{\circ}C$). All PBM supplemented groups except for PBM3 showed significantly lower growth performance and feed utilization compared to the control group. The protein digestibility of PBM3, PBM6, and PBM9 diets did not significantly differ from that of the control diet. In Experiment 2, 1% mono-calcium phosphate was added into the experimental diets used in Exp-1. Triplicate groups of olive flounder (10.6 g) were fed the diets to apparent satiation for 8 weeks during the low water temperature season ($12.5{\pm}1.12^{\circ}C$). The growth performances and feed utilization of fish fed all diets except for PBM15 diet did not significantly differ from those of the control diet. This study indicates that hydrolyzed PBM can replace fish meal by up to 12% with limiting amino acids and mono-calcium phosphate in diets for juvenile olive flounder.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.23.1-23.10
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• 2019

Background: Taurine is a conditional essential amino acid for fish. A study was conducted to investigate the compensating effect of supplemental taurine in diets for red seabream (Pagrus major) on impaired growth performance by fish meal (FM) replacement with soybean meal (SM) at low water temperature (14.15 ± 1.95 ℃). Methods: A FM-based diet was considered as a high FM diet and three other experimental diets were formulated to replace FM with SM by 20, 35, or 50% (HFM, SM20, SM35, or SM50, respectively) without taurine and other four diets were formulated by adding 1% taurine to the diets (HFM-T, SM20-T, SM35-T, or SM50-T, respectively). Triplicate groups of fish (108.9 ± 1.58 g/fish) were distributed into 24 polyvinyl circular tanks (215 L) with 20 fish per tank and fed one of the diets to satiation for 20 weeks. Results: Growth performance and feed utilization of red seabream were significantly improved by the dietary taurine supplementation. SM20-T and SM35-T diets increased fish growth that are comparable to HFM diet. Feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed SM20-T and SM35-T diets were not significantly different from those of HFM group. Dietary taurine supplementation in each FM replaced group numerically increased innate immunity of the fish. Lysozyme and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly decreased in fish fed SM35, SM50, and SM50-T diets compared to those of fish fed HFM diet while they were not significantly lower in SM20, SM20-T, SM35, and SM35-T groups. Glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly lower in fish group fed SM50 diet while SM50-T group did not significantly lower compared to that of HFM group. The relative expression level of hepatic IGF-1 mRNA was improved in fish fed taurine-supplemented diets compared to their respective SM diets. Conclusions: Growth performance and feed utilization of red seabream can be accelerated or restored by 1% taurine supplementation when they are fed high level of SM up to 35% in diets during low water temperature season.

• BMB Reports
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.166-171
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• 2001

The levels of $\gamma$-aminobutyric acid (GAGA) have been analyzed from pharbitis seeds by an AccQ-Tag amino acid analysis procedure. The GABA level of the pharbitis seeds was 125 nmole per gram fresh weight. To investigate the effects of pharbitis seed diets on serum and hepatic lipid levels, as well as enzyme activities of rats administered with ethanol chronically, Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed with either a AIN-76 diet (control), a control diet plus ethanol, a control plus pharbitis seed diet, or a control plus pharbitis seed diet plus ethanol for 30 days. Pharbitis seed diets decreased the serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, and $\gamma$-GTP levels that were increased by the chronic ethanol administration. In addition, pharbitis seed diets decreased the liver triglyceride and total lipid levels that were increased by the ethanol administration. However, ethanol metabolism was not retarded by the pharbitis seed supplemented diets. The present Endings, plus previous data showing the differences in the effects of cabbage diets having a high or a low level of GABA on the lipid levels and the enzyme activities of rats (Cha and Oh [2000] J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 29, 500-505), raise the possibility that GABA in plants could have a nutraceutical role in the recovery of chronic alcohol-related diseases.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.981-990
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• 1998

The effects of indigestible dextrin on lipids in serum, tissue, and feces were investigated in two experiments carried out with 64 male Sprague-Dawley rats for eight weeks. Experiment I diet(normal fat diet) containing 5% corn oil and experiment II diet(high fat diet) containing 18% fat(13% beef tallow and 5% corn oil) and 1% cholesterol were divided into four groups with 0.5% cellulose(0.5CL : control), 10% cellulose(10CL), 10% Indigestible dextrin I(ID-I) and 10% indigestible dextrin II(ID-II), respectively. ID-I and ID-II diets produced a decrease in serum total lipid and cholesterol concentrations in both normal and high fat diets but more significantly in the groups fed high fat diet. ID-I, ID-II, and 10CL of high fat diet decreased serum glucose concentration. ID-I and ID-II diets also decreased liver cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in rats fed normal and high fit diets. The fecal excretion of cholesterol in ID-II/high fat diet was significantly higher than that of 0.5CL diet. Bile acid excretion was increased in the rats fed 10CL and ID-II diets of normal and high fat diets. These observations indicat the hypolipidemic and hypocholesterolemic effects of indigestible dextrin on the rats. These effects are mediated by the increase of facal cholesterol and bile acid excretion. (Korean J Nutrition31(6) : 981-990, 1998)

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.250-256
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• 2009

A 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of Kugija (Lycium chinense) on the growth and immunological response in juvenile Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli). Six experimental diets were supplemented with Kugija at 0, 0.1, 0.5 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0% ($K_0,\;K_{0.1},\;Ko_{0.5},\;K_{1.0},\;K_{3.0},\;K_{5.0}$) on a dry-matter basis. After 2 weeks, triplicate groups of 30 fish initially averaging 3.36$\pm$0.2 g (mean$\pm$SD) were randomly distributed into the aquarium and were fed one of the experimental diets for 8 weeks. By the end of the 8-week feeding trial, fish fed the $K_{0.5}$ and $K_{1.0}$ diets exhibited a higher weight gain and specific growth rate than fish fed $K_0$ and $K_{0.1}$ diets (P<0.05). Feed efficiency of fish fed the $K_{0.5}$ diet showed significant higher value than that of fish fed the $K_0$, $K_{3.0}$ and $K_{5.0}$ diets (P<0.05). Hepatosomatic index of fish fed the $K_{0.5}$ diet was significantly higher than that of fish fed the $K_{0.1}$ and $K_{5.0}$ diets (P<0.05). Hematocrit of fish fed the $K_{0.5},\;K_{1.0}$ and $K_{5.0}$ diets was significantly higher than that of fish fed the $K_0$ diet (P<0.05). Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase of fish fed the $K_{0.5},\;K_{1.0},\;K_{3.0}$ and $K_{5.0}$ diets was significantly lower than in fish fed the other diets (P<0.05). Glutamic pyruvic transaminase activity of fish fed the $K_{3.0}$ diet was significantly lower than those of fish fed the $K_0$ and $K_{0.1}$ diets (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the activity of the transaminase in fish fed the $K_{0.5}\;K_{1.0},\;K_{3.0}$ and $K_{5.0}$ diets. Lysozyme activity of fish fed the $K_{0.5}$ and $K_{1.0}$ diets was significantly higher than that in fish fed the $K_0$ and $K_{0.1}$ diets (P<0.05). Respiratory burst activity of fish fed the $K_{3.0}$ diet was significantly higher than those of fish fed the $K_0$ and $K_{0.1}$ diets (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in respiratory burst activity of fish fed the $K_{0.5}\;K_{1.0},\;K_{3.0}$ and $K_{5.0}$ diets. Fish fed Kugija showed lower early mortality than fish fed a Kugija-free diet upon challenge with Vibrio ordalii. The results suggest that feeding of Kugija (Lycium chinense) enhances growth, non-specific immunity and disease resistance in juvenile Korean rockfish.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.121-137
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• 1998

This study was conducted to examine the economic evaluation of the newly developed fish meal analog (BAIFA-M) in Korean rockfish feed. A raw fish feed (MP) and two commercially formulated diets (EP) were employed to compare weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and survival rate (SR) from the sea cage culture system. By using the economic model in the practical sea cage culture system, feed cost, production cost and gross profit per kg production, rate of profit to gross revenue (RPGR), and internal rate of return (IRR) were calculated based upon the results of the experiment and the information of the private aquaculture farm (Young Chang) in Tong young, Korean. IRR criteria is one of the popular economic feasibility analysis methods applicable far aquaculture industry. This is an economic evaluation method to compare the given interest rate or the discount rate with IRR which can be calculated by the difference between the present value of the benefit stream and of the cost stream. The benefits of using EP on WG, FCR, SR, and production cost will be emphasized in this study. Fish averaging 20$\pm$3.6g (Mean$\pm$SD) were randomly distributed in each small cage (6m$\times$6m) as groups of 2,000 fish. By using 3 large size cages (12m$\times$12m), 12 small cages were constructed, and only 9 small cages were employed for three replicates of each diet treatment. To compare with MP diet, two sinking EP diets were designed by our laboratory and produced by the local feed company who wanted to promote these EP diets for the mass cage culture of Korean rockfish in the future. Two EP diets contain white fish meal and/or BAIFA-M as the main animal protein sources : WFM diet, maximum 43% of white fish meal : BAIEA- M diet, 30% of white fish meal nab replaced by BAIFA- M from WFM diet. Results are summarized in Table 1. Fish fed MP diet showed significantly lower SR than does fish fed two EP diets(P<0.05). However, there Were no significant difference on FCR among fish fed three practical diets. Table 1. Average feed conversion ratio (FCR), accumulative average survival rate (SR) and economic evaluation data far three practical diets. As we expected, BAIFA-M diet is more economical than WFM diet as well as MP diet. Feed cost and production cost per kg production from BAIEA - M diet were lower than those from WFM and MP diets. Moreover, gross profit per Kg production, RPGR and IRR from BAIFA- M diet were higher than those from WFM and MP diets. This economic evaluation study clearly indicated that MP diet should be replaced by the commerical formulated EP diets as soon as possible in the near future because MP diet is not economical in the practical sea cage culture system.