• BMB Reports
• /
• v.35 no.6
• /
• pp.615-622
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of dietary garlic powder on diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in weaning male Sprague-Dawley rats by using the medium-term bioassay system of Ito et al. The rats were fed diets that contained 0, 0.5, 2.0 or 5.0% garlic powder for 8 weeks, beginning the diets with the intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of DEN. The areas of placental glutathione S-transferase (GST-P) positive foci, an effective marker for DEN-initiated lesions, were significantly decreased in the rats that were fed garlic-powder diets; the numbers were significantly decreased only in the 2.0 and 5.0% garlic-powder diets. The p-nitrophenol hydroxylase (PNPH) activities and protein levels of CYP 2E1 in the hepatic microsomes of the rats that were fed the 2.0 and 5.0% garlic powder diet were much lower than those of the basal-diet groups. Pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylase (PROD) activity and CYP 2B1 protein level were not influenced by the garlic-powder diets and carcinogen treatment. Therefore, the suppression of CYP 2E1 by garlic in the diet might influence the formation of preneoplastic foci during hepatocarcinogenesis in rats that are initiated with DEN.

• Ocean Science Journal
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.193-197
• /
• 2007

The food selectivity of tethered females of the copepod Calanus helgolandicus was examined by using the colorimetric approach. First, feeding behavior of the copepod did not show any differences between the red-color stained with neutral red and non-stained diets using the diatom Coscinodiscus curvatulus. Then, the copepods were fed a mixtures of two diets, the diatom C. curvatulus, stained with neutral red, and the dinoflagellate Gymnodinium sanguineum for $14\sim60$ minutes of feeding duration. The foregut colors of females were examined using a stereo-microscope and a video monitor. The foreguts of animals fed with a high density of diatoms in mixed diets showed a dark red color, whereas those fed with a high density of dinoflagellate in mixed diets were a dark yellow. The results suggest that this species of copepod may not selectively feed either one of the diets used for this study. Their feeding activity may be more likely related to the density of available prey in their environment. Therefore, this quick and easy colorimetric approach could provide very useful information, like the pre-screening procedure before designing and conducting the time-consuming and complex feeding experiments to understand the feeding ecology of copepods.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.3-12
• /
• 2016

Vitamin D plays a vital role in maintaining blood concentrations of Ca and P. In lipid metabolism, vitamin D is also known to negatively affect the development of adipocytes, but it has received little attention with regard to improve marbling score in beef cattle via restricting its supply. Recently, the method of feeding fat soluble vitamins(including vitamin D)-deficient diets in Korean native cattle (Hanwoo) has been spread by feed companies and TMR plants. But proper guidelines in feeding vitamin D-deficient diets should be provided, otherwise it can adversely affect the health of cattle. To maximize marbling score, a controlled level of vitamin D in blood needs to be maintained and the proper period for feeding vitamin D-deficient diets should be provided. This review was conducted to highlight the regulatory effects of vitamins D on adipocyte differentiation, and provide information on improving beef quality grades in relation to feeding vitamin D-deficient diets in beef cattle.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.32 no.11
• /
• pp.857-860
• /
• 2023

We investigated the fecal properties and hemoglobin levels in dogs fed with general canine diets and 7 black soldier fly-based companion canine diets. A total of 16 dogs, including 8 poodles (average weight 2.7±0.5 kg) and 8 bichon frises (average weight 2.0±0.5 kg) were used in this study. The changes in fecal properties of all treatments at 0 weeks and 2 weeks showed no significant differences (p>0.05). However, at 4 weeks, compared to the control group, all black soldier fly-based companion canine diets have an effect on fecal properties (p<0.05). Hemoglobin levels in all treatments were within the normal range. Therefore, feeding black soldier fly-based diets to canines affected the fecal properties and the hemoglobin level was not of clinical concern since it was within the desired reference intervals for healthy canines, indicating that the effect of iron supplementation and anemia prevention was not observed.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.272-277
• /
• 2001

Electrocardiograms in rats fed diets with boiled eggs for 30 days was investigated. Amplitudes of P,Q and R waves were not significant differences among treatment groups. Amplitude of S wave in rats fed the diet with 95% boiled eggs was significantly tended to be increased compared with other groups(P<0.05). Amplitude of T wave in the rats fed the diet with 0% boiled eggs showed the highest values, and there were significant difference among treatment groups fed diets with 0% boiled eggs, 25% and 95% boiled eggs (P<0.05). Durations of P and PQ(PR) waves were high in the rats fed diets with 25% and 50% boiled eggs (P<0.05). Duration of QRS complex showed low in the rats fed diet 0% boiled eggs but not significant difference among treatment groups. Duration of QT was high in the rats fed diet with 0% boiled eggs(P<0.05). This result is assumed that electrocardiograms in the rats is not changed to intake the boiled eggs.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.745-748
• /
• 2016

Ninety ducks (one-day-old Pekins, 45 males and 45 females) were used to evaluate the effects of supplementing diets with Houttuynia cordata powder on the fatty acid profiles of duck breast meat. The ducks were allotted to one of the three treatment diets using a completely randomized design, each treatment-group containing three replicate pens with ten birds each (five of each gender). The experimental diets were: 1) Control (basal diet), 2) T1 (Control+ 1% Houttuynia cordata) and 3) T2 (Control+2% Houttuynia cordata). In spite of significant difference, the addition of Houttuynia cordata resulted in higher unsaturated fatty acid and lower saturated fatty acid contents than in the Control group. However, no remarkable difference was observed between 1% and 2 % Houttuynia cordata groups for fatty acid profiles.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.49 no.4
• /
• pp.491-500
• /
• 2007

Two experiments were used to determine the effects of environment-friendly diets on growth performance, fecal excretion, nitrogen excretion and emission gases in manure for growing pigs. In experiment 1, ninety six crossed pigs(Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc) were allocated into four treatments. Treatments were AME(adequate ME diet, 3,265 kcal/kg), LME(lower ME diet, 3,100 kcal/kg), LME 0.05(lower ME diet+α- galactosidase & β-mannanase 0.05%) and LME 0.10(lower ME diet+α-galactosidase & β-mannanase 0.10%). Pigs fed AME diet had lower ADFI(Average Daily Feed Intake) than pigs fed other diets(p<0.05). DM(Dry Matter) digestibility in pigs fed AME and LME 0.10 diets had greater than pigs fed LME diet(p<0.05). Energy digestibility is higher in pigs fed AME and LME 0.10 diets than other treatments(p<0.05). In experiment 2, twenty four crossbred pigs(33.71 kg average BW) were used in a 14-d metabolism experiment. The pigs were housed in individual cages equipped with plastic bed flooring. Treatments were CP(Crude protein) 18% without Bacillus sp., CP 18% diet+Bacillus sp. 0.05%, CP 14% without Bacillus sp. and CP 14% diet+Bacillus sp. 0.05%. Nitrogen intake was higher for CP 18% diets than CP 14% diets(p<0.05). DM, N(Nitrogen) and energy digestibility were affected by probiotics(p<0.05). With the high CP in diets, Energy and N digestibility, urine N percent, urine N excretion and total N excretion were increased significantly compared to low CP in diets(p<0.05). Among the treatments, DM and N digestibilities, feces N excretion, N absorption were decreased significantly(p<0.05), however, feces excretion, feces N, urine N percent, urine N excretion and total N excretion were increased significantly(p<0.05) when pigs fed without probiotics diets compare to pigs fed with probiotics diets. DM and N digestibility, feces excretion, feces N excretion, urine N percent, urine N excretion, total N excretion, N absorption and N adsorption ratio were CP×probiotic interactions in p<0.05. Ammonia(p<0.01) and H2S(p<0.05) in manure were lower in CP 14% diets than CP 18% diets. Also, ammonia and H2S in manure were CP×probiotic interactions in p<0.05. In conclusion, low energy and reduction of CP dietary added enzyme and probiotics improved nutrient digestibility and reduced odors emission in manure for growing pigs.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.57 no.6
• /
• pp.21.1-21.8
• /
• 2015

The digestibility of different vegetable protein sources were investigated and the effects of supplementing canola meal (CM) as partial inclusions were studied in growing pigs, to determine the performance parameters and its economic importance. In Exp. 1, four pigs (average initial $BW=15.4{\pm}0.35kg$, 5 weeks of age) fitted with simple T-cannula at terminal ileum, were fed four diets following repeated $4{\times}4$ Latin square design having adoption period of 7 days. Diet 1 was Nitrogen free diet containing corn starch. Diets 2, 3, and 4 were the basal diet supplemented with soybean meal (SBM), rapeseed meal (RSM), and domestic CM respectively. The AID of crude protein was decrease in RSM in comparison to SBM supplementation. The AID of Dietary indispensable amino acids (DIAA) such as Lys, Meth, Pha, and dispensable amino acid Ala, Pro, Asp were decreased (P < 0.05) in RSM supplemented diets. The SID of DIAA does not differ but the SID of Asp was higher (P < 0.05) in RSM and CM diets while SID of Pro was lower (P < 0.05) in RSM in comparison to SBM supplemented diets. In Exp. 2, 192 growing pigs (average initial BW $24.76{\pm}2.55kg$) were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments with increasing levels of CM i.e. 0, 3.75, 7.50, and 11.25 % respectively. Diets were fed in meal form for 35 days. Increasing CM levels in diets had no effects (P > 0.05) on growth performance and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and energy. Total weight gain, total feed intake, and feed cost per kg weight gain were not affected by increasing levels of CM in diets but total feed cost (TFC) per pigs was linearly reduced (26.463 to 25.674; P < 0.05). Broadly, the AID, and SID of amino acid was reduced in RSM but was not effected in CM in comparison to SBM supplemented pigs. Moreover, increasing levels of CM in pigs diet had no effect on the ATTD and performance but TFC per pig was reduced. Thus CM inclusion of up to 11.25 % in diets can be used for reducing the production cost in growing pigs without any negative effect.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.17 no.4 s.84
• /
• pp.529-534
• /
• 2007

The effects of dietary eggs on liver and serum lipids, serum protein and mineral concentrations, and enzyme activities in male rats were studied. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed four types of diets for 4 weeks, respectively: a control diet, a control diet supplemented with 5, 10 or 15% eggs powder. In rats fed 5, 10 or 15% egg diets the body weight gain, the food intake, the weights of kidney and epididymal fat pad were similar to those in rats fed the control diet. The hepatic weight, hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations of rats fed the all egg diets were significantly higher than those of rats fed the control diet. The concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL+VLDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid in the serum of rats fed the all egg diets were similar to those of rats fed the control diet. In the rats fed 5% egg diet the HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol ratios was significantly increased, and the atherogenic index was significantly decreased compared with those in the rats fed 10 or 15% egg diets. The serum total protein and albumin concentrations of rats fed 10 or 15% egg diets were significantly increased compared with those of rats fed the control diet. The serum calcium levels of rats fed the all egg diets were significantly increased compared with those of rats fed the control diet. No differences were noted in the concentrations of urea nitrogen, creatinine, glucose and hemoglobin, and activities of GOT, GPT, ${\gamma}-GTP$ and alkaline phosphatase in the serum among the rats with on all the experimental diets. These results showed that the all egg diets feeding increased cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in liver, but no differences lipids and lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in serum of rats.

• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2000

The effect of various dietary protein levels on growth and body composition of young common carp raised from 56 g to 170 g in recirculating system was investigated for 15 weeks when they were fed to visual satiety three times daily. Five experiemtal diets were formulated to contain 40, 35, 30, 25 and 21% protein levels and 3.56, 3.59. 3.63, 3.66 and 3.69 kcal/g diet GE levels respectively. Mean survival rates of the fish fed the 40, 35, 30 and 25% protein diets were not different but sig-nificantly higher than that of the fish fed the 40, 35, 30 and 25% protein diets were not different but sig-nificantly higher than that of o the fish fed the 21% protein diet(P<0.05) Weight gain (g/tank) of common carp fed the 30% protein diet was the best. However weight gain of the fish fed the 25, 30, 35 and 40% protein diets were not different but significantly better than that of the fish fed the 21% protein diet. Feed efficiency ratio of the 21% protein diet was significantly lower (P<0.05) than for other groups of diets which were not different among them. Protein efficiency ratio for the 21% protein diet was significantly lower (P<0.05) than for other groups of diets which were not different among them(P>0.05) Dietary protein level had no effect on hemoglobin content in the fish(P>0.05) Crude protein contents of whole body of the fish fed the 35 and 40% protein diets were significantly higher than that of the fish fed the 21$$\mid$% or 25% protein diet(P<0.05) Body crude lipid contents of the fish fed the 21 and 25% protein diets were significantly higher than that of the fish fed the 30% or 35% protein diet. Crude ash contents of the fish fed the 35 and 40% protein diets were significantly higher than that of the fish fed the 21% or 25% protein diet(P<0.05) Moisture content of the fish fed the 35% protein diet was significantly higher than that of the fish fed the 21% protein diet(P<0.05) In considering growth performance of common carp and efficiency of diet dietary protein level could be lowered up to 25% without the reduction of young common carp production in recirculating system.