• 한국연극학
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• 제40호
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• pp.307-344
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• 2010

Cultural Studies built on the critical mind of New Left exposes the relationship between culture and power, and investigates how this relationship develops the cultural convention. It has achieved the new perspective that could make us to think culture and art in terms of political correctness. However, the critical voices against the theoretical premises of Cultural Studies have been increased as its heyday in 1980s was nearly over. For instance, Terry Eagleton, a former Marxist literary critic, declared in 2003 that the golden age of cultural theory is long past. This essay, therefore, intends to show the weak foundations on which the approaches of cultural studies to theatre rest and to clarify the general problem of their introduction to theatre studies. The approach of cultural studies to theatre takes the form of 'top-down inquiry' as it applies a theory to a particular play or historical period. In other word, from the theory the writer moves to the particular case. The result is not an inquiry but rather a demonstration. This circularity can destroy the point of serious intellectual investigation as the theory dictates answers. The goal-oriented narrow viewpoint as a logical consequence of 'top-down inquiry' makes the researcher to favor the plays or the parts of a play that are proper to test a theory. As a result it loses the fair judgment on the artistic value of a play, and brings about the misinterpretation. The interpreter-oriented reading is the other defect of cultural studies as it disregards the inherent meaning of the text, distorting a play. The approach of cultural studies also consists of a conventionality as it arrives at a stereotyped interpretation by using certain conventions of reasoning and rhetoric. The cultural theories are fundamentally the 'outside theories' that seek to explain not theatre but the very broad features of society and politics. Consequently their application to theatre risks the destructive criticism, disregarding the inherent experience of theatre. Most of, if not all, cultural theories, furthermore, are proven to be lack of empirical basis. The alternative method to them is a 'cognitive science' that proves scientifically our mind being influenced by bodily experience. The application of cultural materialism to Shakespeare's is one of the cases that reveal the limits of cultural studies. Jonathan Dollimore and Water Cohen provide a kind of 'canonical study' in this application that is imitated by the succeeding researchers. As a result the interpretation of has been flooded with repetitive critical remarks, revealing the problem of 'top-down inquiry' and conventional reasoning. Cultural Studies is antipodal to theatre in some respect. It is interested chiefly in the social and political reality while theatre aims to create the fiction world. The theatre studies, therefore, may have to risk the danger of destroying its own base when it adopts cultural studies uncritically. The different stance between theatre and cultural theories also occurs from the opposition of humanism vs. antihumanism. We have to introduce cultural theories selectively and properly not to destroy the inherent experience and domain of theatre.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제70권
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• pp.95-131
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• 2015

이 글은 '비재현적 문화연구'에 대한 소개와 필요성, 시급함에 대하여 버밍엄 문화연구의 재고찰을 통하여 이야기한다. 더불어 어떻게 비재현적 문화연구라는 지적 기획이 추상적 구분과 재현적 담론이 주도했던 그 동안의 주된 문화연구적 사고와 방법론에서 빈번히 배제되었던 세계의 양식들에 강조점을 두어 이를 읽어 내는지 살펴본다. 대표적으로 스튜어트 홀의 주요 저작과 후기 생애에 대한 실천적 모습을 통해 비교적 익숙한 모습의 버밍엄 문화연구 한계를 극복하면서 궁극적으로 문화연구, 특히 한국의 문화연구를 현재 시점에서 다시 한 번 생각해 보고자 했다. 이 글에선 주로 후기 스튜어트 홀의 사유와 현실에 밀착된 방법론의 관계성 그리고 그 방향성을 주목하여 살펴보았다. 사실 한국 문화연구는 버밍엄 문화연구와 특별히 연구 방향성과 주제의 부분에서 거의 같은 것으로 여겨져 왔고, 우리 비판언론학계에서 이러한 이른바 '전통적 영국 문화연구'의 영향력은 여전히 매우 강력하지만, 오히려 어떤 면에서 이는 매우 한국적이며 특수한 현상일 뿐이다. 그 점을 스튜어트 홀의 대표 저작들에 대한 재독해와 이에 기반을 두어 후기 삶의 실천적 자취를 따라가 보면서 조금이나마 발견해 보고자 했다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.450-466
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify trends in research on cultural competency of nursing students and nurses in Korea and to provide suggestions for future studies. Methods: A literature search was conducted with 432 papers published between 1985 and 2016 from five electronic databases and other sources using such key words as 'cultural competency', 'cultural nursing', 'multi-cultural competency', 'nursing students', 'nurses', etc. Results: The research design of 86 nursing researches on the cultural competence of nurses and nursing students analyzed in this study was 90.7% in quantitative research, 9.3% in qualitative research, and 2.3% in mixed research. Cultural competence was the most measured concept. A total of 41 papers (47.7%) out of 86 papers were used to measure cultural competence. Ten different tools were used various instruments of cultural competency were used in 41 papers. In 11 experimental studies, new methods such as role playing, case study, four stage 3D puzzle model, newspaper reading, and writing reflection note were used other than traditional method of lecture. Conclusion: The overall findings of this study suggest that future research should include more well-designed experimental studies, qualitative studies and repeated studies to confirm the effects of findings from previous studies. Development of effective and highly diverse teaching methods is recommended to increase cultural competency. Supporting systems and funding are required to help activate research of nurses.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제26권
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• pp.405-444
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• 2012

This paper is based on the view that film should be conceived as a form of cultural practice whose meaning is always in the process of being produced within diverse socio-cultural contexts and aims to examine the ways in which the meaning of Korean film is (re)mediated or received in diverse cultural contexts outside the country. In this paper, we employ two theoretical grounds. Firstly, it positions itself in line with the audience studies within the field of cultural studies where the audience is conceived as active agents who produce the meaning of a popular culture text. The recruitment of the theoretical propositions from the audience studies enables recognition of the significance of the reception in film practice which recently seems to be oriented on production and distribution. Secondly, we conceive transnationality of film as that which is being produced in the process of transaction between the film and the audience, that is to say, transnationality is a form of discourse that emerges upon cultural interaction. The empirical work involves examination of a set of reviews of four films--Chihwaseon, Oldboy, Thirt, Poety--that have been published in daily newspapers and some popular film magazines in the U. S., the U. K. and France. Through the analysis of the film reviews, we identify four interpretive schemes or rather discourses recruited via which the Korean films are approached and understood: auteurism, formalism, universal themes, emotional response. We propose that these four kinds of discourse provide a common ground for the audience from different cultural backgrounds to understand Korean film. Furthermore, we also suggest that transnationality of Korean cinema needs to be reconsidered in terms of the reception as the audience from different socio-cultural backgrounds should be understood as active agents who are capable of engaging in Korean cultural texts such as film in their own way producing various meanings and these are also constituent of the meaning of the cultural texts.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제54권
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• pp.76-97
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• 2011

가추법은 문화연구의 방법론으로서 어떤 의미를 지니는가? 이 논문은 문화연구의 방법론 논의가 연구방법이 아닌 인식론적 맥락에서 이루어져야 함을 주장하고, 이를 위해 가추법의 의미를 문화연구의 방법론의 측면에서 재해석한다. 논리학자이자 기호학자인 찰스 샌더스 퍼스는 연역법이나 귀납법으로는 불가능한 새로운 명제나 지식을 발견하기 위해 가추법을 제안한다. 근대의 과학적 실증주의가 객관성과 확실성의 논리에 기대고 있다면, 가추법은 경험된 현상으로부터 새로운 전제를 찾아내는 발견의 논리로서 의미를 지닌다. 이 논문에서는 학문과 지식의 생산 구조와 역사적 맥락을 살펴보고, 그 과정에서 형성된 과학적 연구방법의 신화를 비판한다. 그리고 사회와 문화를 연구하는 방법론적 대안으로서 가추법이 갖는 의의를 살펴보고, 가추법이 문화연구의 방법론에 던져주는 시사점은 무엇인지 논의한다. 이를 통해 문화연구가 방법론으로서 갖추어야 할 세 가지 요소, 즉 '직관'과 '공감'과 '지적 협업'의 중요성과 의미를 탐색한다. 결국 문화연구는 관찰할 수 있는 현재로부터 알 수 없는 실재를 찾아내는 발견의 논리가 되어야 함을 주장한다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.405-413
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• 2010

With the increase in multi-cultural families, Korea is seeing a rapid increase in immigrated housewives, who are closely related to food culture. However, studies for the diet of multi-cultural families, which is most closely related to our lives have not been sufficiently researched. With this background, this study conducted research for immigrated women nationwide about food cultures to provide the possibility which Korean food culture would be developed harmoniously with various foreign food cultures. In this study, the immigrated women seemed to have adapted to Korean food culture quickly, but they showed differences according to some conditions like countries they are from and the time they have been in Korea. To achieve this, we need to conduct consistent and in depth studies for food cultures in multi-cultural families so that we can make healthy development in food culture, harmonious with traditional Korean culture.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.1312-1322
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• 2006

A recent accelerated globalization has changed every aspect of consumers' life on the globe, thus understanding the similarity and the difference among people in the world became the crucial element of business for many global companies. As one of the most globalized industries in Korea, fashion businesses also require urgent assistance of academics in understanding global consumers. This study aimed to analyze cross-cultural fashion marketing studies published in two respectful journals in fashion studies: Journal of Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles and Journal of the Korean Society of Costume. Four researchers independently searched the target journals to locate studies using cross-cultural approaches. A total of 45 cross-cultural studies published in two journals between 1977 and 2005 were found and analyzed. The major findings could be summarized as followed. First, the US was the most frequently studied country followed by China, Japan, Hong Kong and others. Second, popular subjects of cross cultural studies in fashion marketing were fashion marketing environment and management rather than consumer psychology. Third, about 78% of the sampled studies were using quantitative approach, and statistical methods such as factor analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and $X^2$ analysis were commonly used. Finally, problems in sampling methods, translation of scales, and equivalence of concept, measure and sample were analyzed. Suggestions for future cross-cultural studies were discussed.

• 아동학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.23-36
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• 2009

Relationships between immigrant mothers' Korean language ability and preschoolers' language development in multi-cultural families were studied with 91 mothers and their children. Language capacity of mothers and children was measured by receptive and expressive vocabulary test, sentence comprehension test and two kinds of reading tests. Results showed that mothers' level of comprehension was relatively low but their reading ability was higher than that of elementary school first-grade Korean students. Comprehension of children in multi-cultural families with non-immigrant counterparts showed a lower level of language ability. Mother's level of expressive vocabulary, receptive vocabulary and reading ability correlated with children's language development. These results indicate a relationship between children's delayed language development in multi-cultural families and mother's low proficiency in Korean language.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.17-20
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• 2017

Purpose - This paper will go deep into the analysis of Korean Cultural industry development, and the result of the analysis shows that the cultural value of cultural product, competitive product lines and mature Market Mechanism are core competences of Korean Cultural industry. Research design, data, and methodology - This is a case study in the era of knowledge based economy, Cultural industry has become a new increasing point of economic development. Cultural industry, commonly regarded as an industry with high-ended value, is occupying more important role in economic development and social welfare promotion process. Results - Moreover the increasingly important role of cultural industry will hopefully help to promote industrial upgrading process and finally become a driving force for economic growth and technological innovation. During the process of cultural development, improving core competence of Cultural industry is a key consideration to help the development of Cultural industry in a positive way. Conclusions - From the study above, we find that in order to ensure sustainable development of Cultural industry, emphasis should be put on finding and improving core competence. Core competence of Korean Cultural industry is important and inspiring to the development of Chinese Cultural industry and regional integration in the East Asian area.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.835-840
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• 2003

Many various kinds of tourism resources have been distributed along the Nakdong river basin. Previous researches have focused mainly on environmental studies, including water quality control, industrial use of water, biodiversity, etc, with little research done in the field of tourism studies. Central to this study, therefore, is the identification and analysis, from the perspective of cultural tourism, of the area's distribution and characteristics of cultural properties registered by the MOCT. Review of related literature reveals : 1) spatial range bound with the jurisdiction of the river basin like DREO and NRBEO ; 2) analytical subjects limited to cultural properties designated by the three different administrative units of government, city and province. Along with the DREO's predominance over the NRBEO in the total number of cultural properties, the result finds that two cities, Andong and Gyeongju of Gyeongbuk are assigned ownership of most of the cultural properties under the jurisdiction of DREO, while Gyeongnam that of most of the ones under the NRBEO. However, those findings suggest the simple number of cultural properties with no significant level of importance and rarity value reflected. Therefore, future studies need to develop quantified modelling keeping cultural variables in mind and create cultural indices of the competitiveness of the local governments.