• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.63 no.6
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• pp.232-236
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• 2020

Background: Children today get access to smartphones at an early age. However, their ability to use mobile apps has not yet been studied in detail. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the ability of children aged 2-8 years to perform touchscreen gestures and follow prompting techniques, i.e., ways apps provide instructions on how to use them. Methods: We developed one mobile app to test the ability of children to perform various touchscreen gestures and another mobile app to test their ability to follow various prompting techniques. We used these apps in this study of 90 children in a kindergarten and a primary school in New Delhi in July 2019. We noted the touchscreen gestures that the children could perform and the most sophisticated prompting technique that they could follow. Results: Two- and 3-year-old children could not follow any prompting technique and only a minority (27%) could tap the touchscreen at an intended place. Four- to 6-year-old children could perform simple gestures like a tap and slide (57%) and follow instructions provided through animation (63%). Seven- and 8-year-old children could perform more sophisticated gestures like dragging and dropping (30%) and follow instructions provided in audio and video formats (34%). We observed a significant difference between the number of touchscreen gestures that the children could perform and the number of prompting techniques that they could follow (F=544.0407, P<0.05). No significant difference was observed in the performance of female versus male children (P>0.05). Conclusion: Children gradually learn to use mobile apps beginning at 2 years of age. They become comfortable performing single-finger gestures and following nontextual prompting techniques by 8 years of age. We recommend that these results be considered in the development of mobile apps for children.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.389-395
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• 2016

Korean cartoons, seeking an exit from economic distress, naturally entered the era of webtoons as the Internet arose in early 2,000s. Webtoons, a new concept of cartoon, are drawn mostly by oneself, whereas cartoons before were drawn with the help of many apprentices. This research demonstrates that webtoon artists are required to use many programs and fully understand the Internet environment in order to draw webtoons. This tough conditions pose many problems for an artist who should draw well and quickly under the circumstances. We are now at a stage where a simple webtoon program is needed and will go over alternatives. I have researched characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of webtoon's core programs such as Photoshop, Comicstudio, Cytool, and Clipstudio, and what would be the optimal functions for webtoons. I offer new programs that are optimized for story cartoons that can be utilized with webtoons.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.401-406
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• 1999

Secondary deformities of the lip and nose in individuals with repaired unilateral and bilateral clefts may vary in severity, depending on the state of the original defect, the care taken in the initial surgical procedure, the pattern of the patient's facial growth, and the effectiveness of interceptive orthodontic technique. Because each patient has a unique combination of deformities, their surgical reconstruction usually requires the modification and combination of several surgical techniques. Residual lip deformities after primary repair may be esthetic or functional and include scars, skin shortage or excess(vertical and transverse), orbicularis oris muscle malposition or diastasis. The key to accurate repair of secondary cleft lip deformities is a precise diagnosis. This requires observation of the patient in animation and repose. The quality of the scar is not the only factor determining the overall appearance of the lip. Observing the patient in the animated position is critical to assess muscular function. Factors that require precise analysis include lip length, the appearance of the Cupid's bow and philtrum, and nasal symmetry. Only after this detailed analysis can a decision be made as to wether a major or minor deformity exists. We report successful cases using various techniques for the secondary lip deformities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.602-607
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• 2002

In this paper, we proposed an approach to efficiently compress and transmit multiresoltion 3D lariat models for multimedia and very low bit rate applications. A personal facial model is obtained by a 3D laser digitizer, and further re-quantized at several resolutions according to different scope of applications, such as animation, video game, and video conference. By deforming 2D templates to match and re-quantize a 3D digitized facial model, we obtain its compressed model. In the present study, we create hierarchical 2D lariat wireframe templates are adapted according to facial feature points and the proposed piecewise chainlet affined transformation(PACT) method. The 3D digitized model after requantization are reduced significantly without perceptual loss. Moreover the proposed multiresoulation lariat models possessed of hierarchial data structure are apt to be progressively transmitted and displayed across internet.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.582-585
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• 2018

As traffic volume increases and road networks become more complicated, identifying for accurate traffic flow and driving smooth traffic flow are a concern of many countries. There are various analytical techniques and studies which desire to study about effective traffic flow. However, the necessary activity is finding the traffic flow pattern through data visualization including location information. In this paper aim to study a real-world urban traffic trajectory and visualize a pattern of traffic flow with a simulation tool. Our experiment is installing the sensor module in 40 taxis and our dataset is generated along 24 hours and unscheduled routes. After pre-processing data, we improved an open source traffic visualize tools to suitable for our experiment. Then we simulate our vehicle trajectory data with a dots animation over a period of time, which allows clearly view a traffic flow simulation and a understand the direction of movement of the vehicle or route pattern. In addition we further propose some novel timelines to show spatial-temporal features to improve an urban environment due to the traffic flow.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.535-541
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• 2005

The health of feet is connected with individual's health and affects a man's activity. Shoes need to be designed to protect feet and to absorb the impact of land. In order to choose suitable shoes for feet, the foot size and shape must be considered, so it is essential to grasp the exact size and shape of the foot. This study aims to present fundamental data on shoes' easy order prototype development for choosing shoes of good wearing comfort, by classifying feet size and shape junior high school boys in the early adolescent period. The subject were 234 Korean junior high school boys age from 14 to 16 years old. The subjects were directly measured anthropometrically and indirectly analyzed photographically. 6 factors were extracted through factor analysis and those factors comprised 79.42% of total variance. The factors characterizing foot girth and width, foot length, foot height, foot shape around the fifth toes, angle of foot breadth and foot shape around the first toes. 3 clusters as their foot shape were categorized using 6 factor scores by cluster analysis. Type 1 was characterized by long large foot with deformed first toe. Type 2 had smaller in foot girth, width and length than other types and with deformed fifth toe. Type 3 had average size and high foot shape. Shoes prototype which is to be developed later on will be able to generate 2D flattening in the foot sole form. Therefore, it would be a great support in producing and choosing appropriate shoes if forms are classified by subdividing foot form classification and extract a factor which shows only the foot sole shape.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.1672-1677
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• 2004

Leading edge extension(LEX) in a highly swept shape applied to a delta wing features the modem air-fighters. The LEX vortices generated upon the upper surface of the wing at high angle of attack enhance the lift force of the delta wing by way of increased negative suction pressure over the surfaces. The present 3-D stereo PIV includes the Identification of 2-D cross-correlation equation, stereo matching of 2-D velocity vectors of two cameras, accurate calculation of 3-D velocity vectors by homogeneous coordinate system, removal of error vectors by a statistical method followed by a continuity equation criterion and so on. A delta wing model with or without LEX was immersed in a circulating water channel. Two high-resolution, high-speed digital cameras($1280pixel{\times}1024pixel$) were used to allow the time-resolved animation work. The present dynamic stereo PIV represents the complicated vortex behavior, especially, in terms of time-dependent characteristics of the vortices at given measuring sections. Quantities such as three velocity vector components, vorticity and other flow information can be easily visualized via the 3D time-resolved post-processing to make the easy understanding of the LEX effect or vortex emerging and collapse which are important phenomena occurring in the field of delta wing aerodynamics.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.49-55
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• 2010

The analysis of menu preference by different users is one of the important issues in mobile interface design. Current mobile phones do not provide any functionalities to customize the user interface based on use history after they are released by manufacturers or mobile carriers. Though a number of functions are loaded into mobile devices, all the menus are uniformly presented to users regardless of menu preference, and it becomes a reason to decrease the usability of mobile interface. To improve this limitation, this paper suggests how to apply 3D visualization methods to mobile interface, depending on menu use history. In addition, for performance evaluation, 3D mobile interface system was implemented using 3D visualization methods such as depth, transparency, and animation. Finally, experiments for performance evaluation were performed in order to measure and compare menu search times.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.10 no.3 s.35
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• pp.55-64
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• 2005

The avatar can be used as an auxiliary methodology of text and image communications in cyber space. An intelligent communication method can also be utilized to achieve real-time communication, where intelligently coded data (joint angles for arm gestures and action units for facial emotions) are transmitted instead of real or compressed pictures. In this paper. for supporting the action of arm and leg gestures, a method of generating the facial expressions that can represent sender's emotions is provided. The facial expression can be represented by Action Unit(AU), in this paper we suggest the methodology of finding appropriate AUs in avatar models that have various shape and structure. And, to maximize the efficiency of emotional expressions, a comic-style facial model having only eyebrows, eyes, nose, and mouth is employed. Then generation of facial emotion animation with the parameters is also investigated.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.23-32
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• 2018

As the size of the construction industry becomes larger, there are many tries to change the construction education for growing the pre-engineering who has many directly experience. However, architectural construction education, which requires a lot of practical understanding, is still limited to educational textbooks and field trips. Therefore, this study proposed the development of educational contents which can indirectly experience by combining smart media such as time-lapse, video and animation. Also, we verified the effectiveness of contents developed based on usability, practicality(fitness of education), necessity, possibility of commercialization. We will contribute to enhance the effectiveness of education through building construction education contents that take advantage of contents based on this.