• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.51-68
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• 2000

To reveal when toddlers and children acquire the grammatical morpheme of Korean language, this study investigated the way they respond to some picture tasks. The object of this research was 174 children ranging from 18 months to 60 months, who were selected from two child-care centers located in Seoul and Gyeongi Province. Following the statistical analysis of the data, this study ascertained that 2-, and 3- year-old children acquire the most part of grammatical morphemes such as nouns, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, adjectives, and interrogation terms. The fact that the process of acquisition was significantly different among six age groups has proved the hypothesis of the gradual acquisition of grammatical morpheme.

• MALSORI
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• no.63
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• pp.67-84
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• 2007

Verb phrase could have two different meanings according to which is followed after verb; adverb or preposition. The meaning of 'verb+adverb' is deduced from a figurative meaning which is idiomatic expression, and 'verb+preposition' is interpreted as the literal meaning. The purpose of this study is to observe how English native speakers and Korean leaners of English distinguish two sentences of the same word strings with acoustic cues like pause and duration. According to the result, as pause was used for meaning distinction, it was likely that the pause length preceding prepositions was longer than that of following adverbs. To distinguish two sentences of the same word strings, all participants seemed to use pause, verb lengthening and adverb/preposition lengthening. Among them, there is a hierarchical significance; in sequence, pause, verb lengthening, adverb/preposition lengthening.

• Korean Linguistics
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• v.74
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• pp.1-24
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• 2017

This paper investigated -eullanjira sentence as a kind of construction of the Southwestern dialect in Korea. Five informants were selected to form the main corpus of -eullanjira. Through analyzing the corpus, its semantic, syntactic and morphological characteristics were figured out. Firstly, a view of construction grammar was adopted to capture the semantic and syntactic characteristics of -eullanjira. The construction of -eullanjira was established as "Xdo Yeullanjira Z". Syntactically, -do was found to be a common auxiliary particle, which allowed nouns, adverbs, verbs and adjectives to appear at the position of X, while only verbs and adjectives could appear at the position of Y. Subject-honorific, causative and passive prefinal endings could coexist with Y, while tense and modal prefinal endings could not. Z was an embedded clause, which had the semantic feature of [-DOUBT], meaning 'it should be done undoubtedly'. The formation of -eullanjira was next examined both diachronically and synchronically. It was found there was a conjuntive ending of Middle Korean, corresponding -eullanjira, namely, -landai. Finally, -eullanjira was newly analyzed as [[-eulla-]+[-n-ji-ra]].

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.559-564
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• 2002

Recently a number of social surveys on community response to environmental noises have been conducted. Since standardized noise annoyance scales were needed to compare the results from various areas. ICBEN(International Commission on Biological of Noise) Team 6 planned a international joint study and constructed comparable standardized noise annoyance scales using the same method. In Korea the survey was conducted in four areas such as Seoul, Taejon, Taegu and Kwangju. About 100 subjects participated in each area approximately. The 21 adverbs were first in the carly survey, and five verbal annoyance modifiers were finally constructed as follows; 1(Jeonhyo), 2(Jokm), 3(Bikyojerk)m, 4(Ajoo), 5(Umcheongnage)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Language and Information Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.77-94
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• 2001

본 논문은 영어에 있어 부사의 분포를 통사-의미론적으로 설명함을 목적으로 한다. 영어부사의 분포는 표면상 문장 내에서 매우 자유로운 듯하여 이 분포의 자유가 부사의 이동에 기인한다는 주장도 나왔으나, 본고에서 저자는 의미상 그리고 하위범주화상 부사의 이동은 있을 수 없음을 주장하고, 나아가 부사의 분포는 사실상 자유롭지 않고 매우 제한되어 있다는 언어학자들(Jackendoff(1972), Travis(1988), Cinque(1999))의 자료를 제시했다. 부사는 문장 내의 위치에 제한을 받을 뿐만이 아니라 부사들 사이의 상대적 순서에도 제한을 받는데 본고에서는 여러 학자들의 분석 중 가장 최근의 분석인 Cinque(1999)의 이론을 중점적으로 고찰하고 그 문제점을 지적했다. Cinque의 부사분포를 설명하려는 이론은 지나치게 복잡화된 기능범주투사를 필수요건으로 하는데 이는 통사적으로 너무 많은 값을 치루기에 비경제적이다. 저자는 부사의 의미유형에 따라 영향을 받는 부사의 상대적 순서 효과는 통사적 해결이 아니라 의미유형들의 작용역 관계에 기반한 의미적 해결을 하여야 하며, 부사의 문장 내 분포는 부사를 크게 세 가지 의미유형으로 나누고 이 각각의 의미유형이 최근 Chomsky에서 논의되고 있는 세 가지 국면에 사상된다고 가정하면 포착될 수 있다고 주장하였다.

• Language and Information
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-22
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• 2007

This paper examines tasi and tto, two Korean adverbs with roughly the same semantic value of again. It presents two empirical generalizations: (i) semantically tasi can mark the recovery of the original state, modifying an eventuality that is token-identical to a contextually-given eventuality, whereas tto is only limited to mark a simple repetition, thus modifying a type-identical event; (ii) functionally tasi can modify result states, but tto cannot. Then, it illustrates how the functional difference of result state modification can be accounted for by the notion of default events.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.65-70
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• 2009

This paper describes ongoing work on the correction of adverb errors committed by Korean learners studying English as a foreign language (EFL), using an automated English writing assessment system. Adverb errors are commonly found in learners 'writings, but handling those errors rarely draws an attention in natural language processing due to complicated characteristics of adverb. To correctly detect the errors, adverbs are classified according to their grammatical functions, meanings and positions within a sentence. Adverb errors are collected from learners' sentences, and classified into five categories adopting a traditional error analysis. The error classification in conjunction with the adverb categorization is implemented into a set of mal-rules which automatically identifies the errors. When an error is detected, the system corrects the error and suggests error specific feedback. The feedback includes the types of errors, a corrected string of the error and a brief description of the error. This attempt suggests how to improve adverb error correction method as well as to provide richer diagnostic feedback to the learners.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.605-610
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• 2003

Recently a number of social surveys on community response to environmental noises have been conducted. Since standardized noise annoyance scales were needed to compare the results from various areas, ICBEN(International Commission on Biological of Noise) Team 6 planned a international joint study and constructed comparable standardized noise annoyance scales using the same method. In Korea the survey was conducted in four areas such as Seoul, Taejon, Taegu and Kwangju. About 100 subjects participated in each area approximately. The 21 adverbs were first in the early survey, and five verbal annoyance modifiers were finally constructed as follows;. 1 (Jeonhyo), 2 (Jokm), 3 (Bikyojerk), 4 (Ajoo), 5 (Umcheongnage)

• Language and Information
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.83-104
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• 2002

I argue that Definiteness Effect (DE) should include Indefiniteness Restriction (IR) as well as Definiteness Restriction (DR). DR is exhibited by existential constructions, predicate nominals, inalienable possession constructions, and verbs with semantic features like 〔((CAUSE TO) COME TO) EXIST〕. IR is caused by some existence presupposition of aspectual adverbs, aspectual verbs, repetitives, and topic markers. The environments for DR and IR determine the (in)definiteness of Korean bare noun phrases which otherwise can be used either way. The neutralization of DR is also induced by focus which imposes a certain amount of structure on the event quantification. Van der Sandt's (1992) Presuppositions-as- Anaphora-Theory is effectively used to account for those examples from DR, ID, and the neutralization of BR.

• Language and Information
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.33-52
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• 2013

Some sentential adverbials in English, especially those which introduce evidentiality (hereafter evidential adverbials), such as apparently, purportedly, reportedly, and allegedly, exhibit what we call 'the perspective shift' in interrogatives: they are interpreted from the speaker's perspective in declaratives, but are interpreted from the addressee's perspective in interrogatives. To account for this phenomenon, we argue that English evidential adverbials are functions taking a proposition as its argument and returns a character in the sense of Kaplan (1989). We further show that, with this assumption, the perspective shift of evidential adverbials in interrogatives can be explained within the rather standard semantics of interrogatives (Hamblin 1973, among others) and of indexicals (Kaplan 1989).