• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.201-212
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• 1997

Objectives: We attempted to study sleep habits and insomnia-associated factors in Korean rural adult population. Methods : In 1,441 adult subjects of three rural communities selected by cluster sampling, we administered an epidemiologic survey using questionnaire methods from July 14, 1996 to July 28, 1996. Results : 1) Mean sleep latency and mean time to sleep again after awakening during nocturnal sleep were longer in females than in males. Females suffered more frequently from insomnia symptom, awakening during nocturnal sleep. morning headache, dysphoric mood in the morning, and the feeling of 'not refreshed' on waking-up than males. 2) The older age group (defined as those older than 65 years) was found to have earlier bed-time, longer sleep latency, more frequent nocturia, longer time to sleep again after awakening during nocturnal sleep, and more frequent insomnia symptom. 3) The presence of insomnia symptom more than once a week was significantly associated with suffering from physical illness, being divorced-separated-widowed, frequently feeling depressed, nocturia, or low education level. 4) In multiple logistic regression analysis, old age, being female, low education level, frequently feeling depressed, and nocturia were independently associated with the presence of insomnia symptom more than once a week. Conclusion : We conclude that, in a Korean rural adult population, insomnia symptom increases with age and females usually suffer more from insomnia symptom than males. In addition, low education level, feeling depressed mood frequently, and nocturia are found to be significantly associated independently with the presence of insomnia symptom more than once a week.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.227-234
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• 2006

There has been increasing concern in recent years about the occurrence, fate and toxicity of pharmaceutical products in aquatic environment. Although these compounds have been detected in a wide variety of environmental samples including sewage effluent, surface waters, ground water and drinking water, their concentrations generally range from the low ppt to ppb levels. It is therefore often thought to be unlikely that pharmaceuticals will have a detrimental effect on the environment. This study was conducted to determine the endocrine disruption effects of the several pharmaceutical residues in water using adult Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). The common antibiotics were used sulfa durgs (sulfamethoxazole and sulfamethazine) and tetracycline drugs (oxytetracycline and tetracycline). Positive control that was induced Vtg (vitellogenin) in male fish was used $17\beta$-estradiol. Vtg was qualified and quantified through Western blotting and ELISA. After SDS gel electrophoresis, the dominant protein band was identified to molecular weight approximately 205 kDa in whole body samples of vitellogenic female. In female medaka exposed to $17\beta$estradiol, there was no significant difference in total protein induction. In contrast, three to five day exposure of male fish to $17\beta$-estradiol resulted in more than 60.0% increase of total protein compared to that of control males (p<0.01). In case of antibiotics, female fish didn't show significant difference, but male fish was showed significant difference. In addition, Vtg induction in male fish was observed with all the test chemicals. On concentrations greater than 0.1 ppm of sulfamethoxazole, 1 ppm of sulfamethazine, 1 ppm of oxytetracycline and 20 ppm of tetracycline, Vtg induction was increased in a dose response manner. This study is one of the early reports suggesting potential endocrine disruption mechanism of antibiotic pharmaceutical products in aquatic ecosystem. Although the effect concentrations obtained from this study were high as unrealistically as in environments, it is endocrine disruption that we should be considered as one of the important consequences of pharmaceutical contamination at water environment, and warrants due attention in future researches.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.445-456
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• 1977

Author had experienced orthodontic cases that had been treated by the extraction of premolar at department of orthodontics, Tokyo Dental College. This report contains four cases which occlusion and profile were well improved by the orthodotic treatment. Four cases were all female. Two cases started orthodontic treatment at the age of puberty the other at adult. All the cases needed maximum anchorage. As a result, treatment were succeeded and profile was well advanced by growth and anchorage. In orthodontic treatment, the growth and anchorage are the KEY which lead to success. But the prediction of growth is very difficult.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.125-127
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• 2013

Coleophora virgaureae Stainton of Coleophoridae is reported for the first time from Korea, with a description and illustrations of the adult and genitalia are presented based on a single female specimen collected from Mt. Suri, Gyeonggi-do.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.316-319
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• 2013

In Korea, 104 species of Notodontidae have been recorded. The genus Odontosia H$\ddot{u}$bner is characterized by the elongate and serrate margin of its forewing and the prominent harpe of valva and many spinular cornuti on the vesica of the male genitalia and the robust ductus bursae and large, ovate and sclerotized corpus bursae of the female genitalia. Only one species of Odontosia, O. patricia Stichel, 1918, has been reported from Korea. In this paper, Odontosia sieversii ($M\acute{e}n\acute{e}tri\grave{e}s$, 1856) is newly added to the Korean fauna based on three male specimens collected at Mt. Bangtaesan, Gangwon-do, Korea. Diagnosis for the species and photographs of adult and genitalia of the genus Odontosia are provided.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.302-310
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• 2013

Orthodontic closure of old, edentulous spaces in the mandibular posterior region is a major challenge. In this report, we describe a method of orthodontic closure of edentulous spaces in the mandibular posterior region accelerated by piezoelectric decortication and alveolar ridge expansion. Combined piezosurgical and orthodontic treatments were used to close 14- and 15-mm-wide spaces in the mandibular left and right posterior areas, respectively, of a female patient, aged 18 years and 9 months, diagnosed with skeletal Class III malocclusion, hypodontia, and polydiastemas. After the piezoelectric decortication, segmental and full-arch mechanics were applied in the orthodontic phase. Despite some extent of root resorption and anchorage loss, the edentulous spaces were closed, and adequate function and esthetics were regained without further restorative treatment. Alveolar ridge expansion-assisted orthodontic space closure seems to be an effective and relatively less-invasive treatment alternative for edentulous spaces in the mandibular posterior region.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 1986

This study was measured experimentally the Configuration factor of the adult female with the purpose of explaning quantitatively the human body's radiant heat exchange in a small scale of a house. And it is a investigatio about human clothed body's heat resistance which have great influence on radiant heat exchange. The result of this study was diagrammatized the [Shape×Area Factor] for the sake of making it easy to calculate the quantity of the actual human body's radiant heat exchange, and designed a diagram to make it easy to find the value of the human clothed body's heat resistance and clothing surface temperature. Thus, this research can be used as a basic resource for not only calculating wuantitatively radiant heat exchange of human clothed body and unclothed body in the radiant heating system of low temperature but also designing the thermal environment in a room.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 1977

A 23 year-old female with skeleto-dentoalveolar protrusion of maxilla, minor broken contact points between anterior teeth, and missing of lower 1st molars, has been treated with multibanded edgewise technique. After treatment of 14 months, she has gained functional overbite-overjet relationship and facial harmony due to the retraction of upper anterior teeth. Root resorption was slight. Especially, us ing the space of missed lower 1st molars instead of extracting lower premolars, expected and favorable results were obtained.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.25 no.7 s.218
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• pp.673-678
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• 1987

Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory disease of adult onset. Current therapeutic modalities for severs oral erosive lichen planus are still generally unsatisfactory. A case of 53 year-old female patient with severe oral erosive lichen planus is reported in which the lesion showed the dramatic improvement without serious adverse effects upon using griseofulvin.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.512-519
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• 2005

Cerebral infarction without cerebravascular malformation in childhood is very uncommon. One case of cerebral infarction without cerebravascular malformation in childhood, with symptoms similar to those of an adult, was encountered. This female patient had no cerebravascular malformation and was just ten years-old. She was treated with herb medicine, acupunture treatment and physical treatment. After treatment she recovered from stroke symptoms but the primary cause of stroke was not revealed. Follow-up research is needed to determine the cause of stroke. Results suggest that oriental medical treatment had beneficial effects in treatment of cerebral infarction in this child.