• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.197-201
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• 2010

Osteopetrosis is a rare bone disease characterized by systemic osteosclerosis due to an osteoclast dysfunction that decreases bone resorption. This report demonstrates two cases of adult osteopetrosis with secondary osteomyelitis of the maxilla, in siblings who are 43-year old female and 55-year old, male respectively. The common radiographic features of these cases were increased radiopacity in skull, rib and vertebra. The radiographic features that differed between these two cases were the osteosclerotic pattern of the jaw bones, that is, diffuse patterns in the female case, while the male case showed nodular patterns that were confined to the root apices. The diagnosis of osteopetrosis may be complicated due to the varying degree of osteosclerosis on panoramic radiograph. Additional radiographs such as the chest and skull radiograph may be helpful for the diagnosis of osteopetrosis.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.77-80
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• 2011

To find out customers' consciousness by gender on satisfaction factors and preference in flower design of venues for the celebration of baby's first birthday, the survey was performed for 650 of adult male and female. The result shows that well designed flower design contributed to improvement in customers' satisfaction and increase in intention of reuse as well. The most influential factors in preference on flower design works were design harmony and color for male and design style and composition for female. Universal preferences of customers regardless of gender were as follows: Installation position preferred in flower design was in the sequence of table, entrance, platform, wall, and ceiling; plant preferred was Rosa hybrida; color preferred was pink; and bulky flower design were preferred.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2019

Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) is a major metabolite of curcumin, which is obtained from Curcuma longa. THC has various benefits and overcomes the bioavailability issue of curcumin. To establish it as a pharmacologically active molecule, its safety profile has to be determined. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the preclinical safety profile of THC in a 90-day subchronic and reproductive/developmental toxicity study in Wistar rats. THC at oral doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg was administered daily for 90 days. Rats in the recovery group were kept for 14 days after treatment termination. The animals were observed for treatment-related morbidity, mortality, and changes in clinical signs, clinical pathology, and histopathology. In the reproductive/developmental toxicity study, THC at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg was administered orally to rats and the reproductive/developmental parameters in adult male and female rats and pups were observed. THC at up to 400 mg/kg/day of did not have any significant effect on all parameters in male and female rats in both toxicity studies. Thus, 400 mg/kg/day can be considered as the no-observed-adverse-effect-level of THC in rats.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.419-427
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the esthetic preference for various Korean silhouette profiles. Methods: The Korean average male and female profiles were modified by changing the lower facial height and anteroposterior lip position to produce nine types of profiles. In order to test intrarater reliability, the average profile was copied once more to be included for evaluation. A questionnaire containing 10 profiles for each sex, each of which had to be rated for preference on a numerical rating scale from 0 to 10, was administered to 30 adult orthodontic patients, 30 dental students, 30 orthodontists, and 30 dentists excluding orthodontists. The data were statistically analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA. Results: The ICC of overall intrarater reliability was 0.629. For several profiles, significantly higher scores were given to male profiles than to female profiles (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were found in the scores for all profiles among the four rater groups. Among the short profiles, a significantly higher score was given to the retruded profile, and among the vertically average and long profiles, a significantly higher score was given to the horizontally average profile (p < 0.001). Among all the profiles, significantly lower scores were given to the protruded profile (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study revealed good overall intrarater reliability, with several types of male profiles being esthetically preferred over female profiles. Moreover, while retruded and horizontally average profiles were generally preferred, protruded profiles were not.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-39
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• 1971

The purpose of present study was to investigate the possibility to immunize guineapigs and swine against Metastrongylus apri infection by the administration of irradiated infective larvae. Four main experiments were undertaken. Firstly, three groups of infective larvae irradiated at $3{\times}10^4r$, $4{\times}10^4r$, and $5{\times}10^4r$ respectively were inoculated to guineapigs and their immunogenic effects were examined from the clinical, anatomical, and serological viewpoints to decide the optimal dose of X-ray for the atenuation of them. Secondly, the migratory behavior of the larvae irradiated at the optimal dose was compared with that of normal infective larvae. Thirdly, pigs were inoculated with each 5,000 infective larvae irradiated at the optimal dose and the clinical, anatomical and serological responses of them before and after challenge were examined. Fourthly, the heated extract of adult M. apri which had been used as an antigen in the serological examinations was analyzed and compared with that of adult Ascaris suis and of adult Trichuris suis by immunoelectrophoretic method. The results obtained are summerized as follows: 1) The optimal dose of X-ray for the atenuation of the infective larvae which can minimize the pathogenecity but keep the antigenecity of the infective larvae was $5{\times}10^4r$. 2) Guineapigs could become completely resistant to subsequent challenge infection by the administration of 1,000 infective larvae irradiated at $5{\times}10^4r$, without showing any symptom of disease before and after the challenge. 3) There were some indication that guineapigs could acquire complete immunity after they overcome the infection with normal infective larvae. 4) It was shown that, in guineapigs, the $5{\times}10^4r$-irradiated larvae can migrate to the large intestine and mesenteric lymph node within a day, where they stay for as long as 16 days to stimulate the host's immunity. 5) It also was shown that, in guineapigs, the normal infective larvae challenged to resistant guineapigs can migrate to the large intestine and mesenteric lymph node, where they are affected by the immune mechanism of host within 10 days without further migration. 6) Pigs could become partially resistant to subsequant challenge by the administration of 5,000 infective larve irradiated at $5{\times}10^4r$; no clinical symptom occurred after the administration, but milder symptoms of parasitic bronchitis were observable after the challenge infection and fewer number of worms were detected from the lungs at autopsy compared with severe symptoms and much number of worms in control pigs. 7) It was shown that, in pigs, a few of the $5{\times}10^4r$-irradiated larvae can migrate to the lungs, where they stay for as long as 104 days in stunted and sterile states; their body-lengths were short and their uteri developted no eggs. 8) There was evidence that the male larvae were more susceptible to X-ray than the female larvae. 9) Antibodies relating to the administration with $5{\times}10^4r$-irradiated or normal larvae were detected from the sera of both guineapigs and pigs by means of indirect haemagglutination and agar diffusion precipitin tests. Relatively higher antibody titers were recorded by the former test, but precipitin bands were demonstrable only when the positive sera were concentrated in one tenth of original volume in the later one. 10) The antibody titers of pig sera began to rose on 14 days, kept their peak during the period from 14 th day to 21st day, and fell to a low level on 28 days after the administration of $5{\times}10^4r$ or normal infective larvae. 11) A slight increase in gamma globublin of the pig sera occurred following the administration. The gamma globulin level showed a tendency to fluctuate in acordance with the antibody level. 12) A marked eosionophilia occurred in pigs on 7 or 14 days following the administration. The eosinophil count showed the same tendency to fluctuate as the gamma globulin did. 13) It was shown that the serum antibodies detected by the heated extract of adult Metastrongylus apri react crossly with the heated extract of adult Ascaris suis but not with that of adult Trichuris suis in indirect haemagglutination and agar diffusion preciption reactions. 14) The heated extract of adult Metastrongylus apri could he divided into 9 antigenic components by immunoelectrophoresis, one (arc 4) of which was shown to be common to both extracts of adult Ascaris suis and adult Trichuris suis, and the other one (arc 9) to only the extract of adult Ascaris suis.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.251-255
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• 2011

Objectives One aspect of undesirable outcomes in orthodontic treatment includes excessive resorption of dental roots with mechanotherapy. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between treatment duration, adult and adolescent, gender, extraction and non-extraction root resorption after orthodontic treatment. Methods The subjects consisted of 140 orthodontic patients(adult : 70, adolescent : 70) who treated by standard edgewise technique at the three orthodontic hospital and clinic in seoul. Pre-treatment and post-treatment periapical radiographs were examined. The amount of root resorption was assessed for six anterior teeth according to criteria modified from Lupi et al root resorption score. Results Treatment duration was 24.7 months in the adult group and 33.5 months in the adolescents group. Between adult and adolescents group were significantly difference of mean of root resorption score(p<0.05). Female group and extraction group usually had higher prevalence of root resorption, but were not significant differences between the each groups(p>0.05). Conclusions When viewing these results, a lot of root resorption in adult patients appears, especially the maxillary central incisor, lateral incisor root resorption during orthodontic treatment occurs, so be careful and do more research to be done is suggested.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2013

The aim of the present study is to investigate food consumption, hatching periods, adult mortality, the mean number of hatchlings and ovipositional trend of Gryllus bimaculatus De Geer. The rearing and experiments were conducted in the rearing room ($28{\pm}2^{\circ}C$, $60{\pm}10%$RH). As the adult rearing density increased from 50 to 400, it did not affect the average daily food consumption of adult crickets which was $0.067{\pm}0.008$ g a day. However, the daily radish consumption decreased from 0.128 to 0.068 g per day. 95.8% of eggs hatched by the sixth day after the beginning of hatching. The average mortality of the adults gradually increased, and reached 93.9% by the 8th week. Total number of hatchlings per female was $172.2{\pm}10.6$ ($mean{\pm}SD$) in 200 females rearing cages, which was noticeably less than $248.8{\pm}17.8$ ($mean{\pm}SD$) in 100 females rearing cages. Sex ratio of the crickets given in the rearing cages did not affect both the number of hatchlings and ovipositon rate. Oviposition rate periodically fluctuated as progressed, and it reached 81.5% of the total oviposition by the $3^{rd}$ week since the beginning of ovipoisiton.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2009

Metabolic syndrome, defined as the clustering of several metabolic disorders including obesity (waist circumference ${\geq}90$ if male or ${\geq}80$ if female, cm), dyslipidemia ($TG{\geq}150$ or HDL-C<40 if male or <50 if female, mg/dl), hypertension ($BP{\geq}130/85mmHg$) and hyperglycemia (fasting plasma $glucose{\geq}110mg/dl$), increases the cardiovascular risk of the general population. Recently, risk of this syndrome arises in young adults world widely. Therefore, we randomly selected and evaluated the risk of metabolic syndrome of total 43 people (group I-22, group II-21) for 2 years. Group I was 22 peoples (15 males, 7 females) with age of 22 thru 35 year old (average 28 year old) and group II was 21 people (19 male, 2 female) with age of 22 thur 32 years old (average 24 year old) in Cheongju area from March 1st thru 30th of 2008 in Cheongju area from September 1st thru 30th of 2007 in order to find out how serious this phenomenon is in young adult of Korea. 13.95% (n=7) of total people has a metabolic syndrome by NCEP/ATPIII definition among this group (group I-6, group II-1). Those of 6 have 3 or over risk factor for metabolic syndrome such as obesity, hypertension, fasting blood glucose and hypetriglyceridemia at the same time (group I-5, group II-1). Group I have more risk factor because of more higher age than group II. Therefore we need aggressively to monitor and provide them for early diagnosis, educational programs and assistance for lifestyle changes in order to prevent metabolic syndrome among young adults.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.370-379
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• 2018

Objectives: Bisphenol A (BPA) has been extensively used in a variety of consumer products, resulting in widespread non-occupational human exposure. It is often detected in the human body. Studies have reported many health effects associated with endocrine and metabolic disruptions, including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. This study was performed to explain the relationship between BPA exposure and obesity in the Korean adult population. Methods: The second stage of the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNHES) was conducted from 2012 to 2014 with 6,478 persons participating. Using the results of the survey, we analyzed the exposure levels for BPA and the influence on obesity of BPA. Results: In model 1, the volume-based measure concentration of BPA, total, female and the 30s to 60s age group were positively related with BMI. In model 2, creatinine adjusted as a covariate and positive associations for BPA with BMI were observed in the female group and was marginally significantly associated in low body weight group. In model 3, creatinine adjusted (g/g-creatinine), BPA exposure, and BMI were positively related with sex, in females, and there was a marginally significant association with the low body weight group in the BMI categories. BMI was significantly associated with BPA in the female group in all three models. Conclusion: This study added further evidence that exposure to EDCs, include bisphenol A, is related with obesity among the general population. Given the environmental health concerns over BPA, it is necessary to develop comprehensive measures to reduce BPA exposure.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.226-231
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• 2003

The contour of mandibular angle is important for facial esthetics in the oriental population, because the wide and square face is thought to have had an unhappy life. A prominent mandibular angle produces a characteristics quardrangle, coase, and muscular appearance. So, uni- or bi-lateral mandibular angle reduction is usually performed. However, there is little guideline for bi-lateral angle reduction. So, this study was to investigate the pattern of Korean mandibular angle for bi-lateral mandibular angle reduction as guideline. This study was included 66 adult men and women over 19 years old who are having the normal mandibular angle. We measured the posterior border, angle, and inferior border of mandible using cephalometric view. The results of study was as followed : 1. The ratio of posterior mandible was 96.6, 97.3% in male, and 103.0, 106.0% in female. 2. The ratio of mandibular angle(R1-Go/R1-R2) was 120.2% in male, and 117.3% in female. 3. The ratio of inferior mandible(D5, 6, 7, E, F, G/D4) was 97.3, 90.9, 79.5, 65.2, 57.8, 46.9% in male, and 98.5, 91.2, 80.5, 67.6, 59.1, 50.2% in female. The results of this study should be useful to decide accurate amount of reduction.