• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2020

Objectives : To analyze the contents of ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫ and study the standard posture in context of Korean Medicine. Methods : Analyzed the terms related to the name, body region and orientation of Three Yin and Three Yang used in ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫ to deduce the standard posture of the description. ≪Lingshu·Jingmai≫ was used as supplementary data. Results : The term "Three Yin and Three Yang" in ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫ is used to indicate regions of the human body, and based on this, terms with orientation were used. Just like 'anatomical position', there is a standard posture in Korean Medicine, and it may seem to be similar overall, but there is a difference in posture in the upper extremity. In ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫, Greater Yang is the dorsal region, Lesser Yang is the lateral surface region, Yang Brightness is the anterior surface region of the human body. In the body trunk, Three Yin refers to the inner parts of the human body. However, in the lower extremity, Three Yin refers to the medial surface of the legs. The name of the individual Meridian-muscle was given following the region corresponding to Three Yin and Three Yang. In ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫, there is a basic posture that became the standard posture derived from the description. In an upright standing position, the feet face forward, the fingers naturally extended, and the back of the hand faces outward. The fact that the posture of the thumb is naturally extended is especially reflected in ≪Lingshu·Jingjin≫. This is clearly different from the "anatomical position" and as it can be the base of all areas of acupuncture, it is suggested that it be defined as the "Standard Position of Acupuncture Medicine". Conclusions : Based on our analysis, we suggest the "Standard Position of Acupuncture Medicine" as an upright standing position, with the feet facing forward, the fingers naturally extended, the back of the hand facing outward, and the thumb naturally extended.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.16
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• pp.35-58
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• 2001

The letter of credit is quintessentially international. In the absence of international legal system, a private system based on banking practices has evolved, commanding the adherence of the international letter of credit community and providing the foundation of th reputation of this instrument. To maintain this international system, it is vital that international standard banking practice should not be subject to local interpretations that misconstrue or distort it. The UCP is a formulation of international standard banking practice. It is neither positive law nor a "contract term" in any traditional sense and its interpretation must be consonant with its character as a living repositary of international understanding in this field. As a result, the interpretation and application of specific articles of the UCP must be consistent with its evolving character and history and with the principles upon which sound letter of credit practice is predicated. This study, especially, focuses on article 13 of the UCP500 and 95UCC 5-108. Both articles introduce a standard of document examination to be used by banks to determine whether they comply facially with the terms of the credit. While, in the UCP, this standard is called international standard banking practices, in the UCC, this standard is called standard practices. I think that both standards are not same. Thus, first, this study look for categories of both standards and scope of application. the second subject is how can issuing bank act in the face of non-documentary condtion under this standard of document examination. Third is correlation between the principle of Strice Compliance and the standard.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.474-483
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical properties of hams obtained from loin and tenderloin cuts from standard pigs and sows. pH levels of loin ham before cooking, standard pig was significantly lower than that of sow (p<0.001). The lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) values of loin ham from standard pigs were significantly higher than those of sow loin ham (p<0.001). The water-holding capacity (WHC) and curing yield of sow loin was significantly higher than standard loin (p<0.01). The cooking loss of standard pig loin ham was significantly higher than that of sow loin ham (p<0.01). Differences in sensory quality evaluation, except in the case of tenderness, for the two loin hams were not significant. pH levels of tenderloin ham before cooking, standard pig was significantly lower than that of sow (p<0.001). Redness (a*) values of before and after cooking tenderloin ham of sow was higher than that of standard pig (p<0.001). L* values of tenderloin ham of standard pig was significantly higher than that of sow (p<0.001). WHC and curing yield of tenderloin ham from sow was significantly higher than that from a standard pig (p<0.001, p<0.05). The cooking losses of sow and standard pig tenderloin ham were 26.06% and 28.31%, respectively (p<0.001). Differences in sensory quality evaluation, except in the case of tenderness and color, for the two tenderloin hams were not significant. In conclusion, sow pigs loin and tenderloin is suitable for ham product more than standard pigs loin and tenderloin.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.4D
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• pp.553-560
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• 2008

As it was developed to korea standard of the CAD Drawing in Construction CALS/EC for the productivity Improvement in Construction Industry and efficiency rising of construction management. it is high time to design the standard system in water resources. The purpose of this study is to establish the strategies for standard system of drawing information in water Resources parts for construction CALS/EC. This study is to analyse the existing construction drawing standards including CMS, CMMS, drawing guideline of a water Resources public institution, ISO, US National CAD Standard, Japanese Standard. As a result of the analysis, this study proposes the prime structure of the water Resources drawing information standard to support construction CALS/EC. For the establishment of standard system in real practice, this study establishes the numbering system to joint the current standard system for a water Resources order institution and to keep construction CALS/EC. In conclusion, the standard system of drawing information is proposed as a fundamental frame to water Resources parts of construction CALS/EC.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 2010

Japanese cedar has low density and poor mechanical performance. Manufacturing glue-laminated timber (glulam) is the best way to compensate for its poor mechanical performance. The Korean Standard (KS) confines outermost lamina of glulam to higher grade than E8, but the yield of higher than grade E8 from logs is only 6.5%. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of non-Korean-Standard glulam in structural applications. Allowable stresses determined by both hand-calculation and Monte-Carlo simulation show a higher allowable stress than that of the KS-standard glulam of 6S-22B. In the Korean Standard (KS), knot characteristics are not taken into account. Japanese cedar has relatively small knots. We believe that the small knots in Japanese cedar contribute to a higher allowable stress than the KS-standard glulam would predict. The species classification of KS is required to be further subdivided into sub-species groups based on knot characteristics.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.236-239
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• 2009

Since 1990s, we have achieved a certain level of success in standardization of design, construction, and material on housing and public buildings with the national-level promotion. A practical connecting device that can synthesize all the serial processes is required to maximize the effect of construction material standardization. However, desired outcome of the standardization is not achieved yet because these serial standards and notification practices are decided by each part of the process and some are congested. In this study, we aim to improve a general organizational system of Korean Industrial Standard (KS) which is the most fundamental tool for the standardization of construction materials moving from a conventional idea that the standard is only for the material and components producers to a concept that can also be shared by the designers and construction workers. To achieve this, we propose an improvement plan for the Korean Industrial Standard in the perspective of three-tier classification system.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.595-596
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• 2015

Growing demand for traditional Korean housing, modernized Korean traditional housing (Hanok) was developed as a way of providing Hanok for the public. However, the standard cost data for Hanok has limitations, as it was developed based on single mock-up project actually constructed and verified by another mock-up Hanok. In order to meet these research objectives, daily report composition which is easy-to-use for on-site workers and managers and also easy-to-accumulate standard cost data was developed first. Secondly, access to the system was made easy through a web server. Finally, an automated calculation formula was inserted to allow the last inputted data to be automatically included for adjustment of standard costs. This system was designed from an industry perspective so that any unspecified and nonprofessional users can easily use. For the users, it has an advantage that on-site workers are provided with a daily report system through web server and also they are able to complete such reports through simple input and output without any additional forms.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.417-422
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• 1999

Purpose : The aim of this study was to assess the validity of standard deviation of gray scale histogram in digital subtraction radiography as a test parameter for superimposition error. Materials and Methods : Twenty periapical radiographs were used as baseline images and they were copied to exclude the influence of exposure geomety and contrast differences. These subsequent images were linearly displaced by 0.1-0.5 mm in the x-. y- and xy-directions, rotated by 0.5-3° and distorted by angular contraction of 1-5° in x- and y-axis before subtraction. The standard deviations of gray levels in the subtraction images were obtained and paired t-tests were performed. Pearson correlation coefficients(r) were calculated between the standard deviations and the superimposition errors. Results : Linear displacement showed high correlation coefficients of 0.997, 0.997 and 0.995 in x-. y- and xy-axis respectively. Statistically significant different standard deviation existed among all linearly displaced groups(p<0.05). Distortion showed relatively low correlation coefficients of 0.982 and 0.959 in x- and y-axis. The standard deviations between the two distortion groups were statistically significant different(p<0.05). Conclusion : Standard deviation of gray level distribution in digital subtraction images is satisfactory but not perfect similarity measure to assess the superimposition errors.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.1071-1080
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• 2003

A national standard system was developed in order to calibrate and test the oil flowmeters for the petroleum field. A stop valve and a gyroscopic weighing scale were employed for the primary standard of the flow quantity. It is operated by the standing start and finish mode and the static weighing method. The model equation for uncertainty evaluation was based on the calibration principle of standard system. The sources of the uncertainties were quantified and combined according to the GUM(Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement). It was found that the standard system had the relative expanded uncertainty of 0.04 % in the range of 18 - 350 ㎥/ｈ. According to the uncertainty budget, the uncertainties of the fluid density and the volume of pipeline, which were temperature dependent, contributed 92% of final uncertainty in the oil flow standard system.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.233-236
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• 2004

Total impurity analysis of a primary standard solution is one of the essential procedures to determine an accurate concentration of the standard solution by the gravimetry. Bi impurity is determined in Pb standard solutions by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The direct nebulization of the Pb standard solution produces a significant amount of the Pb matrix-induced molecular ions which give rise to a serious spectral interference to the Bi determination. In order to avoid the spectral interference from the interferent $^{208}PbH^+$, the hydride generation method is employed for the matrix separation. The Bi hydride vapor is generated by reaction of the sample solution with 1% sodium borohydride solution. The vapor is then directed by argon carrier gas into the ICP after separation from the mixture solution in a liquid-gas separator made of a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane tube. The presence of 1000 ${\mu}$g/mL Pb matrix caused reduction of the bismuthine generation efficiency by about 40%. The standard addition method is used to overcome the chemical interference from the Pb matrix. Optimum conditions are investigated for the hydride-generation ICPMS. The detection limit of this method is 0.5 pg/mL for the sample solutions containing 1000 ${\mu}$g/mL Pb matrix.