• 한국임상보건과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2014

Purpose. For a more efficient hospital management, this study aims to provide basic data so that the hospital management and staff in charge of hospital administration may systematically classify and collect hospital information, by analyzing the ordinary characters of an upper-level general hospital system and its common-type balance sheet, common-type profit and loss statement and financial ratio. Methods. By using information about an upper-level general hospital in C Province, provided by Alio(www.alio.go.kr), a public organization information provision site, Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service(www.hira.or.kr) and Ministry of Health and Welfare(www.mw.go.kr), this study analyzed 3 year's data from 2010 to 2012 and provided basic data by analyzing the ordinary characters of an upper-level general hospital system, and its common-type balance sheet, common-type profit and loss statement and financial ratio. Results. After analyzing the ordinary characters, common-type balance sheet, common-type proft and loss statement and financial ration of this general hospital, based on the 2010 to 2012 data, this study came to the following conclusions. Firstly, out of all the 1,069 hospital staff, there were 272 doctors working for 24 medical departments, out of whom the majority was 33 physicians. Most of the nurses were third-class ones, and about 2,000 outpatients and 600 inpatients on average were treated per day. Secondly, as a result of analyzing the common-type balance sheet, this study discovered that intangible assets out of fixed assets accounted for 41%, the majority, out of which usable and profitable donation asset buildings were of great importance, and the liquid assets increased more in 2012 than 2011. In the financial structure, the ratio of liquid liabilities was over 50% out of all the liabilities in 2012, and the ratio of purchase payables was high as well. The ratio of fixed liabilities reached up to 40%, out of which the retirement benefit appropriation fund was quite high. The capital was over 80%, but the surplus was in a deficit state. Compared to the capital, the ratio of total liabilities was about 90%, which indicates the financial structure of this general hospital was vulnerable. Thirdly, as a result of analyzing the common-type profit and loss statement, this study found out that the medical profits from inpatients were higher than profits from outpatients. The material cost was related to the medical quality of this general hospital, and it was as high as 30% out of the total costs and was about 45% of the labor cost. This general hospital showed 10% in the ratio of non-medical profits, and it seemed because of government subsidies. The ratios of medical profits and current net income were gradually changing for the better in 2012, compared to 2011. Lastly, as a result of analyzing the financial ratio, it was found that the liquidity ratio kept decreasing, from 110.7% in 2010 and 102.0% in 2011 to 77.2% in 2012. Besides, it was analyzed that the liquidity ratio and the net working capital ratio greatly decreased, while the quick ratio and the liquid ratio kept decreasing. Conclusions. 1. It is necessary to take the risk management into more consideration, and particularly, it is needed to differentiate and manage the levels of risk in detail. 2. By considering the fact that investments into hospital infrastructures were mostly based on liabilities, it is needed to deal with the scale of losses when evaluating risks. 3. By reflecting the character that investments into hospital infrastructures were based on liabilities, it is necessary to consider the ratio of ordinary profits as well as the ratio of operating profits to sales, and it is also important to consider sales productivity factors, such as the sales amount per a sickbed, by comparing them with other hospitals. As for limitations of this study, there may be some problems in terms of data interpretation because of the lack of information about the number of inpatients and the number of outpatients per year, which are needed for the break-even point analysis. Besides, to suggest a direction for the improvement of hospital management through analyses, non-financial factors should be reflected, such as the trend of economy, medical policies, and politic backgrounds. However, this study only focused on the common-type balance sheet, common-type profit and loss statement and financial ratio, so this study is actually limited to generalizing all the factors by analyzing public data only.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.40-68
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• 2001

In this study, grade of subjective symptom appealed by laborer of Jeollabuk-do was evaluated using questionary regarding factor made effect on musculoskeletal disease and in addition, studied relationship with health promotion life style of them. Based on the result, relationship of general characteristics of musculoskeletal subjective symptom and life-style of the subjects was concluded as below. 1. General characteristics of study subjects were as following. Ratio of male was higher as 57.7% of male and 42.2% female and age distribution was 5.1% of 20s, 34.99% of 30s, 36.3% of 40s and 23.7% of 50s and therefore, $30{\sim}40$ aged groups showed highest ratio. Most subjects (74.9%) was married status and in case of education level, high-school graduate and dropout (23.3%) and over-college graduate (46.8%) showed highest distribution. $1{\sim}2$ Mil. KRW (29.5%) and $2{\sim}2.99$ Mil. KRW (21.2%) is the main income distribution and however there was high ratio of non-reply (29.0%). In case of employment period, $10{\sim}14$ years (15.3%) and over 15 years (29.6%) showed highest ratio and there were many non-reply (39.4%) and in addition, 67.6% replied as own house and 14.3% as lease on deposit base in question of residence type. 2. Subjects showed high ratio of subjective symptom appeal of 62.79% and many cases (50.23%) appealed 1 or 2 symptoms. Symptom by body region was 29.8% (waist), 27% (shoulder), 21.2% (knee), 15.5% (neck), 9.5% (ankle), 8.1% (wrist) and 5.0% (elbow) in order. In case of relationship with general characteristics, female comparing with male, non-residence of own house, subjects with lower education level and employment period of $10{\sim}14$ years showed higher appeal rate and kind of symptoms than others. Therefore, it was concluded that rate of musculoskeletal symptom appeal have close relationship with gender, level of living, education level, age and employment period. 3. In case of severe pain of upper body except waist and ankle, it was appealed in both or right side and it means that upper body pain is originated from right side and right region pain is transited to both region pain. In addition, there was 39.41% of non-reply to existence of right-left region pain and therefore, it was evaluated that, in may cases, there was no awareness of their own symptom condition even on subjective symptom. 4. Degree of pain was, as pain over middle level, evaluated as 2.79 on full mark of 4.0 and in order of waist (2.97), ankle (2.83), knee (2.82), wrist (2.82), neck (2.79), shoulder (2.70) and elbow (2.62). In addition, 71.97% appealed $2{\sim}3$ cases for the latest 1 week. Owing to subjective symptom, 54.95% drop into hospital or pharmacy, 10.32% made temporary retirement or absence, 7.99% transferred into more comfortable duty and $39.4{\sim}54%$ experienced one or more managing mentioned above. 5. Fulfillment of health promotion life style of subjects was evaluated on full mark of 4.0 and total score was 2.63. Average mark of each area was personal relationship (3.05), self-realization (2.92), stress management (2.63), health control (2.48), physical exercise (2.19) and nutrition management (2.19) and personal relationship was highest and physical exercise and nutrition management were lowest. As general characteristics influencing health promotion life style, gender, residence style and employment period showed significant difference. Male showed higher mark than female and showed higher mark in order of own house, others, lease on deposit base, monthly rent. Subjects with longer employment period showed higher mark with significant difference. 6. Accounting of factor influencing each area of health promotion life style, self-realization showed significance in marriage status, income, residence style and education level and health control in age, residence style and employment period. Physical exercise showed significant difference in gender, age, residence style and employment period and nutrition in gender, age, residence style and employment period. Stress management showed significant difference in residence style and employment period and however not in personal relationship. 7. Health promotion life style relating with existence and kind of pain showed significant difference in all area except personal relationship area. In absence of pain, there was statistically significant high score in all area even in total health promotion life style and all area. Accounting of kind of pain, cases of $1{\sim}2$ kinds of pain and $5{\sim}6$ kinds of pain showed relatively high score and it was lower than mark of subject stated absence of pain. 8. Subjects appeal symptom were classified by symptom region and difference of total and each areas were evaluated. General area (p=0.002), self-realization (p=0.012), health management (p=0.023), physical exercise (p=0.028), nutrition management (p=0.028) and stress control (p=0.001) showed statistically significant difference and not in personal relationship area. Especially, elbow, shoulder and neck area marked high and group appealed pain of knee, arm and elbow, foot and ankle marked low. Based on those results, subjective symptom should be accounted seriously in diagnosis of occupational musculoskeletal disease of laborer and among subjective symptom, general characteristics of gender, age, condition of living, education level and employment period make effect. Generally subject appeal symptom marked lower than subject without symptom appeal and it means that life management of subject appealing musculoskeletal pain make important role in management and treatment of occupational musculoskeletal disease.

• 한국노년학
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.199-211
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• 2019

본 연구는 노인을 전기노인과 후기노인으로 구분하고 선호하는 여가의 수행여부에 따른 여가만족도와 여가수행도의 차이를 비교분석하는데 목적이 있다. 분석을 위해 국민연금연구원의 제 6차 국민노후보장패널조사(KReIS) 부가조사 데이터를 이용하였다. 최종 분석 대상자는 전기노인 2,212명, 후기노인 1,985명으로 총 4,197명의 데이터를 분석하였으며 그 결과, 전기노인(6.83시간/7.39시간)에 비해 후기노인(7.64시간/7.81시간)의 주중 및 주말 여가시간이 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 참여하고 있는 여가활동유형은 전기노인과 후기노인에서 요일에 관계없이 휴식활동이 80%이상(TV 시청 및 라디오듣기 70% 이상)을 차지하였다. 선호여가 수행여부에 따른 여가수행도와 여가만족도 결과, 주중의 경우 선호하는 여가를 수행하고 있지 않은 후기노인의 여가수행도가 더 높았고, 주말의 경우에는 선호여가 수행여부와 관계없이 후기노인의 여가수행도가 높았다. 여가수행도의 경우에는 전기노인과 후기노인에서 수행도가 매우 높게 나타났으며, 여가만족도의 경우, 전기노인과 후기노인에서 모두 보통으로 응답하였고 전기노인의 여가만족도가 유의미하게 높았다. 여가변화요구도의 경우 선호여가 수행여부나 요일에 관계없이 전기노인의 여가변화요구도가 유의미하게 높게 나타났지만 두 집단의 응답 점수는 변화하고 싶지않음에 가까웠다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 전기노인과 후기노인의 여가만족을 향상시키고 여가수행을 지속하기 위한 여가제약요인을 고려한 프로그램 개발 및 건강관리제도 도입과 같은 실천적인 움직임이 이어야 할 것이다. 또한 전기노인과 후기노인의 여가활동 현황이나 유형분석에서 더 나아가 여가참여에 영향을 주는 주관적 요소 등의 질적인 측면을 고려한 체계적인 조사척도 연구의 필요성을 강조하고자 한다.

• 한국노년학
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.197-216
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• 2020

본 연구는 노인들의 여가활동 제약요인들을 살피고, 특정 제약요인을 가진 노인들의 여가만족도를 높이기 위해서 실천적 측면에서 노인의 특성과 욕구에 기반 한 여가활동을 제안하고 정책적 지원 방안을 마련 할 목적으로 수행되었다. 노후보장패널 6차 부가조사자료를 활용하여 65세 이상 노인들 가운데 경제적 부담과 건강문제로 여가활동에 제약을 경험한다고 응답한 3167케이스를 분석하였다. 여가활동의 제약요인 집단별 여가만족도의 영향요인을 분석하기 위하여 인구사회적 특성(나이, 성별, 교육, 혼인상태, 독거여부, 지역, 적정생활비수준, 건강상태), 여가관련 변인(여가시간, 여가동기), 여가활동 변인(선호 활동, 비선호 활동)을 단계적으로 위계선형 회귀 모형에 입력하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 노인 여가활동의 주요한 제약원인으로는 경제적 부담과 건강 문제가 압도적으로 높았다. 둘째, 세 집단(재정취약집단, 건강취약집단, 재정+건강취약집단) 간의 여가관련 변인에서 차이가 나타났다. 여가활동 만족 수준은 재정취약집단이 가장 높게, 다음으로 건강취약집단, 재정+건강취약집단의 순서로 나타났다. 여가시간은 재정취약집단에서 가장 짧았으며, 여가동기에서는 재정취약집단에서 가족 및 주변 관계 때문이라는 응답은 높았으며, 건강유지라는 응답은 상대적으로 낮게 나타났다. 건강취약집단에서 휴식활동을, 재정취약집단에서는 오락취미 활동을, 그리고 재정+건강취약집단에서 사회활동을 선호 한다는 응답이 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 재정취약집단의 경우, 애완동물 돌보기 및 정원손질 같은 활동들을 선호 한다고 응답할수록 여가만족도가 높게 나타난 반면, 국내여행을 선호 한다고 대답할수록 여가만족도가 낮게 나타났다. 건강취약집단의 경우, TV 시청 및 라디오 듣기 등의 휴식활동을 선호 한다고 응답할수록 그리고, 비선호 한다고 응답할수록 모두의 경우에서 여가만족도가 낮게 나타났다. 이밖에도 종교활동 혹은 친목단체 활동과 같은 사회참여 활동을 선호 한다고 응답할수록 여가만족도가 높게 나타났다. 재정+건강취약집단의 경우, 집근처 산책 혹은 TV 시청, 국내여행 등의 활동을 여가활동으로 선호 한다고 응답한 노인일수록 여가만족도가 낮게 나타난 반면, 바둑, 장기, 체스 등의 오락 활동과 등산과 같은 취미활동, 그리고 친목단체 활동 등을 선호 한다고 응답한 노인일수록 여가만족도가 높게 나타났다. 본 연구는 노인 여가활동에 대한 전국단위의 데이터를 실증적으로 분석한 결과를 바탕으로 맞춤형 여가활동을 제안하고 정책적 지원 방안에 대한 논의를 포함하고 있다.

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.95-110
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• 2011

글로벌 경제여건의 불안과 우리 경제의 양극화가 심화됨에 따라, 중소기업과 소상공인의 체감경기는 여전히 낮으며 불안한 실정이다. 2007년 서브프라임 사태로 촉발된 전 세계적 금융시스템의 붕괴는, 세계 각국의 금융산업의 근간을 흔들리게 하는 촉진제 역할이 되었으며, 이에 가장 민감한 계층인 소상공인들의 생존 활로 역시 큰 위험을 맞고 있는 실정이다. 제조, 도매, 소매 등 유통산업의 모든 구성력이 상호 연계성과 의존성이 점차 커지고 있으며, 리스크에 대한 불안요소 역시 점차 증가되고 있는 것이 현실이다. 소상공인 스스로의 활로개척으로는 생존할 수 없는 외부 환경적, 물리적 리스크의 요인이 점차 커지고 있어, 이에 대응하지 못하는 소상공인들은 큰 위기를 맞고 있다. 이를 극복하기 위해 정부에서는 여러 가지 노력을 기울이고 있으나, 그 효과가 지속적이지 못하고 있는 것이 안타까울 따름이다. 고용과 창출의 지속성이 떨어지는 단기근로중심의 일자리 증가와 가계소득의 체감저하등으로 인해, 전반적인 고용 및 창업등의 자영업 시장이 개선되지 못하는 악순환이 나타나고 있는 실정이다. 최근 유럽 각국에서 발생되는 재정위기 및, 김정일 사후, 북한과의 관계상황, 중동전세의 불안등 다국적인 리스크 요인들로 인해 성장세가 둔화되는 조짐을 보이고 있다. 전문기관들의 지표상 성장 통계는 4%내외로 예상되고 있으며, 서민들이 느끼는 자영업 경기는 여전히 암울하다. 일자리부족과, 고용불안, 은퇴 후 생계수단에 대한 마땅한 대책이 없는 것이 주위의 현실이다. 좁고, 과당경쟁의 상태에 놓여있는 시장에 대기업의 진출 또한, 더욱 상황을 어렵게 만드는 환경적 요인으로 판단해 볼 수 있다. 프랜차이즈라는 경영 컨셉이 과연, 자영업자의 삶을 안정적으로 보장해 줄 수 있는 제도적 열쇠인지를 우리는 다시금 판단해봐야 할 부분이기도 하다. 사업분야의 진입장벽을 뚫고, 자영업자와의 상생을 외치며, 오늘도 무섭게 대기업은 진출하고 있다. 고통스러운 내수침체를 겪고 있고, 앞날을 기대할 수 없고, 혼란스럽 불안한 자영업을 영위해 나가는 것이 바로 소상공인이다. 하루빨리, 현명한 소비진작으로 내수경기를 회복시키는 일이 매우 중요하다. 정부와 관련기관등이 힘을 하나로 모아, 고민하고, 해법을 제시하고, 제대로 된 방향을 설정하여 책임있게 끌고 나가는 것이 무엇보다 중요한 시점이다. 따라서 본 연구는 현재 시행되고 있는 소상공인 지원정책을 검토하여, 소상공인의 경쟁력 강화를 제시하는데 목적이 있다.