• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1986

한국산 퉁가리속 어류의 종간및 종내 집단간의 유전적 근연관계와 변이정도를 알아보기 위하여 남한의 6개 수계의 7개 지역에서 채집된 420개분 표본을 대상으로 전기영동에 의한 유전자분석과 형태비교를 실시하였다. 집단간 유전적 변이정도를 분석한 결과 L. andersoni 3개 집단에서는 P=21.3%, H=0.068이였고 L. mediadiposalis 의 경우는 P=16.3%, H=0.056으로 나타났다. 또 L.andersoni 및 L. mediadiposalis 의 집단간 유전적 평균근연치는 각기 S=0.592, S=0.675이었고 그 중 금강집단이 가장 근연치가 먼 것으로 나타났으며 종간 근연치는 S=0.530이었다. 외부형태형질에 대한 discriminant function analysis를 실시한 결과 L. andersoni 의 금강 집단이 뚜렷하게 구분되어 전기영동결과와 일치함을 보였다. 이상의 결과에서와 같이 종내 집단간에서도 현저한 유전적 차이를 나타내고 었어 같은 수 계안의 집단간에 대하여서도 더욱 자세한 유전적, 형태적 비교분석이 있어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.304-312
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• 2022

Boxwood is a representative ornamental shrub that is widely used in landscaping horticulture. After pruning, damaged leaves or stems of boxwoods are unavoidably vulnerable to infection by various plant pathogens. Several boxwood diseases caused by fungi, such as Volutella blight and Macrophoma leaf spot, have been reported worldwide including Republic of Korea. In this study, we isolated and identified fungal pathogens of boxwood diseases that occurred in Korea and characterized their morphological and taxonomic characteristics. Boxwood samples showing blight symptoms were collected in Seoul, Republic of Korea, and the putative fungal pathogens Pseudonectria buxi, P. foliicola, and Neofusicoccum buxi were successfully identified. Investigation of the morphological features of the field isolates, including mycelial growth and conidial morphology, and phylogenetic analysis of multiple DNA barcode loci revealed that there were some morphological and genetic variations among isolates, but all of the analyzed isolates were closely related to the corresponding reference strains. We also found that P. foliicola strains were more virulent than P. buxi, and the N. buxi strains isolated in this study were weak pathogens or saprophytes. The results of our study will contribute to the development of control strategies for boxwood diseases caused by fungi and accelerate research on the complex ecology of boxwood diseases.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.98-101
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• 2022

The genus Tripylina Brzeski, 1963 is a group of terrestrial nematodes that inhabit soil and semi-wet biomes, most of which have been reported from Europe, Asia, America, Africa, and New Zealand. Tripylina stramenti (Yeates, 1971) Tsalolikhin, 1983, belonging to the family Trischistomatidae Andrassy, 2007, is newly discovered from Korea. The specimens were collected from the edge of the valley of Ulleung-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea. Tripylina stramenti described herein shows typical morphological characters of the genus Tripylina, including six and four setae in a single whorl, present dorsal tooth and subventral teeth, prodelphic reproductive system of female, absence post-uterine sac, narrow sickle-shaped spicule of male and generally S-shaped tail. The specimens differ in their body width (from the New Zealand populations), outer labial setae length, cuticles thickness(from the West African populations), and nerve ring position (from Indian populations). This species is distinguished from other Tripylina species by its relatively large body, two anterior and subventral teeth, and single cervical seta. In this study, morphological characteristics and morphometric information of the Korean T. stramenti isolate are described, illustrated, and compared with the same species from other geographic origins.

• 생약학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.293-304
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• 1994

In order to estimate accurate originality of the important crude drugs, Gastrodia, Dendrobium, Bletilla and Cremastra spp. were investigated comparing their morphological, anatomical and physicochemical characteristics and antibacterial, antifungal activities. The results of the studies as follows: 1. In morphological and anatomical studies, Korean Gastrodia contained more mucilage duct and symbiotic fungi than imported Gastrodia. Korean Dendrobium contained starch grains but without starch grains in the imported Dendrobium from China enclosed with thicken silicified wall. The corm of Cremasta appendiculata contained raphides of bundles with mucilage while the bulbs of Tulipa edulis contained several various starch grains form. 2. In physiological and TLC analysis, crude drugs in Orchidaceae contained common constituents with fluorescence and much mucilage. 3. The EtOH extracts of Gastrodia, Dendrobium, Bletilla, Cremastra showed antibacterial activities against B. subtilis and E. coli (Dendrobium>Gastrodia>Bletilla>Cremastra). But, no antifungal activities against C. albicans, A. niger were observed.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.632-640
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• 2003

Geographic variation in shell morphology of Thais clavigera $(K\"{u}ster)$ (Gastropoda: Muricidae) was investigated using samples collected from 24 sites along the Korean coast. Multivariate statistical analysis was applied to 9 morphometric and 4 categorical variables. The shells of T. clavigera were classified into two distinct morph types (Type-W and -E). Temperature and salinity of the sampling sites were significantly correlated with the incidence of morph types. Relative abundance of Type-W (thin, yellowish brown shell with triangular nodules) was positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with salinity. In contrast, relative abundance of Type-E (thick, dark purple shell with round nodules) was negatively correlated with temperature and positively correlated with salinity. Possible correlation between environmental factors (temperature and salinity) and morphological variations in the shells were discussed.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.392-402
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• 1997

듀럼밀(Triticum durum var. hordeiforme 2n=28 AABB)에서 trisomics(2n=28＋1)을 육성하여 외부형태적 형질에 발현되는 양적효과를 조사하였다. Trisomics은 각각의 잉여염색체에 존재하는 유전자의 상호작용에 의해서 외부형태적 형질에 정상식물과 명백히 상이한 양적효과를 나타내었다. 그러나 A및 B의 양 genome에 속하는 동조염색체간에는 서로 유사한 특성을 나타내어 상호 구별짓기가 매우 어려웠다. 이와 같은 현상으로 부터 몇몇의 외부형질에 관여하는 주동유전자의 염색체위치는 동조염색체상에 존재하고 있음이 시사되었으며, 이들은 같은 역할을 하는 동조유전자인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 따라서 듀럼밀의 동조성 및 연관군이 동시에 해명된 것으로 보여지며, 본 trisomics은 밀속의 A및 B genome의 각각의 염색체에 관한 유전분석 및 유전자지도 작성을 위한 연구재료로서 유익할 것이다. 또한 빵밀(Triticum aesitivum AABBDD)의 선조종인 듀럼밀(T. durum AABB)과 타루호밀(T. squarrosa DD)의 진화과정 및 비교유전분석상 매우 중요한 소재로서 이용될 것이다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.613-619
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• 2016

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), a serious complication of diabetes mellitus, is associated with changes in myocardial structure and function. This study sought to explore the ability of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) to modulate DCM and its related mechanisms. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were injected with streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg) to mimic diabetes mellitus. Myocardial fibrosis and apoptosis were evaluated by histopathologic analyses, and relevant proteins were analyzed by Western blotting. Inflammatory factors were assessed by ELISA. Markers of oxidative stress were tested by colorimetric analysis. Rats with DCM displayed decreased body weight, metabolic abnormalities, elevated apoptosis (as assessed by the bcl-2/bax ratio and TUNEL assays), increased fibrosis, increased markers of oxidative stress (MDA and SOD) and inflammatory factors (TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$), and decreased phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK-$3{\beta}$). IGF-1 treatment, however, attenuated the metabolic abnormalities and myocardial apoptosis, interstitial fibrosis, oxidative stress and inflammation seen in diabetic rats, while also increasing the phosphorylation levels of Akt and GSK-$3{\beta}$. These findings suggest that IGF-1 ameliorates the pathophysiological progress of DCM along with an activation of the Akt/GSK-$3{\beta}$ signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that IGF-1 could be a potential therapeutic choice for controlling DCM.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.541-549
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• 2010

The present study researched morphological characteristics and analyzed the genetic diversity by using RAPD in Calanthe species, native plant in Jeju, Korea. Twenty-six samples were selected by flower color, and 19 horticultural traits were investigated to study morphological characteristics. The C. discolor had the smallest leaf, the length and width of dorsal sepal, lateral sepal, petal, central lip, lateral lip, and flower stalk length were shortest and/or smallest except the spur and ovary length in Calanthe species, but those of Calanthe discolor for. sieboldii (Dence.) Ohwi (Calanthe discolor for. sieboldii) were the largest and/or biggest, and those of variants were the intermediate between C. discolor and C. discolor for. sieboldii, but spur length was the longest in C. discolor, the shortest in C. discolor for. sieboldii, and intermediate in the variants. Ovary length in C. discolor was shortest and C. discolor for. sieboldii and variants were similar with each other. The flower colors of C. discolor were brownish red, the value of CIE Lab was between 40 and 50. The flower color of C. discolor for. sieboldii was yellowish; the value of CIE Lab was between 110 and 130. And variants had various colors between 50 and 70 in the value of CIE Lab. After analyzing multiple band patterns of PCR products, 154 bands were selected as polymorphic RAPD markers. The analysis of Genetic distance of Calanthe species using RAPD showed that C. discolor and C. discolor for. sieboldii are more distant from each other than variants, and demonstrated the fact that genetic position of variants is between the other two species.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.314-321
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to determine a standard quality characteristic through the evaluation and statistical analysis of the morphological characteristics of dried ginseng (white ginseng) products. Samples of 4-year-old 30 and 50 piece grade curved ginseng and 5-year-old 25 and 15 piece grade straight ginseng products were collected from a market, with 5 to 10 packs of each product being collected annually over a 5-year period (2006-2010). Morphological characteristics, such as weight, length, diameter, and surface color, were measured and statistically analyzed to present a standard quality characteristic value using $mean{\pm}3SD$, a range that excluded outlier. The 4-year-old curved ginseng samples of 50 and 30 piece grade were 4.80 to 6.12 cm and 5.28 to 7.60 cm long, 0.22 to 1.70 cm and 0.21 to 2.07 cm wide, and weighed 5.28 to 7.40 g and 8.62 to 12.26 g, respectively. The 5-year-old straight ginseng samples of 25 and 15 piece grade were 9.66 to 15.47 cm and 10.66 to 16.80 cm long, 1.32 to 1.94 cm and 1.48 to 2.43 cm wide, and weighed 9.18 to 16.40 g and 15.89 to 24.82 g, respectively. The surface color of the different piece grades in the same type of dried ginseng product was similar, whereas the straight ginseng demonstrated a lower level of brightness, but the relative redness and yellowness were of higher levels, than that of curved ginseng.

• Mycobiology
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.368-377
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• 2019

The genus Macrolepiota (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) is easy to recognize at the genus level because of big, fleshy basidiocarps with squamules covering the pileus; a single or double annulus; and big, thick-walled basidiospores with a germ pore. However, morphological identification is often unreliable in Macrolepiota due to similar morphological features among species. Due to the uncertainty of previous morphological identification in the genus Macrolepiota, it is necessary to re-examine Korean Macrolepiota using molecular data. We reexamined 34 Macrolepiota specimens collected from 2012 to 2018 in Korea using a reverse taxonomic approach, whereby species identification was first done based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region analysis, followed by morphological confirmation. We identified the presence of four species: M. detersa, M. mastoidea, M. procera, and M. umbonata sp. nov. Two species (M. detersa and M. mastoidea) were previously unrecorded from Korea and M. umbonata is a new species. Detailed descriptions of all four species and taxonomic key are provided in this study. Macrolepiota procera and M. umbonata are distributed through the country, but M. detersa and M. mastoidea are distributed only in limited areas. According to our results, the combination of ITS locus and morphology proved to be a robust approach to evaluate the taxonomic status of Macrolepiota species in Korea. Additional surveys are needed to verify the species diversity and clarify their geographic distribution.