• Journal of Korean Medical classics
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.63-89
• /
• 2020

Objectives : To suggest conditions that will allow for change in Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM) curricula through analysis of the failure of widespread acceptance of the integrated curriculum into all Traditional Medicine Colleges. Methods : First, the process of change between TKM education and medical education was compared. Next, the conditions that would stimulate change in TKM curricula were analyzed in three levels: structure, policy, and actor. Results : TKM colleges have not experienced a structural change from the six-year to four-year structure. The accreditation standards of TKM education (KAS2021) should be more supportive instead of forcing change, and the goals should be reset to education improvement instead of meeting the standards of WFME. The deans' leadership and professors' ownership over their subjects need to be modified. A group of professionals that could lead change is required, while other factors such as full-time professorships, clinical practice hours, obligatory teaching hours and overall teaching environment need to be improved. Conclusions : It would be ideal if individual TKM colleges created success models of curricula change-despite the time and effort that is required-that could spread to other colleges. After the new curriculum has been accepted in more that half of the total eleven TKM colleges, an institutional isomorphism can be demanded.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.46 no.8
• /
• pp.422-427
• /
• 2013

Although BMP9 is highly capable of promoting osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs), the molecular mechanism involved remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we explore the possible involvement and detail role of JNKs (c-Jun N-terminal kinases) in BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. It was found that BMP9 stimulated the activation of JNKs in MSCs. BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs was dramatically inhibited by JNKs inhibitor SP600125. Moreover, BMP9-activated Smads signaling was decreased by SP600125 treatment in MSCs. The effects of inhibitor are reproduced with adenoviruses expressing siRNA targeted JNKs. Taken together, our results revealed that JNKs was activated in BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. What is most noteworthy, however, is that inhibition of JNKs activity resulted in reduction of BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, implying that activation of JNKs is essential for BMP9 osteoinductive activity.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.37-54
• /
• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this preliminary study was to identify the nurses' perception regarding disclosure of patient safety incidents (DPSI) and to evaluate the effectiveness of education for DPSI. Methods: DPSI education was conducted for nurses majoring in clinical nurse specialist at an university. Before and after the education, the nurses made a questionnaire to evaluate the perception of DPSI. The questionnaires were divided into four categories: first, overall perception of the DPSI; second, recognition evaluation of the DPSI using hypothetical case, third, opinion on legal and nonlegal measures for facilitating the DPSI; and fourth, socio-demographic factors. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was performed on the DPSI questionnaire response to compare the perceptions before and after the education. Results: A total of 10 nurses participated in the education. DPSI education showed the possibility of improving the overall perception, necessity, effect, obstacle, and promotion method of DPSI, although there were also several responses where there was no statistical significance. In particular, DPSI education led to statistically significance change in the perception of obstacles for DPSI. For example, the number of respondents who agreed to the item "DPSI will increase the incidence of medical lawsuits." was 7 before education but decreased to 3 after education (P-value: .025) Furthermore, nurses' perception of DPSI from this study was generally positive regardless of education. Conclusion:In the future, it will be necessary to carry out DPSI education and training and to evaluate its effectiveness for more nurses.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.95-105
• /
• 2012

Objective : This study was conducted to examine the scope and learning objective of Medical classics in the field of the education of Korean Medicine. Method : This study was analyzed and figured out list of classes which was taken by department of medical classics in eleven College of Korean Medicine and one school of Korean Medicine. Results & Conclusions : 1. Now, 14 subjects out of 16 subjects which were taken by whole department of medical classics in Korea can be a proper area of education of medical classics. Now, Hwangjenaekyung and Nangyeong are the only aim of the lessons at the medical classics. Therefore, we present to modify the aims inclusively. 2. The subject of the class have to change as follows. 'Wonjeon' changes into 'Hwangjenaekyung', 'Medical Chinese character' changes into 'Korean medical chinese character', 'medical informatics' changes into 'korean medical informatics'. 3. As we consider the condition that 'Nangyeong' is educating in just four departments of medical classics, we have to discuss about the stature of Nangyeong and to extend education of Nangyeong. 4. In the department of medical classics, we can improve the level of understanding and reading skills by educating the class of 'Sanghanron' and 'Donguibogam'. 5. This study is actively involved in trying to include 'Korean Medical Informatics' and 'Korean medical terminology ' in the education field of the medical classics.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.9-22
• /
• 2007

Objectives : This study was designed to collect the latest papers and to find more effective approach for childhood obesity. Methods : We searched 107 papers in English from Pubmed(www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) and selected 52 in favor of our study. In addition to that, we searched 29 papers in Chinese from www.cnki.net. Results are as follows. Results and Conclusions : There are not completely new treatments for childhood obesity. Instead of that, many studies aimed for prevention through family education, nutrition education, and exercises education. Specially, because some diseases including hypertension, diabetes and heart disease are connected with obese children, medication can be prescribed optionally. In that case, their mental health must be laid emphasis. And in China, TCM(Traditional Chinese Medicine) is very common treatment for childhood obesity. Acupuncture, herb medication and manual therapy could be used usefully. It is suggested that above latest treatments can be combined with Korean traditional treatments method in treating obese children.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.209-214
• /
• 2009

Objectives : The aim of this study was to develop search filters able to retrieve the South Korean scientific output and relating the fields of public health, preventive medicine, and physical education, activity, fitness, exercise and sport in MEDLINE between 2000 and 2007. Methods : The search filters were constructed and applied in MEDLINE accessed through PubMed according to the affiliation and subject. The language and place of publication were identified and the evaluation of the geographical filter performance was done. Results : The search format was successfully elaborated and applied, and the articles originated, published in Korea and/or abroad focusing on the fields of public health, preventive medicine, physical education, activity, fitness, exercise and sport, added to MEDLINE between 2000 and 2007 were retrieved. Publications in six languages originated in South Korea were detected. Conclusions : A geographic search filter determined the South Korean research output, and combined with additional filters focused on specific areas. The dynamics of the scientific output followed an increased evolution in all categories. Articles were written mainly in English/Korean. Further research is recommended on developing search strategies in order to retrieve precise and reliable information.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.43-50
• /
• 2017

In the United States, California is well known for its rigorous education and licensing system regarding East Asian Medicine and acupuncture. As in most other states in America, the State government controls the practice of acupuncture, massage, acupressure therapy, food therapy, and natural therapy using a board established to set, maintain, and uphold licensing credentials for acupuncturists and practitioners of East Asian medicine. In California the system started in the 1970s when the State Legislature passed a bill to measure competency, and license acupuncturists. This study briefly describes the California Acupuncture Board (CAB), which is authorized to control the related education, examination, continuing education, and management of licenses already awarded. This study addresses the essential and minimum educational requirement established by the CAB for licensure, that is mandate classroom lecture with additional 950 hours clinic training, and the 50 hours of continuing education credits earned every two years, for maintaining the license.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.294-300
• /
• 2009

Nowadays, as the era of aging is developing remarkably fast, conventional disease treatments such as surgery or emergency therapy are now being substituted to 'health promotion' and 'health prevention through whole-life management. Recently, many oriental medicine colleges are teaching subjects related to Yangsaeng and Gigong. However, detail investigation about the exact education situation and correlation between among subjects has not been performed yet. Thus, in this research, I collected data about each oriental medicine college's Yangsaeng/Gigong-related subjects' prevalence and management situation through the analysis of 'National Education Report about Korea's Oriental Medicine Colleges' and direct investigation, First, I analyzed oriental medicine colleges' education object. Among 11 basic medicine subjects, there were 2 subjects related to Yangsaeng and Gigong. And among 13 clinical medicine subjects, there were 7 subjects related to Yangsaeng and Gigong. In these subjects, the word 'Yangsaeng' was used for 14 times. The word 'Gigong' was used for 5 times and the words 'natural medicine' and 'alternative medicine' were used for 4 times. Total class hours related to Yangsaeng and Gigong were 19.6 hours (practice classes were 4.6 hours). Each class of subjects had 'study objects'. Study objects were categorized into A (Essential) and B (Recommendation) Items. There were44 A items and 23 B items. Among 11 oriental medicine colleges all over Korea, 10 classes related to Yangsaeng and Gigong existed in 9colleges. 7 classes were included in pre-OM course and 3 classes were included in major-OM course. 6 classes were taught only for one semester and 4 classes were taught for 2 semesters. 6 classes were single unit and 4 classes were 2-units sunjects. 3 classes were held 3 hours a week. 6 classes were held 2 hours a week and one class was held an hour per week. In conclusion, each oriental medicine college should focus on the education and research about Yangsaeng and Gigong. To achieve this object, systemic regulation and specialized human resources should also be made.

• Korean Medical Education Review
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.110-121
• /
• 2015

Competency-based medical education (CBME) is an outcome-oriented curriculum model for medical education that organizes learning activities and assessment methods according to defined competencies as the learning outcomes of a given curriculum. CBME emerged to address the accountability of medical education in response to growing concerns about the patient safety in North America in the 1970s, and the number of medical schools adopting CBME has dramatically increased since 1990. In Korea, CBME has been under consideration as an alternative curriculum model to reform medical education since 2006. The purpose of this paper is three-fold: (1) to review the literature on CBME to identify the challenges and benefits reported in North America, (2) to summarize the process and experiences of planning and implementing CBME at Inje University College of Medicine, and finally (3) to provide recommendations for Korean medical schools to be better prepared for the successful adoption of CBME. In conclusion, one of the key factors for successful CBME implementation in Korea is how well an individual school can modify the current curriculum and rearrange the existing resources in a way that will enhance students' competencies while maximizing the strengths of the school's existing curriculum.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Emergency Medicine
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.529-550
• /
• 2018

Objective: This study investigated the most common errors on death certificates written by resident trainees of the emergency department and evaluated the effects of education on how to write a death certificate. Methods: A casebook of 31 deaths was prepared based on actual death cases in the emergency room in 2016. Ten residents completed 31 death certificates for the death casebook without any prior notice and then received education on 'How to write the death certificate.' They completed the death certificates again for the same casebook after receiving the education and the number of errors on all death certificates was again determined and divided into major and minor errors. The average number of error types was compared before and after the education. Results: Major errors occurred in 55% of all death certificates, but decreased to 32% after education. Minor errors decreased from 81% before education to 54% after education. The most common major error was 'unacceptable cause of death' (mean${\pm}$standard deviation [SD], $10.2{\pm}8.2$), and the most common minor error was 'absence of time interval' (mean${\pm}$SD, $24.0{\pm}7.7$), followed by 'absence of other significant conditions' (mean${\pm}$SD, $14.6{\pm}6.1$) before education. Conclusion: Education on 'how to write a death certificate' can help reduce errors on death certificates and improve the quality of death certificates.