• KSBB Journal
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.46-53
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• 2017

There are four types (So-Eum, So-Yang, Tae-Eum, Tae-Yang type) in Sasang constitutional medicine (SCM). In SCM, not only people but also herbal medicine are classified into four types. To date, there has been very little evidence of experimental classifications in SCM. So, we adapted Issatchenkia orientalis in two different culture media made from the herbal medicines for So-Eum and for So-Yang type. And the adapted Issatchenkia orientalis was inoculated into another eight culture media made from the herbal medicines for So-Eum and for So-Yang type. The mass reduction was measured every 12 hours for 2 days. Then, we analyzed the statistical differences of herbal medicines for So-Eum and for So-Yang type. There were significant differences of variables (R: rate of change in mass reduction, S: convex degree of mass reduction graph) in herbal medicine media for So-Eum (p=0.001, 0.001, respectively.). Suggesting a microbiological method of Sasang medicine research, current study may contribute to the establishment of experimental Sasang constitutional herbal medicine.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2019

Objectives : The objective of present study is to evaluate anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects of Perilla(Perilla frutescens; Labiatae, PF), the roots of Peucedanum praeruptorum(PP) and the root of Scutellaria baicalensis(SB) in vitro and anti-asthmatic effects of mixture of PF, PP and SB(PS) on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma in BALB/c mice. Methods : Anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects were observed on the lipopolysaccharide(LPS) treated RAW 264.7 cells through Nitric Oxide(NO) production and RBL-2H3 cells through ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase. Anti-asthmatic effects were observed on the number of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) and the level of IgE in serum on OVA-induced BALB/c mice. Results : The treatment of PF, PP and SB(12.5, 25, 50, $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) resulted in a significant inhibition of NO production in RAW 264.7 cells and mast cell degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells. Oral administration of PS(400mg/kg/day) resulted in a significant reduction in the numbers of eosinophils in BALF and level of IgE in serum. Conclusion : The oral administration of PS is effective in ameliorating the eosinophilic infiltration in vivo and thus can be a good therapeutic candidate for allergic asthma.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2014

The Acer tegmentosum (3 kg) were extracted with boiled water and the freeze dried extract powder was partitioned with $CH_2Cl_2$, EtOAc, n-BuOH and $H_2O$, successively. From the EtOAc and n-BuOH fraction, six phenolic compounds were isolated through the silica gel, octadecyl silica gel and sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. On the basis of spectroscopic methods, such as $^1H$-NMR and $^{13}C$-NMR, and LC/MS, the chemical structures of the compounds as feniculin (1), avicularin (2), (+)-catechin (3), (-)-epicatechin (4), salidroside (5) and 6'-O-galloylsalidroside (6). In this study, compounds 1 and 2 have been first isolated from the A. tegmentosum. To provide insight into the effects of six compounds isolated from A. tegmentosum on inflammation, we investigated its effect on nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Compounds 1 and 6 slightly repressed NO production. Also, compounds 3 and 4 inhibited NO secretion with statistical significance. However, compounds 2 and 5 did not show any inhibitory effect on NO production.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.371-381
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• 2015

The object of this study was to obtain single oral dose toxicity of Arisaema Rhizome (Arisaema amurense f. serratum (Nakai) Kitag) aqueous extracts. Arisaema Rhizome (Chunnamsong in Korean) is one of the most important folk remedy plants used in Asia. In the study, a 28-day rat oral gavage study has been conducted with the extracts from Arisaema Rhizome at dose of 1,250, 2,500 and 5,000 ㎎/㎏/day. The following endpoints were evaluated: clinical observations, body weight, gross and microscopic pathology, clinical chemistry, and hematology. Based on the analysis of these endpoints, it was estimated that NOEL (no observed effect level) for male rats and NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level) for female rats are 5000 ㎎/㎏/day of the water-extracts from Arisaema Rhizome.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.131-135
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• 2013

Jaeumganghwa-tang (JGT) is a traditional herbal medicine used for chronic bronchitis and inflammatory diseases. The variation in the amount of bioactive components of JGT and its fermentation JGT with ten species of microorganism was investigated via high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). Simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of eight bioactive compounds; 5- hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), paeoniflorin, nodakenin, hesperidin, nodakenetin, palmatine, berberine and glycyrrhizin were achieved by comparing their retention times ($t_R$) and UV spectra with those of the standard compounds. In the result, the paeoniflorin amount was 6.95 mg/g that as a main compound in JGT. The amount of nodakenetin was the highest in the fermented-JGT with Lactobacillus fermentum KFRI 145 ($0.47{\pm}0.01mg/g$), which was increased by 2,250% compared to that in non-fermented JGT ($0.02{\pm}0.00mg/g$). In the fermented JGT using Lactobacillus acidophilus KFRI 162, most components were increased than non-fermented JGT, except paeoniflorin and hesperidin.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1209-1217
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• 2009

Many cancer cells are sensitive to the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis. However, some cancer cells show either partial or complete resistance to TRAIL. Human colon carcinoma KM12 cells have been shown to be insensitive to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. To overcome TRAIL resistance in KM12 cells, we targeted key anti-apoptotic molecules involved in the modulation of TRAIL resistance in the cells, and evaluated the effects of quercetin as a TRAIL sensitizer in the cells. We found that quercetin acted in synergy with TRAIL to enhance TRAIL-induced apoptosis in KM12 cells by the down-regulation of c-FLIP and DNA-PKcs/Akt and up-regulation of death receptors (DR4/DR5), which led to the enhancement of TRAIL-mediated activation of caspases and subsequent cleavage of PARP, as well as up-regulation of Bax. These findings suggest that the DNA-PKcs/Akt signaling pathway, as well as c-FLIP, play essential roles in regulating cells in the escape from TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Based on these results, this study provides a potential application of quercetin in combination with TRAIL in the treatment of human colon cancer.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.44-55
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• 2021

Objectives: As the use of herbal medicinal products (HMPs) increases worldwide, systematic verification of the safety of HMPs is required. The induction of cardiotoxicity is one of the major factors in post-approval withdrawal of medicinal products, and drug-induced cardiotoxicity assessment is emerging as an important step in drug development. In the present study, we evaluated human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) potassium channel-related cardiotoxicity to predict the risk of cardiac arrhythmia in thirteen herbal medicines known to have cardiac toxicity. Methods: We measured the inhibition rate of hERG potassium channel activity of 13 medicinal herbal extracts in hERG-expressing HEK 293 cells using an automated patch-clamping system. Quinidine was used as a positive control for inhibition of hERG activity. Results: Extracts of Evodiae Fructus, Strychni Semen, and Corydalis Tuber potently inhibited the activity of hERG, and IC₅₀ values were 3.158, 19.87, and 41.26 ㎍/mL, respectively. Cnidi Fructus, Ephedra Herba, Lithospermi Radix, Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Visci Ramulus et Folium, Asiasari Radix et Rhizoma, and Scolopendra weakly inhibited hERG activity, and the IC₅₀ value for each herbal medicine was more than 400 ㎍/mL. Aconiti Kusnezoffii Tuber and two types of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata (Po and Yeom) had weak inhibitory activity against hERG, and the IC₅₀ values were more than 700 ㎍/mL. The IC₅₀ value of quinidine against hERG was 1.021 𝜇M. Conclusion: Evodiae Fructus, Strychni Semen, and Corydalis Tuber acted as potent inhibitors against hERG. These herbal medicines may cause cardiac arrhythmia through QT prolongation, so care should be taken when taking them.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.39-46
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• 2016

Objectives: The present study aimed at investigating the effects of Schisandrae Fructus (SF) on menopause symptoms in ovariectomized mice. Methods: 6 weeks old female mice were ovariectomized (OVX), and the OVX mice were fed with a three doses of SF (25, 100, and 400 mg/kg, respectively) or $17{\beta}$-estradiol (E2, 0.5 mg/kg) 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Body weight was measured at every week and uterus weight was also measured at the end of experiment. Lipids and osteocalcin levels in serum were analyzed. Results: The uterine weight was not changed in SF treated group, while E2 intake increased the reduced uterine weight by OVX. Although Body weight was increased since two weeks after ovariectomy compared with sham operated group, there was no change in SF or E2 treated group compared with OVX. But LDL was significantly reduced in SF (400 mg/kg) or E2 fed mice and SF or E2 treatment decreased enhanced osteocalcin level by OVX. Conclusion: These results indicated that SF would be effective in the improvement of LDL level and osteoporosis on menopause.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.45-60
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• 2018

Background : There have been a variety of healthcare systems related to CAM practitioners developed in each country. However, the European cases have not been widely introduced in Korea so far. In the case of Germany, CAM practices have been developed in the frame of "Heilpraktiker" system. Objectives : The objectives of this study were to review the historical development and current situation of German Heilpraktiker system and its conflicting relationship with Western medical doctors, in order to utilize it as basic data for the conflict resolution between Western- and KM doctors in Korea. Methods : The historical development, current regulations and education system of Heilpraktiker were assessed. Research articles, reports, government publications and websites dealing with this issue were searched for and analyzed. Results : Heilpraktiker system was developed within German historical and cultural situation where naturopathic traditions were reilluminated in connection with modernization process of the state under the influence of romanticism formulating German nationalism. Between the concept of "Kurierverbot"(prohibition on medical treatment by non-physicians) and "Kurierfreiheit"(freedom of medical treatment), Heilpraktiker achieved a limited but legitimated right to conduct non-biomedical treatments from the state in the process of the formulation of modern German medical system. In this process, the conflicts between medical doctors and heilpraktikers have been also growing up to now. Conclusions : Heilpraktiker system, officially recognized with the legislation of Heilpraktiker law in 1939, stands at a crossroads between the continual development through strengthening its professionality, and abolition of the system due to its lack of quality control and medical evidence mostly argued by Western medical doctors, which has considerable implications for Korean situations in terms of the conflicting relationship between KM- and Western medical doctors. In this regard, it is necessary to discuss the debates on the concept "Kurierfreiheit"(freedom of medical treatment) developed within German tradition of medical pluralism.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.136-142
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• 2007

The main aim of this study is to estimate home-range of the Korean raccoon dog(Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis) at a rural area of Gurye in the southern part of South Korea. A radio-tracking was regularly carried out on 4 raccoon dogs for 2 days every 2 months in 2006. During the days, the radio-tracking was usually conducted every 1-3 hours through day-time to night-time. Among the 4 raccoon dogs, 2 individuals(a permanent breeding pair) could be extensively tracked for 5 to 7 months, including all 4 seasons. The result showed that total home-range sizes of the pair were 0.732 $km^2$ and 0.373 $km^2$ for 100% minimum convex polygons(MCP) and 100% kernel(K), respectively, during the monitoring period. Mean home-range sizes of the 2 raccoon dogs were 0.035-0,688 $km^2$ and 0.012-0.341 $km^2$ for MCP and K, respectively. Yearly home-range sizes of the male and female were similar to each other. However, home-range sizes of the raccoon dogs between day-time and night-time were quite different. Furthermore, the raccoon dogs showed a much broader home-range size in spring, summer and fall than in winter season. Finally, the pair had a broad overlapping home-range(about 70-95%), and 1 core area and 4 different feeding areas.