• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.213-234
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• 2023

Objectives: To investigate current status of randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) registration for suicide attempters. Methods: The World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (WHO-ICTRP) was used to search for data using 'suicide' as a search term. All registration information of RCTs registered up to April 2023 were collected. Results: Among a total of 68 RCTs registered, the United States ranked the highest in terms of quantity in this field (n=30, 46.15%), whereas Asia had only six (8.82%). A total of 62 (91.18%) RCTs involved individual interventions, while nine (13.24%) RCTs involved group interventions. Among individual interventions, 11 (16.18%) and 54 (79.41%) RCTs were on pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, respectively. Within psychotherapy, there were a total of 17 (25%) studies utilizing digital media, with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) via phone being the most common approach. Among non-digital media-based studies, CBT was used the most frequently (n=11, 16.18%), followed by attempted suicide short intervention program (n=6, 8.82%). There were no studies using interventions from East Asian traditional medicine, including Korean medicine (KM). The most frequently used main outcome was the Beck scale for suicidal ideation. Conclusions: Studies on suicide attempts in Asia, especially in South Korea, are very scarce. Despite vigorous psychotherapeutic research in this field, KM psychotherapy has not been used. Thus, KM clinical trial for suicide attempters might be planned in the future based on our findings.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2016

본 연구는 22명의 남자 아마추어 선수를 대상으로 100 km 울트라 마라톤에서의 전해질 대사 반응의 안전성을 평가하기 위해 실시하였다. 대상자의 평균 연령은 $50.91{\pm}4.77$세, $VO_2max$는 $48.19{\pm}6.43mL/kg/min$, 그리고 평균 경기 완주시간은 $829.64{\pm}89.31$분이었다. 혈액검사에 포함된 전해질 지표로는 칼슘, 무기인, 마그네슘, 소디움, 포타슘, 염소, 총이산화탄소, 음이온 차이, 혈장량 변화와 삼투압 농도를 경기 전, 50 km 지점, 경기 종료 직후 측정하였다. 본 연구결과 소디움 농도는 경기 전보다 50 km 지점에서 감소하였고 50 km 지점보다 100 km 지점에서 감소하였으나, 고나트륨혈증 및 저나트륨혈증은 나타나지 않았다. 100 km 울트라 마라톤 경기에서 다른 모든 전해질 지표들의 거리별 변화는 참고범위 내에서 이루어졌으며, 혈장량 변화는 나타나지 않았다. 결론적으로 아마추어 지구력 선수들의 전해질 대사에 있어서 경기중 통계적인 차이는 있었으나 임상적으로 의미 있는 삼투압 농도와 전해질의 변화는 나타나지 않았으며 안전한 경기로 나타났다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.25.1-25.9
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• 2022

Canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes cognitive and behavioral disorders and reduces the quality of life in dogs and their guardians. This study reviewed the complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for CDS and compared the diagnosis and therapy of CAM between CDS in canines and dementia in humans. The evaluation tools for the diagnosis of CDS and dementia were similar in the neurological and neuropsychiatric examinations, daily life activity, cognitive tests, and neuroimaging, but the evaluation for dementia was further subdivided. In CAM, pattern identification is a diagnostic method for accurate, personalized treatment, such as herbal medicine. For herbal medicine treatment of cognitive impairment in canines and humans, a similar pattern identification classified as deficiency (Qi, blood, and Yin) and Excess (phlegm, Qi stagnation, and blood stasis) is being used. However, the veterinary clinical basis for verifying the efficacy and safety of CAM therapies for CDS is limited. Therefore, based on CAM evidence in dementia, it is necessary to establish CDS-targeted CAM diagnostic methods and therapeutic techniques considering the anatomical, physiological, and pathological characteristics of dogs.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.27-37
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• 2022

Objectives The purpose of this study is to propose a method to more specifically identify Sasang constitutional risk factors of metabolic syndromes by adjusting the cut-off value of Korea Sasang Constitutional Diagnostic Questionnaire (KS-15). Methods Data of 1997 participants in Korean medicine Daejeon Citizen Cohort study (KDCC) were analyzed. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the NCEP-ATP III, lifestyle information, and hematologic information including KS-15 and demographic characteristics were used as covariates. Results The 179 subjects with metabolic syndrome accounted for 9.0% of the total. As a result of determining the Sasang constitution for the KS-15 response based on the cut-off values (approximate 0.33), 0.5, and 0.6 of the constitutional score, when performed at the 0.6 cut-off model, the odds ratio of TE was 2.46 which showed a statistically significantly higher risk than the borderline group. For the accuracy of the model and the Area under the curve (AUC), the model accuracy based on the original cut-off of the KS-15 was 0.902 and AUC was 0.737. The accuracy of the model with cut-off of 0.5 and with of 0.6 were 0.904 and 0.902, respectively, and the AUCs were 0.687 and 0.741, respectively. Conclusion In this study, we confirmed that it is effective to increase the cut-off value of KS-15 to 0.6 in the metabolic syndrome risk model. It is expected that this could increase the accuracy of identifying high-risk groups for metabolic syndrome.

• 약학회지
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.293-298
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• 2013

Hwangryunhaedok-tang (HRT) is a traditional herbal medicine, which has been known as a useful prescription for anti-biotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and immunosuppressive activity. In this study, the variation in the amount of eight bioactive components of Hwangryunhaedok-tang (HRT) and its fermentation HRT with Lactobacillus casei KFRI 127, Lactobacillus curvatus KFRI 166 and Lactobacillus confuses KFRI 227 was investigated via high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). Simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of eight bioactive components; geniposide, genipin, baicalin, wogonoside, palmatine, berberine, baicalein and wogonin was achieved by comparing their retention times ($t_R$) and UV spectra with those of the standard components. All calibration curve of standard components showed good linearity ($r^2$ >0.979). As a result, the geniposide amount was $15.52{\pm}0.19{\mu}/mg$ that as a main components in HRT. The wogonoside was decreased by 29.28~58.35% with Lactobacillus casei KFRI 127 and L. confuses KFRI 227 ($3.17{\pm}0.31{\mu}g/mg$ and $3.55{\pm}0.13{\mu}g/mg$) compared with the original HRT ($5.02{\pm}0.14{\mu}g/mg$). Otherwise wogonin was increased by 16.28~41.86% with Lactobacillus casei KFRI 127 and L. confuses KFRI 227 ($0.61{\pm}0.01{\mu}g/mg$ and $0.50{\pm}0.02{\mu}g/mg$) compared with the original HRT($0.43{\pm}0.00{\mu}g/mg$). HRT fermented with L. casei KFRI 127 and L. confuses KFRI 227 were evaluated as creating the changes in wogonoside to that aglycon wogonine. In the fermented HRT using Lactobacillus acidophilus KFRI 166, the genipin was only detected, among 3 species of fermentation strains. Thus, these results considered that the strains 166 were exhibited the remarkable changes in genipin.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.75-92
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• 2005

Extensive previous studies on taxonomy, behavior/bionomics and control of Anopheles sinensis are reviewed and summarized. Recent molecular identification revealed that the population of An. sinensis complex includes An. sinensis, An. pullus, An. lesteri and at least two new species, and An. yatsushiroensis is synonmy of An. pullus. An. sinensis is the main vector specie of vivax malaria in Korea. Larvae of An. sinensis breed in wide range of habitats which are naturally-made clean water, stagnant or flowing; main habitats include rice fields, ditches, streams, irrigation cannals, marshes, ponds, ground pools, etc. Their host preferences are highly zoophilic. Human blood rate is very low ($0.7-1.7\%$); nevertheless An. sinensis readily feeds on man when domestic animals are not found near by. They feed on hosts throughout the night from dusk to dawn with a peak period of 02:00-04:00 hours; they are slightly more exophagic (biting outdoors); much larger numbers come into the room when light is on. Main resting places are outdoors such as grasses, vegetable fields and rice fields. A mark-release-recapture study resulted that $37.1\%$ was recaptured within 1 km, $29.4\%$ at 1-3 km, $21.1\%$ at 3-6 km, $10.3\%$ at 6-9 km and $2.1\%$ at 9-12 km distance. An. sinensis hibernate outdoors (mostly under part of dense grasses) during October-March. At the end of the hibernation period (March-April) they feed on cows at daytime. Until today any single measure to effectively control An. sinensis population has not been found. Indoor residual spray with a long-lasting insecticide can not reduce vector population densities, but shorten their life spans in some degree, so contributes to malaria control.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.29-40
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• 1971

Oxygen consumption, pulmonary ventilation, heart rate, and breathing frequency were measured on 8 men walking on a treadmill carrying load of 9 kg on hand, back, or head. Besides measurements were made on subjects carrying loads of 2.6 kg each on both feet. The speed of level walking was 4, 5, and 5.5km/hr and a fixed speed off km/hr with grades of 0, 3, 6, and 9%. Comparisons were made between free walking without load and walking with various types of loads. The following results were obtained. 1. In level or uphill walking the changes in oxygen consumption, pulmonary ventilation, breathing frequency and heart rate were smallest in back load walking, and largest in hand load walking. The method of back load was most efficient and hand load was the least efficient. The energy cost in head load walking was smaller than that of in hand load walking. It was assumed that foot load costed more energy than hand load. 2. In level walking the measured parameters increased abruptly at the speed of 5.5 km/hr. Oxygen consumption in a free walking at 4 km/hr was 11.4ml/kg b.wt., and 13.1 ml/kg b.wt. 5.5 km/hr, and in a hand load walking at 4 km/hr was 13.9, and 18.8 ml/kg b. wt. at 5.5 km/hr. 3. In uphill walking oxygen consumption and other parameters increased abruptly at the grade of 6%. Oxygen consumption at 4 km/hr and 0% grade was 11.4 ml/kg b. wt., 13.6 at 6% grade, and 16.21/kg b. wt. at 9% grade in a free walking. In back load walking oxygen consumption at 4km/hr and 0% grade was 12.3 ml/kg b.wt.,14.9 at 6% grade, and 18.7 ml/kg b.wt. In hand load walking the oxygen consumption was the greatest, namely, 13.9 at 0% grade, 17.9 at 6%, and 20.0 ml/kg b. wt. at 9% grade. 4. Both in level and uphill walking the changes in pulmonary ventilation and heart rate paralleled with oxygen consumption. 5. The changes in heart rate and breathing frequency in hand load were characteristic. Both in level and uphill walk breathing frequency increased to 30 per minute when a load was held on hand and showed a small increase as the exercise became severe. In the other method of load carrying the Peak value of breathing frequency was less than 30 Per minute. Heart rate showed 106 beats/minute even at a speed of 4 km/hr when a load was held on hand, whereas, heart rate was between, 53 and 100 beats/minute in the other types of load carriage. 6. Number of strides per minute in level walking increased as the speed increased. At the speed floater than 5 km/hr number of strides per minute of load carrying walk was greater than that of free walking. In uphill walk number of strides per minute decreased as the grade increased. Number of strides in hand load walk was greatest and back load walk showed the same number of strides as the free walk.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.59-66
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• 1978

1974년 8월 포항시에서 표식-방사-재채집 방법에 의한 작은 빨간집 모기 (Culex tritaeniorhynchus)의 비상 분포 및 분포 조사를 실시한 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 총 23,115개체의 Culex tritaneiorhynchus 암모기에 표식 방사하여 그중 120마리가 재채집되어 0.519%의 재채집율을 나타냈고 조사기간중 채집된 총 57,514마리의 암놈중 0.00208의 표식 모기 양성비를 나타냈다. 2. 방사지점으로 부터의 분산율은 0~2km에서 77.5%, 2~4km에서 11.7%, 4~6km에서 5% 그리고 6~8km에서 5.8%였다. 3. 1일간 최고 비상 거리는 7.5km였다. 1일 평균 분산거리는 1.55km였고, 방사후의 경과일수와 분산 거리와는 연관성은 보이지 않았다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.46-53
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• 2017

There are four types (So-Eum, So-Yang, Tae-Eum, Tae-Yang type) in Sasang constitutional medicine (SCM). In SCM, not only people but also herbal medicine are classified into four types. To date, there has been very little evidence of experimental classifications in SCM. So, we adapted Issatchenkia orientalis in two different culture media made from the herbal medicines for So-Eum and for So-Yang type. And the adapted Issatchenkia orientalis was inoculated into another eight culture media made from the herbal medicines for So-Eum and for So-Yang type. The mass reduction was measured every 12 hours for 2 days. Then, we analyzed the statistical differences of herbal medicines for So-Eum and for So-Yang type. There were significant differences of variables (R: rate of change in mass reduction, S: convex degree of mass reduction graph) in herbal medicine media for So-Eum (p=0.001, 0.001, respectively.). Suggesting a microbiological method of Sasang medicine research, current study may contribute to the establishment of experimental Sasang constitutional herbal medicine.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.5-9
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• 2017

Objectives: Gan Mai Da Zao (GMDZ) decoction is widely used for the treatment of various diseases of the internal organ and of the central nervous system. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of GMDZ decoction on neuropsychiatric disorders in an animal model. Methods: We searched seven databases for randomized animal studies published until April 2015: Pubmed, four Korean databases (DBpia, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System, Korean Studies Information Service System, and Research Information Sharing Service), and one Chinese database (China National Knowledge Infrastructure). The randomized animal studies were included if the effects of GMDZ decoction were tested on neuropsychiatric disorders. All articles were read in full and extracted predefined criteria by two independent reviewers. Results: From a total of 258 hits, six randomized controlled animal studies were included. Five studies used a Sprague Dawley rat model for acute psychological stress, post-traumatic stress disorders, and unpredictable mild stress depression whereas one study used a Kunming mouse model for prenatal depression. The results of the studies showed that GMDZ decoction improved the related outcomes. Conclusion: Regardless of the dose and concentration used, GMDZ decoction significantly improved neuropsychiatric disease-related outcomes in animal models. However, additional systematic and extensive studies should be conducted to establish a strong conclusion.