• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.102-108
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• 2003

This study investigated the current tendency of the middle school student's use of the food and nutrition information from the internet web site. The research employed web survey for the national middle school students. Middle school students usually searched the internet information to do homework and to solve the own curiosity. Forty percent of respondents had experience to get food and nutrition information from tile internet, and 74% of them were girl. Cooking method and world cooking exploring were the most wanted information among food and nutrition information. Professional cooking site and tips of food and nutrition from study aiding sites and monthly magazine sites were tile resources of food and nutrition information. The mai or reasons for searching the food and nutrition information were to know the cooking method and out of curiosity. The most unsatisfied problems were unnecessary information, too much advertisement and too difficult contents when the users approached the site to get the food and nutrition information. Students who have been not interested in and had no homework about food and nutrition, had no visiting experience of web sites for food and nutrition information. Therefore, to provide food and nutrition information for teenagers through internet, web sites were developed to have easy contents linked to study aiding site or other sites that teenagers frequently visit. Since teenager's interest about health issues is not as high as adult's one, the contents of sites must be easy for teenagers to follow and fun, however, should be based on scientific facts on food, nutrition and disease.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.392-398
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate housewives' purchase behavior and needs for information on food safety. The data were collected from 275 housewives over the age of 20 living in Seoul and metropolitan areas from March 9 to April 3 in 2009. The result of this study showed that 'checking expiration date' topped with 4.59 in the purchase behavior for food safety followed by 'buying domestics' (4.08) and 'considering food safety' (3.66). The study also showed that only 18.5% of the respondents said that they have an experience of education for food safety, and 'environmental hormones' was the highest with 89.1% in the percentage of correct answer but 'mad cow disease' was the lowest with 25.8%. Also total degree of knowledge for food hazards was an average of 8.56 out of 13. The respondents' degree of information search for food safety was generally low at 2.61 and tv/radio topped the list of information sources with 4.04, followed by newspaper/magazine (3.80), internet (3.44), and family/relatives/friends (3.39). Finally, degree of information needs for food safety was generally high with 3.82. Therefore, government, producers, distributers and academic researchers must provide consumers collective and sufficient information about the food safety and hazards through the diverse information sources. Also they have to play their respective roles in developing and executing feasible education program for consumers.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.280-287
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• 2010

Objective: In spite of increasing dental treatment for the disabled, there was a few collected data on dental treatment status and dentists' perception in Korea. The purpose of this' study is to research the current dental treatment status for the disabled in Korea and to suggest public health policies for the disabled. Material and methods: Total of 68 dentists who have treated the disabled regularly were asked to fill questionnaires regarding dental treatments for the disabled. Results: 1. It is necessary to set up public dental center for the disabled in rural area. 2. In case of dental treatments relating to cerebral palsy, ADHD, autism, the compensation for treatment time and extra investment is needed. 3. Only 39.7% of dentists charged treatment fees to the disabled as same as normal patients. Moreover 38.2% of dentists answered that they didn't charge treatment fees at all when their patient are disabled. 4.23.5% of dentists provided all of dental treatments including dental implant and orthodontic appliances in Korea. However, 54.3% of dentists reported the improvement of access to dental implant, orthodontic and esthetic treatment is needed. 5. It is imperative for the government to improve the support system for the disabled. Conclusions: Through this research only 26.5% of dentists answered that they had received the fund from the government and 11.1% of them were satisfied with the support for the disabled in Korea. This indicated the improvement of government financial support system for the disabled is needed.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.53 no.7
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• pp.485-499
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• 2015

Purpose: Delayed intentional replantation was introduced as a new alternative to treat the teeth with severe periodontal involvement. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the possibility of delayed intentional replantation and establish theoretical backgrounds. Materials and Methods: Studies were performed into the following two subjects; (1)Clinical evaluation of patients who underwent delayed intentional replantation using clinical and radiographic data. Severe periodontitis involved teeth were carefully extracted and proper time for delayed replantation was evaluated by analyzing inflammation markers (IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$). (2) Theoretical studies for efficacy of delayed intentional replantation using (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) for preservation of periodontal ligament cells on root surface by minimizing inflammation and treatment of inflammatory extraction sockets. Results: Meaningful success ratio and survival rate were found in delayed intentional replantation showing reduced bone loss and maintained bone level. Additionally, viability of EGCG applied periodontal ligament cells was much higher than control group. Also, EGCG promoted healing of inflammatory extraction sockets by inhibiting inflammatory cell proliferation. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, 1-2 weeks after extraction is an appropriate time to do delayed intentional replantation. Also, EGCG provides helpful effects on viability of periodontal ligament cells and periodontium.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.36-46
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• 2015

Objectives: The objective of this work was to investigate the hospital nursing care of oral and maxillofacial health in jeju province. Methods: 438 Registered nurses(RN) who were working at each of secondary hospitals in Jeju province had responded to the questionnaire. The data were analyzed via frequency analyses and one-way ANOVA to assess the state of RN on hospital nursing care of oral and maxillofacial health. Results: The class of education on density in formal density that marked '0 hour' and '1-3 hours' were 73.5% and 19.9%, respectively. The class of refresher training on density that marked '0 hours' and '1-3 hours' were 92.9% and 6.6%, aggregately 99.5%. The nursing education on appearance after tumor of maxillofacial area that marked 'formal education' and 'none' were 45.2% and 52.1%, respectively. The score of question 'function, effect and side effect of hexamedin gaggle' was $2.68{\pm}0.95$ by Likert 5-point scale. Likewise, the scores were $2.82{\pm}0.88$ on question 'management of removal denture', $2.83{\pm}0.95$ on question 'preventive dental treatment before anticancer therapy', $2.88{\pm}0.86$ on question 'function of saliva', $2.96{\pm}0.99$ on question 'oral management of tube feeding patient', $3.13{\pm}1.00$ on question 'bacterial endocarditis from oral microflora', $3.36{\pm}0.89$ on question 'dysphagia' and $3.62{\pm}1.03$ on question 'aspiration pneumonia'. RN replied that 'lack of knowledge' and 'delay of cooperation' formed 53.7% and 33.3% respectively, on question 'problem in dental consultation other diseased patient'. Conclusions: From this study, it is necessary for RN and student of nursing science to be educated on the oral and maxillofacial nursing. Authors suggest further co-study and nation-wide research.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.55 no.11
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• pp.756-765
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to evaluate a change o bone level on the sinus floor by a bone added osteotome sinus floor elevation (BAOSFE) technique, according to the amount of deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM). And Changes in augmented bone height after BAOSFE procedure were also assessed for 6 months after the implant procedure. Materials and Methods: Forty eight single implants were placed in the posterior maxilla using BAOSFE technique. The implantation sites were classified into two groups according to the amount of grafted DBBM, 0.25 group (0.25g) and 0.5 group (0.5 g). Panoramic views or cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) were taken at the time of implant placement with BAOSFE and after at least 6 months to assess the bone level changes in the elevated sites with DBBM. Results: Alveolar bone level around all implants was stable clinically and radiographically during the follow-up. Mean augmented bone height was $5.21{\pm}0.94mm$ in 0.25 group and $6.92{\pm}1.19mm$ in 0.5 group. Statistically significant difference in augmented bone height was found in the comparison between the 0.25 group and 0.5 group at the time of surgery. There was a positive correlation between the length of the implant protruding into the maxillary sinus and the augmented bone height. After 6 months, mean reduction of augmented bone height was $0.50{\pm}0.34mm$ in 0.25 group and $0.41{\pm}0.30mm$ in 0.5group. There was no specific correlation between the reduction of augmented bone height and amount of grafted DBBM. Conclusion: Within the limit of this study, the amount of grafting materials and the protrusion length of implant into the maxillary sinus affect the amount of the augmented bone height.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.138-145
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• 2015

Although it is well-known that environmental noise can lead to hearing loss in individuals, the true extent of subway noise effects in the general population remains poorly understood. The purpose of the present study is to see changes of acoustic reflex thresholds and speech perception scores when passengers listen to music presented from their personal listening device in the subway. Forty subjects with normal hearing participated being divided into two groups, experimental and control groups. As a baseline, all subjects were measured by acoustic reflex thresholds in five test frequencies and Korean speech perception in noise (KSPIN) test at 0 and -5 dB SNR. In the experiment, the control group read newspaper or magazine in the subway noise, whereas the experimental group listened to music presented from their smartphone under the subway noise through speakers at 73.45 dBA for 60 min. After completing the experiment, two groups also conducted both acoustic reflex thresholds and KSPIN tests in the same condition as the baseline. The results showed that there was a significant difference of correct percent in speech-in-noise test between experimental and control groups and of that between two signal-to-noise ratios, which means the double noise exposure of 60 min might cause some degradation of speech perception when noise increases compared to only subway noise condition that was not statistically significant difference. We concluded that a risk of some degraded speech perception ability would be expected when passengers have a habit of listening to music in the subway noisy situation for a long duration.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.28
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• pp.121-147
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• 2007

A large variety of mineral pigments has been used for Korean paintings and it has known that organic pigments have been used together on the Buddhist painting and the portrait. Haehakbando-do, which is from Honolulu Academy Museum in the United States, 12-fold screen was commissioned by Court of the late Joseon Dynasty in order to pray for the King's longevity. Therefore, it seems that all material used including pigments were selected very carefully and a great deal of technical effort was gone into its process. The purposes of this research were to estimate the pigments and the contributory elements of each color used on Haehakbando-do, in accordance with the conservation treatment carried out by Gochang Conservation Institute throughout last year. Without extracting sample, property of pigment was measured by nondestructive method, X-ray spectral analysis, and by comparing with the data about ancient pigments. In spite of the limited range of pigment analysis by nondestructive method, it should be noted that this method would not cause damage to the cultural properites. White pigment was found in all colored parts except the background, so it can be suggested that white color was used as a grounding of other color pigments. This would be flake white[$2PbCO_3{\cdot}Pb(OH)_2$] as Pb was found. Pb was the only element could be found in yellow, however, it can be organic pigment like Gamboge as same as background. Red would be Cinnabar (HgS) as hydrargyrum (Hg) was detected. For the light purple in cloud, organic pigments were probably used since any element is not detected except for Pb, which is used for background. It is possible that green color is the mixture of Malachite[$CuCO_3{\cdot}Cu(OH)_2$] and Azurite [$2CuCO_3{\cdot}Cu(OH)_2$], which share Cu as their main element. Azurite[$2CuCO_3{\cdot}Cu(OH)_2$] was used for bluish pigments. Black is carbon compound. For gold, solid gold (Au) was detected. It shows that gold was gilded on the flake white background. Red painted on the frame of screen was identified as Cinnabar (HgS) and the gold pattern was solid gold (Au). The supporting leg of folding screen was made of brass because both copper and zinc were detected. In conclusion, white pigment was used as grounding of all colors of Haehakbando-do, and specific pigments were used for each color. Additionally, result from the analysis of several pigments shows that mineral pigment and organic pigment, or different mineral pigments were mixed to make various colors.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.47 no.11
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• pp.750-757
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• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical availability of submentoplasty for esthethic improvement of the cervico-facial region of patients with obtuse chin-neck angle. Materials and methods : Case 1. We evaluate the changes of submental line length and chin-neck angle of 35-year-old woman with skeletal Class III and mandibular excess with excessive submental fat before and after surgery: Bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy(BSSRO) setback(5mm), Mandibular Angle Reduction, Reduction Malarplasty and Submentoplasty. In this case, It was done simultaneously with orthognathic surgery. Case 2. The changes of submental line length and chin-neck angle of 20-year-old man with skeletal class III and maxillary defiency were evaluated before surgery, at first surgery : Lefort I osteotomy(6mm posterior Impaction), BSSRO setback(9mm), Paranasal Augmentation and at second surgery: genioplasty(6mm advanced) with submentoplasty. In this case, submentoplasty and advancement genioplasty were done after 2 months post-operative periods. Results : Case 1. In case of the Skeletal Class III mandibular excess with submental fat deposit, It showed the improvement of submental angle and length of submental line after simultaneous submentoplasty. Submental angle is changed from $177^{\circ}$ (pre-op) to $151^{\circ}$ (post-op) and submental line length is changed from 8mm(pre-op) to 36mm(post-op). Case 2. The improvement of submental angle and length of submental line after delayed submentoplasty was aquired in case of the skeletal class III maxillary defiency. Submental angle is changed from $154^{\circ}$ (pre-op) to $161^{\circ}$ (first surgery) and to $153^{\circ}$ (second surgery) and submental line length is changed from 25mm(pre-op) to 19mm(first surgery) and to 23mm(second surgery). Conclusion : The results suggest that Submentoplasty is useful surgical procedure for esthethic improvement of the cervicofacial region of patients with obtuse chin-neck angle.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.47 no.11
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• pp.758-768
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• 2009

Purpose : Schulte introduced immediate implant cases in 1970s, since then many patients have been treated by immediate implants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cumulative survival rate of immediate implant and to analyze various factors associated with survival of immediate implant in a 8-year period retrospectively. Materials and methods : From May, 2000 to October, 2007, 77 implants were placed in 63 patients immediately after tooth extraction at Department of Periodontology, Yonsei University Hospital. The implant survival rate was analyzed using a life-table analysis. After delivery of prosthesis, along 1 year of observation period, all implants were evaluated clinically and radiographically. Results : Among 77 implants, 59 were placed in maxilla and 18 in mandible. The most common site of the implantation was Mx anterior (65%). The overall survival rate was 94.8% over a mean follow-up period of $44.2{\pm}21$ months and the 8-year cumulative survival rate was 94.6%. Failure occurred in 4 implants, all of which were due to early failures. None of the following factors were significantly associated with the survival of immediate implants: advanced surgical technique including bone graft and guided bone regeneration, the types of implants, causes of tooth loss, and types of prosthesis. Conclusion : On the basis of 8-year life time analysis, immediate implant placement can be considered a safe and predictable treatment mordality.