• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.189-193
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• 1997

Major separation for the active ingredients and structural identification were performed in order for qualitative and quantitative analysis on Ligustici rhizoma or Angelicae tenuissimae Radix as an oriental herbal medicine for anodyne. The structure, composition and contents of ingredients for essential oil were determined by means of GC/MS. Several Angelicae tenuissimae Radix harvested in Korea were extracted, which has shown the higher crude content compared to that from China. The major component in Angelcae tenuissimae Radix extract was found to be Z-ligustilide (70-80%), which is very different from that in Ligustici rhizoma of which major component is proven to be senkyunolide (39%) with GC/MS.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.508-514
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• 2004

Chrysanthemum boreale M. is an important medicinal plant that has been historically used in herbal medicine and in the health food throughout East Asia. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) on plant growth, mineral content and effective components, such as essential oil, amino acid and cumambrin A, by means in order to increase the productivity and the quality of flowerheads in the plant. Yields of flowerheads were increased by 12.7%, 21.7% and 15.5% by ABA, SA and both treatments, respectively, as compared with the control. Inorganic nutrient content was changed by PGRs; SA treatment was increased by nitrogen, phosphorus and magnesium content but decreased by potassium of C. boreale M. flowerheads. Total content of amino acid was increased by SA but decreased by ABA treatment. Essential oil content and yields were increased to 9.7% and 33.8% by SA treatment. Moreover, the content of terpene, monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids, were improved by ABA treatment, especially, germacrene-D content was increased by 39.1%, as compared to control. In addition, yields of cumambrin A, sesquiterpene compound exhibiting blood-pressure activity, increased in all PGRs treatments, but its concentration in the C. boreale M. flowerheads only increased by ABA and both treatment. The experiment suggests that PGRs using ABA and SA could increase the yields and quality of C. boreale M. flowerheads.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.1384-1390
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• 2011

Chrysanthemum indicum L. (Asteraceae) is a common traditional herbal medicine used for the treatment of inflammation, hypertension, and respiratory diseases due to its strong antagonistic function against inflammatory cytokines. In this study, the effects of Chrysanthemum indicum L. extract (CIE) on the function of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells and the production of local factors in osteoblasts were investigated. CIE (100 ${\mu}g/mL$) significantly increased the growth of MC3T3-E1 cells and caused a significant elevation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and the deposition of collagen and calcium in the cells (p<0.05). The effect of CIE in increasing cell growth, ALP activity, and collagen content was completely prevented by the presence of 1 ${\mu}M$ tamoxifen, suggesting that CIE's effect might be partly involved in estrogen-related activities. These results indicate that the enhancement of osteoblast functionality by CIE may prevent osteoporosis and inflammatory bone diseases.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.506-515
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the distribution status and UI(urbanization index) of the naturalized plants and exotic plants. For this purpose 7 cities and counties in the northern South Jeolla Province were selected and investigations were conducted on a total of 14 sites, two sites from each city or county, during the period of March to November 2006. The exotic plants were identified as 111 taxa; 26 families, 79 genera, 105 species, and 6 varieties. As for urbanization index, Hampyeong County had the highest level of urbanization(21.95%) and Gokseong County the lowest level of urbanization(16.38%). Naturalized plants classified as family were as follows: Compositae was 36 kinds(32.43%) Graminae 17 kinds(15.31%) and Leguminosae 7 kinds(6.31%). Major communities of naturalized plants consisted of 21 communities including Robinia pseudoacacia-Amorpha fruticosa community, Erigeron annuus community, Erigeron canadensis community etc. Invasive naturalized plants consisted of 7 taxa: Paspalum disticum var. indutum, Paspalum distichum, Rumex acetocella, Solanum carolinense, Aster pilosus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior and Ambrosia trifida. The study shows that the integrated management of exotic plants on a national scale is needed. It also recommend that a systematic and integrated management of exotic plants in the northern South Jeolla Province is crucial to preserve and protect natural species.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.243-243
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• 1994

Although active systemic anaphylaxis and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis have been empolyed to study anaphylactic hypersensitivity, it is difficult and time-consuming to induce these reactions in experimental animals. In recent, Jun et al have found a simple method to induced anaphylactic hypersensitivity such as anaphylactic shock(AS) and cutaneous reaction(CR) using compound48/80. Cortex mori (Morus alba L.), the root bark of mulberry tree has been used as an antiphlogistic, diuretic, and expectorant in herbal medicine. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the methanol extract of Cortex mori could inhibit the compound 48/80-induced AS and CR. To induce AS, various doses of compound 48/80 (5, 7.5, 10, 15$\mu\textrm{g}$/gm B.W.) were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) into ICR mice. The animals were pretreated by three injection(i.p.) of Cortex mori before compound 48/80 administration. Peripheral blood was collected from the right ventricle to estimate the level of serum histamine at 15 minutes after the injctin(i.p.) of various concentration of compound48/80. Mortility rate, mean death time and mesenteric mast cell degranulation rate were evaluated over a 72 hour period. To estimate the effect of Cortex mori on compound 48/80-induced cutaneous reaction, various doses of compound 48/80 with or without Cortex mori were injected intradermally(i.d.) into the shaved flank of Sprague-Dawley rats, and the blue cutaneous patchs induced by Evans'blue injection at the compound 48/80 alone and Cortex mori plus compound 48/80 injection sites were observed. As a Parameter of these reactions, the levels of histamine in the supernatant, calcium uptake and intracellular CAMP of RPMC were measured. supernatant, 1)compound 48/80-induced mortility rate, mean death time, mesenteric mast cell degranulation rate, and serum histamine level in ICR mice were significantly inhibited by pretreatment of Cortex mori, 2) cutaneous reaction inducd by compound48/80 was well developed in Sprague-Dawley rat, but Cortex mori inhibited the compound 48/80-induced blue patch formation remarkably, 3) the compound 48/80-induced degranulation, histamine release and calcium uptake of RPMC pretreated with Cortex mori were significantly inhibited, compared to those of control without Cortex mori pretreatment, and 4)the level of cAMP of RPMC was reduced bythe increased concentration of compound 48/80, pretreatment of Cortex mori not only inhibited the compound 48/80-induced reduction of CAMP but also significantly increased the level of cAMP naturally, from the above results, it is suggested that Cortex mori has an some substances with an ability to inhibits the compound 48/80-induced AS,CR, and mast cell activation.

• THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN ORIENTAL ONCOLOGY
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-27
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• 1997

This study was performed to investigate the effects of Eunwhasagantang and Eunwhasagantangganokyong on the viability of tumor cells in vitro(MTT assay), on antitumor effects after Sarcoma-180 cells transplantation into the peritoneal cavity or left groin, and on decreased immune responses in mice induced by methotrexate. The extracts of its herbal medicines were orally administered for 14 or 21 days. To evaluate the effects of the Eunwhasagantang and Eunwhasagantangganokyong many items such as 50% inhibitory concentration($IC_{50}$), mean survival days, tumor and body weight for antitumor effects, and delayed type hypersensitivity, hemagglutinin titer, hemolysin titer, rosette forming cells, natural killer cell activity, lymphocyte transformation, productivity of interleukin-2 and phagocytic activity for immune responses were measured in ICR mice. The results were obtained as follows; 1. $IC_{50}$ of Eunwhasagantang treated group was 0.000204mg/ml on SNU-396 and that of Eunwhasagantangganokyong treated group was 0.000103mg／ml on SNU-1, those results indicate that the medicine has high antitumor activity. 2. Mean survival times in Eunwhasagantang and Eunwhasagantangganokyong treated groups were slightly increased with no significance, as compared with the control group. 3. Tumor weight in Eunwhasagantang and Eunwhasagantangganokyong treated group was depressed, as compared with the control group(p<0.01). 4. Body weight in Eunwhasagantang and Eunwhasagantangganokyong treated group was significantly increased, as compared with the control group(p<0.05). 5. Delayed type hypersensitivity in Eunwhasagantang and Eunwhasagantang-ganokyong treated group was slightly decreased with no significance, as compared with the control group. 6. Hemagglutinin titer in Eunwhasagantang and Eunwhasagantangganokyong treated group was slightly increased with no significance, as compared with the control group. 7. Hemolysin titer only in Eunwhasagantang treated group was significantly increased, as compared with the control group(p<0.01). 8. Rosette forming cells only in Eunwhasagantangganokyong treated group was slightly increased with no significance, as compared with the control group. 9. In the NK cell activity, the ratio of effector cells and target cells of the Eunwhasagantang treated group was significantly increased(p<0.01) in case which the ratio was 100: 1, and that of the Eunwhasagantangganokyong treated group was significantly increased(P<.01, p<0.05) in case which the ratio was 100:1, 50:1, as compared with the control group. 10. Lymphocyte trasnformation in Eunwhasagantang and Eunwhasagantangganokyong treated group was significantly increased, as compared with the control group(p<0.01). 11. Interleukin-2 in Eunwhasagantang and Eunwhasagantangganokyong treated group was significantly increased, as compared with the control group(p<0.05, p<0.01). 12. Phagocytic activity in Eunwhasagantang and Eunwhasagantangganokyong treated group was significantly increased, as compared with the control group(p<0.05). According to the above results, it could be suggested that Eunwhasagantang and Eunwhasagantangganokyong have prominent antitumor effects, and enhance both cellular and humoral immunity.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.830-838
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• 2020

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of radiation mutant Perilla frutescens var. crispa on bone metabolism and the inflammatory response in a monosodium iodoacetateinduced rat model of osteoarthritis. radiation mutant Perilla frutescens var. crispa was administered orally at doses of 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks before direct injection of monosodium iodoacetate (3 mg/50 μl of 0.9% saline) into the intra-articular space of the rats' right knees. The rats subsequently received the same doses of oral radiation mutant Perilla frutescens var. crispa for another 4 weeks. It was evaluated that the treatment effects based on serum biomarkers, and morphological and histopathological analysis of the knee joints. Compared with those in control rats, the radiation mutant Perilla frutescens var. crispa treatments significantly reduced the serum levels of inflammation, bone metabolism markers (i.e., COX-2, LTB4, MMP-3, and COMP), and the amount of fibrous tissue. Otherwise, it was significantly increased the concentration of TIMP-1 and calcitonin. In addition, the radiation mutant Perilla frutescens var. crispa treatments effectively preserved the knee cartilage and synovial membrane. As a result, it indicates that radiation mutant Perilla frutescens var. crispa prevented and alleviated osteoarthritis symptoms. Thus, radiation mutant Perilla frutescens var. crispa can be used in food and drug material for the management of osteoarthritis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.424-430
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of mycelia of Lentinus edoes mushroom-cultured Lonicera japonica Thunberg (LLJ) on proliferation of the cancer cell lines (Hep3B, MCF-7 and HeLa), sarcoma 180 (S-180) and antiallergy. In an anti-cancer test using Hep3B (hepatic cancer cell), MCF-7 (breast cancer cell) and HeLa (uterine cancer cell), LLJ extract showed higher antiproliferating effect than that of LJ (Lonicera japonica Thunberg) extract. In an anti-cancer testing using Hep3B cells, LLJ extract showed growth-inhibitory effect of $85.60{\pm}4.66%$ at 3mg/rnL. In an anti-cancer testing using MCF-7 cells, LLJ and LJ extracts showed high antiproliferating effect. LLJ showed the tumor suppressive effect in mice injected with S-180 cells. The growth-inhibitory rates against tumor cells were 61% for LLJ, 37% for LJ. LLJ inhibited histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells activated by compound 48/80. These results suggest that Lentinus edodes mushroom-cultured herb has an antiproliferating effect against cancer cell lines (Hep3B, MCF-7 and HeLa) and S-180 tumor, and will be beneficial in the treatment of allergic reaction.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.169-176
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• 2015

Objectives : This study is to investigate the effects of Rhizoma drynariae aqueous extract(RDA) on cell cytotoxicity, Nitric Oxide (NO) and Prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$ production and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl ghdrazyl(DPPH) free radical scavenging capability. Methods : Cell cytotoxicity was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay. The production of NO was measured by Griess assay. The production of $PGE_2$ was measured by immunoassay. And, the anti-oxidant activity was measured by the DPPH method. Results : Cell cytotoxicity in 50, 100, 200 and $400{\mu}g/ml$ RDA did not increase significantly compared to the RDA untreated group. RDA($200{\mu}g/ml$ and $400{\mu}g/ml$) inhibited NO and $PGE_2$ production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. RDA had high DPPH free radical scavenging capability. Conclusions : This study indicates that RDA inhibits NO and $PGE_2$ production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and improve DPPH free radical scavenging capability. RDA may have an anti-inflammation effect and an anti-oxidant activity.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.127-131
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• 2012

In this study we examined the changes in expression of pigments in black rice during kernel development, which were sampled at 2~3-day intervals to the 40th day after flowering. The first expression of pigment on kernels was observed on the seed coat about 5 days after flowering. At that times, the ratio of pigment expression was 0.08% of total area. The order in expression of pigments in black rice during kernel development was top first, followed by bottom, dorsal side, then ventral side. Maximum percentage of the total colored area in kernel was about 25 days after flowering. After that, the color has changed to dark purple from pale purple during kernel development after flowering. After harvesting, the non-uniform color kernels were observed. As a result, the ventral side in a kernel was a position of the non-uniform color such as a mixture of pale purple and dark purple. Also, we could be concluded that patten of pigment expression was similar in kernel development.