• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.760-763
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• 2022

The dorsal metacarpal artery perforator flap is a flap that rises from the hand dorsum. Owing to its reliability and versatility, this flap is used as a workhorse for finger defect. However, to cover the radial-volar defect of the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) of the index finger, a longer flap is required than before. Here, we introduce the oblique extended reverse first dorsal metacarpal artery (FDMA) perforator flap to cover the radial-volar aspect defect of the index finger. A 45-year-old man got injured to the radial-volar defect of PIPJ of the left index finger caused by thermal press machine. The wound was 2 × 1 cm in size, and the joint and bone were exposed. We used FDMA perforator from anastomosis with palmar metacarpal artery at metacarpal neck. Since the defect was extended to the volar side, the flap was elevated by oblique extension to the fourth metacarpal base level. The fascia was included to the flap, and the flap was rotated counterclockwise. Finally, PIPJ was fully covered by the flap. Donor site was primarily closed. After 12 months of operation, the flap was stable without complication and limitation of range of motion. The oblique extended reverse FDMA perforator flap is a reliable method for covering the radial-volar defect of the PIPJ of the index finger. This flap, which also has an aesthetic advantage, will be a good choice for hand surgeons who want to cover the PIPJ defect of the index finger using a nonmicrosurgical option.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.599-603
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• 2016

When traditional flap techniques are not feasible, we apply flap prefabrication, which is more complicated and sophisticated but supplies large and thin flaps. There are some disadvantages to the technique that require improvement, such as venous congestion after flap transfer, which requires months for neoangiogenesis and necessitates a vascular carrier. Here, the author presents a new technique, called as 'microdissected prefabricated flap,' to successfully produce a safe, large, and thin flap. This technique is based on the microdissection of the perforators to the greatest extent possible, spreading them out into the subdermal level and using them as a carrier. The details and the application of this technique are presented and reported.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.1013-1019
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• 2000

A numerical investigation was performed to determine the effect of the Gurney flap on a NACA 23012 airfoil. A Navier-Stokes code, RAMPANT, was used to calculate the flow field about the airfoil. Fully-turbulent results were obtained using the standard ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ two-equation turbulence model. The numerical solutions showed that the Gurney flap increased both lift and drag. These results suggested that the Gurney flap served to increase the effective camber of the airfoil. The Gurney flap provided a significant increase in the lift-to-drag ratio relatively at low angle of attack and for high lift coefficient. It turned out that 0.6% chord size of flap was the best. The numerical results exhibited detailed flow structures at the trailing edge and provided a possible explanation for the increased aerodynamic performance.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.227-228
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• 2008

In the present paper, fowler flap was optimized to maximize the lift with response surface method. Leading edge shape and the gap between main airfoil and flap, were optimized and the aerodynamic characteristics was improved considerably. The optimized flap has more rounded leading edge and bigger gap. Before angle of attack, $10^{\circ}$, lift and drag are improved and the optimized flap shows similar aerodynamic characteristics to the original flap. The flow condition for optimization was angle of attack, $10^{\circ}$, Mach number, 0.2, flap deflection, $40^{\circ}$.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.227-228
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• 2008

In the present paper, fowler flap was optimized to maximize the lift with response surface method. Leading edge shape and the gap between main airfoil and flap, were optimized and the aerodynamic characteristics was improved considerably. The optimized flap has more rounded leading edge and bigger gap. Before angle of attack, $10^{\circ}$, lift and drag are improved and the optimized flap shows similar aerodynamic characteristics to the original flap. The flow condition for optimization was angle of attack, $10^{\circ}$, Mach number, 0.2, flap deflection, $40^{\circ}$.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.80-86
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• 1997

The lateral arm flap was reported first by Song et al. in 1982, and Katsaros and colleagues described an anatomic study and clinical cases in 1984. This flap is thin, has relatively constant vascular anatomy, and provides relatively acceptable scar at the donor site. Despite its many advantages its wide application has been limited by its short vascular pedicle with small diameter of lumen, and its small skin paddle. We studied its anatomical structure to get longer length of vascular pedicle, wide diameter and thinner part of flap beyond the lateral condyle through 6 fresh cadaver dissection and dye injection study. We experienced 21 cases of lateral arm free flaps and 26 cases of forearm free flaps from May, 1992 to January, 1996. We compared its usefulness with forearm free flaps in the aspects of donor morbidity, operative factors, quality of flap, and versatility. In conclusion, lateral arm flap can replace the role of forearm flap in most cases so that patient's donor morbidity can be reduced especially in the women.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.305-318
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• 1991

Reconstructive techniques of orofacial defects are very varied. In recent years, myocutaneous flaps, in particular the pectoralis major or latissimus doris myocutaneous flap have achieved popularity. In 1983, Soutar et. al. used the forearm free flap that had been developed in in China and popularised the radial forearm fasciocutaneous flap to reconstruct defects in the orofacial region. This paper presents the authors experience with 10 consecutive patients in which 12 flaps were used either as a fascioncutaneous flap or as a composite flap incorporating part of the radius. Some literatures were reviewed and the clinical results were discussed.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.126-129
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• 2024

The square flap method has been successful in releasing contracture bands at various body regions. However, the original square flap method alone may not be efficient in releasing long contracture bands. We, therefore, proposed an extended design to the traditional design, which is called the "square-plus flap." A 4-year-old girl presented with a postburn web-like contracture band over the right axilla. We marked a square flap technique at the center of the contracture band and then two additional Z-plasties were placed on both edges of the flap. After the release and securing of the square flap, the adjacent distal Z-plasty was then transposed and sutured in their new locations. We do not need to incise the proximal Z-plasty as we could achieve complete relaxation of the contracture band. This novel modification can be added to the plastic surgeon's armamentarium for releasing long postburn contracture bands involving distinct body regions.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2012

Purpose: To report the clinical results of the perforated-based propeller flap for lower extremity soft tissue reconstruction. Materials and Methods: Between January 2010 and June 2012, a total of 16 defects in the lower extremities were covered with perforator-based propeller flaps. Retrospective data for location and size of the defect, flap dimension, pedicle artery, pedicle rotation, complications were obtained. Results: Peroneal artery-based perforator flap were used in eleven cases, posterior tibial artery-based perforator flap in two cases, anterior tibial artery-based perforator flap in one case and medial plantar artery-based perforator flap in two cases. The average size of the flaps was $63cm^2$. The marginal skin necrosis of the flaps as a complication was developed in two cases, one of which was covered with split-thickness skin graft. There were no functional deficits from the donor site. Conclusion: For the reconstruction of lower extremities, the perforator-based propeller flap could be a reasonable alternative as it is a simple, safe and versatile technique.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.105-113
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• 2015

The main challenge in pharyngoesophageal reconstruction is the restoration of swallow and speech functions. The aim of this paper is to review the reconstructive options and associated complications for patients with head and neck cancer. A literature review was performed for pharynoesophagus reconstruction after ablative surgery of head and neck cancer for studies published between January 1980 to July 2015 and listed in the PubMed database. Search queries were made using a combination of 'esophagus' and 'free flap', 'microsurgical', or 'free tissue transfer'. The search query resulted in 123 studies, of which 33 studies were full text publications that met inclusion criteria. Further review into the reference of these 33 studies resulted in 15 additional studies to be included. The pharyngoesophagus reconstruction should be individualized for each patient and clinical context. Fasciocutaneous free flap and pedicled flap are effective for partial phayngoesophageal defect. Fasciocutaneous free flap and jejunal free flap are effective for circumferential defect. Pedicled flaps remain a safe option in the context of high surgical risk patients, presence of fistula. Among free flaps, anterolateral thigh free flap and jejunal free flap were associated with superior outcomes, when compared with radial forearm free flap. Speech function is reported to be better for the fasciocutaneous free flap than for the jejunal free flap.