• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.184-194
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• 2016

In existing identification methods for on-orbit spacecraft, such as eigensystem realization algorithm (ERA) and subspace method identification (SMI), singular value decomposition (SVD) is used frequently to estimate the modal parameters. However, these identification methods are often used to process the linear time-invariant system, and there is a lower computation efficiency using the SVD when the system order of spacecraft is high. In this study, to improve the computational efficiency in identifying time-varying modal parameters of large spacecraft, a faster recursive algorithm called fast approximated power iteration (FAPI) is employed. This approach avoids the SVD and can be provided as an alternative spacecraft identification method, and the latest modal parameters obtained can be applied for updating the controller parameters timely (e.g. the self-adaptive control problem). In numerical simulations, two large flexible spacecraft models, the Engineering Test Satellite-VIII (ETS-VIII) and Soil Moisture Active/Passive (SMAP) satellite, are established. The identification results show that this recursive algorithm can obtain the time-varying modal parameters, and the computation time is reduced significantly.

• Atmosphere
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.163-174
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• 2018

In order to assimilate MHS satellite data into the convective scale model at KMA, ATOVS data are reprocessed to utilize the original high-resolution data. And then to improve the preprocessing experiments for cloud detection were performed and optimized to convective-scale model. The experiment which is land scattering index technique added to Observational Processing System to remove contaminated data showed the best result. The analysis fields with assimilation of MHS are verified against with ECMWF analysis fields and fit to other observations including Sonde, which shows improved results on relative humidity fields at sensitive level (850-300 hPa). As the relative humidity of upper troposphere increases, the bias and RMSE of geopotential height are decreased. This improved initial field has a very positive effect on the forecast performance of the model. According to improvement of model field, the Equitable Threat Score (ETS) of precipitation prediction of $1{\sim}20mm\;hr^{-1}$ was increased and this impact was maintained for 27 hours during experiment periods.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.170-176
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• 2013

Power converters produce a vast range of harmonics, subharmonics and interharmonics. Harmonics analyzing tools based on the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) assume that only harmonics are present and the periodicity intervals are fixed, while these periodicity intervals are variable and long in the presence of interharmonics. Using FFT may lead to invalid and undesired results due to the above mentioned issues. They can also lead to problems such as frequency blending, spectral leakage and the picket-fence effect. In this paper, the group-harmonic weighting (GHW) approach has been presented to identify the interharmonics in a power system. Afterwards, a modified GHW has been introduced to calculate the proper bandwidth for analyzing the various values of interharmonics. Modifying this method leads to more precise results in the FFT of a waveform containing inter harmonics especially in power systems with a fundamental frequency drift or frequency interference. Numerical simulations have been performed to prove the efficiency of the presented algorithm in interharmonics detection and to increase the accuracy of the FFT and the GWH methods.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.265-269
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of vitrification procedure for the cryopreservation of porcine oocytes and the utilization of vitrified oocytes as recipient cytoplasts for somatic cell nuclear transfer (NT), and observed that porcine oocytes are evaluated by pronuclear formation, and parthenogenetic development. Single fetal donor cells were deposited into the perivitelline space of vitrified enucleation oocytes, followed by electrical fusion and activation. NT embryos were cultured in NCSU-23 medium supplemented with 5% FBS, at $38.5^{\circ}C$ in 5% $CO_2$ and air. 1. When the developmental rates of the oocytes after being culture for $0{\sim}10$ hours vitrified with EDS and ETS were 42.0%, 38.0%, respectively. This results were lower than the control group(62.2%). 2. When the developmental rates of the oocytes after being culture for $0{\sim}10$ hours vitrified-thawed with sucrose and glucose, 5% PVP, NCSU-23 supplemented with 10% FBS were 33.3%, 25.9%, respectively. This results were lower than the control group(55.6%). 3. The fusion and development to the blastocyst stage between the NT embryos constructed with the vitrified and non-vitrified oocytes were significant differences. Developmental rate of oocytes and NT embryos constructed with the vitrified or non-vitrified oocytes were $13.0{\pm}2.4%\;and\;23.2{\pm}2.4%$, respectively.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.11
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• pp.3465-3473
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• 2021

For a long time, research into integrated deterministic-probabilistic safety assessment has been continuously conducted to point out and overcome the limitations of classical ET (event tree)/FT (fault tree) based PSA (probabilistic safety assessment). The current paper also attempts to assert the reason why a technical transformation from classical PSA is necessary with a re-interpretation of the categories of risk. In this study, residual risk was classified into interpolating- and extrapolating-censored categories, which represent risks that are difficult to identify through an interpolation or extrapolation of representative scenarios due to potential nonlinearity between hardware and human behaviors intertwined in time and space. The authors hypothesize that such risk can be dealt with only if the classical ETs/FTs are freely relocated, entailing large-scale computation associated with physical models. The functional elements that are favorable to find residual risk were inferred from previous studies. The authors then introduce their under-development enabling techniques, namely DICE (Dynamic Integrated Consequence Evaluation) and DeBATE (Deep learning-Based Accident Trend Estimation). This work can be considered as a preliminary initiative to find the bridging points between deterministic and probabilistic assessments on the pillars of big data technology.

• Journal of Clinical Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.290-294
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• 2018

Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC) has histologic similarities to not only acinic cell carcinoma but also other low grade cystadenocarcinoma, and has similar features to breast secretory carcinoma. MASC was not described through the existing classification system previously. But, MASC was distinguished from other salivary gland tumors by Skalova et al. in 2010, MASC has ets variant gene 6-neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 3 (ETV6-NTRK3) translocation. So far, there are 4 cases of MASC recognized in the head and neck region in Korea. One of the four is a tumor from the submandibular gland, and the other three are of the parotid gland. In this case report, we report a 40-year-old man with a MASC of the parotid gland, who presented with right infra-auricular mass.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2014.05a
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• pp.355-357
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• 2014

Linux environment that is commonly used at embedded systems, supports various file systems as Ext2, FAT, NTFS, ets. The file system that is equiped on the embedded system is mostly implemented on mini hard disk or flash memory. The types of the file system of the system make an effect on the performance of a application programs. The factors of file system performance on a same media are block allocation and block free time. On these factors, block free time is not so different according to the type of file systems. This thesis performs the performance benchmark of a Ext2, FAT and NTFS file systems about block allocation performance. As the result, it is discussed that what file system is better at which case.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.65 no.8
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• pp.95-109
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• 2015

The purpose of this Study is to understand Supsin (shoes for dead) in late Chosun dynasty through records and excavated relics. The research records in this study were two types which one was official records as The Annals of The Chosean Dynasty(朝鮮王朝實錄), Dairy of the Royal Secretariat(承政院日記) ets and the other was private records as Korean literary collections of confucian scholars in classical chinese(文集) ect. as for relics use two types of materials that one is the excavated supsins and the other is Research Reports of Excavated Costumes published from museums. Through the Collections, we can notice that shoes were several types which Wunhae(雲鞋), Danghae(唐鞋) Onhae(溫鞋) Wunli(雲履), Taesahae(太史鞋) in Chosun dynasty. these were worn in different ways according to wearer's gender, the social status, daily life or rituals, inside or outside in palace. Wunhae and Wunli was the most ceremonial shoes for man and Onhae was the most ceremonial shoes for woman. the dead man worn the Wunhae or Wunli for Supsin and the dead woman worn Onhae. we could see they use the most ceremonial shoes for supsin. through the records, we could see the change that Women's Supsin was written for the first time in 18th Saraepyenram(四禮便覽). men's Supsin was recorded as '履', while Women's Supsin was recorded as '鞋' in Saraepyenram. the reason for making difference between man and woman in costumes(男女有別). and the excavated Supsin showed that the dead worn more ceremonial shoes than records. these changes mean one of the results for making korean style rituals from chinese style(國俗化).

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2017

Objective: This study was designed to report the status of assisted reproductive technology (ART) therapy in South Korea between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2012. Methods: A localized online survey, originally developed by the International Committee Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies, was first launched and provided to all available ART centers via email in 2015. Fresh embryo transfer (FET) cases were categorized as standard in vitro fertilization, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), or half-ICSI. Thawed embryo transfer (TET) and other related procedures, including surgical sperm retrieval, were surveyed. Results: Data from 33,956 ovum pick-up procedures were provided by 75 clinics in 2012. Of the 33,088 cycles in which ovums were retrieved, a complete transfer was performed in 90.5% (29,932 cycles). In addition, 10,079 FET cycles were confirmed to have resulted in clinical pregnancy, representing a pregnancy rate of 30.5% per ovum pick-up and 33.7% per ET. The most common number of embryos transferred in FET was 2 (41.6%), followed by 3 (34.0%), and non-elective single ETs (10.0%). Of the 10,404 TET cycles in which transfer was completed, 3,760 clinical pregnancies (36.1%) were confirmed by ultrasonography. Conclusion: The overall clinical pregnancy rate for FET and TET cycles in 2012 was higher than in 2011 (33.7% vs. 33.2% and 36.1% vs. 31.1%, respectively). The most common number of embryos transferred in FET cycles was 2, unlike in 2011.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.256-264
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to find out tobacco control education taught graduate, baccalaureate and associate degree-nursing programs in Korea. Method: A valid and reliable questionnaire previously used to assess tobacco use in medical and nursing schools in the United States was translated and revalidated. Surveys were sent out to all the graduate, baccalaureate and associate nursing programs in Korea. All 6-tobacco curricula content areas recommended by the United States National Cancer Institute and the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research was included. Result: Majority of BSN (93.2%-75%) and AD (92.3%-64.1%) programs were teaching health hazards, cancer risk, health effects of tobacco, effects of ETS, contents of cigarette, withdrawal symptoms and high risk groups of smoking as a part of required courses. However, 87.5% (14/16) of graduate, 50.0% (22/44) in baccalaureate, 53.8% (21/39) in associate degree programs were not teaching about the 5 A's. Of those who reported teaching smoking cessation strategies, they were covered most frequently in Community Nursing (50%), Adult Health Nursing (43.8%) on the graduate level, and in Community Nursing (65.9%-BSN, 76.9%-AD) and Adult Health (54.5%-BSN, 74.4%-AD) on the undergraduate level. 31.1% (5/16) in Graduate, 18.2%(8/44) in BSN, 10.3% (4/39) in Associate Degree programs reported that there are no smoking students in their schools and rest of the schools reported either do not know or they have 1 to more than 21% of students smoking. Conclusion: The study results identifies the quantity and level of tobacco control content in three different nursing programs and will help in developing curricular guidelines in the future. Further survey needs to be done on nursing students' knowledge, attitude and belief on smoking and smoking cessation.