• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2004년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2004
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• pp.7-9
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to analyze the climatic water balance of the Korean peninsula using meteorological data and the evapotranspiration (ET) derived from NOAA/AVHRR. Quantifying water balance components is important to understand the basic hydrology. In this study, a simple method to estimate the ET was proposed based on a regression approach between NDVI and Morton's actual ET using NOAA/AVHRR data. The Morton's actual ET for land surface conditions was evaluated using a daily meteorological data from 77 weather stations, and the monthly averaged Morton's ETs for each land cover was compared with the monthly NDVIs during the year 2001. According to the climatic water balance analysis, water deficit and surplus distributed maps were created from spatial rainfall, soil moisture, and actual and potential ETs map. The results clearly showed that the temporal and spatial characteristics of dryness and wetness may be detected and mapped based on the wetness index.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 1999년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.28-31
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to see the effect of microbial population and dynamics of the indigeonous microorganisms on hydrocarbon contaminated areas. The microbial structures and activities to determine the microbial capabilities of the contaminated sites are very important for the remedial action technology selection. Throughout microbial studies on different conditions by ETS(Electron Transport System) and microbial activity analysis, it was found that aeration and water contents are the most important factors in this site remediation. According to test results, Burkholderia spp. was dominant species, and acclimation is also an important factor for the accerelated biodegradation.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2013

The introduction of aviation into the EU-ETS has faced significant opposition from many ICAO member States. Accordingly a global solution through ICAO is in progress. This paper traces the progress of works done by the HGCC in the area of global aviation aspiration goals aiming for the submission to the 38th Session of the ICAO Assembly. Furthermore, devices for calculating the carbon dioxide emissions from flights have been developed by several agencies including international organizations, governments, airlines and nongovernmental organizations. These carbon calculators, however, introduce too many assumptions to simplify the calculation process. This study assesses carbon calculators for aviation emissions and suggests a modified calculation methodology using the pre-existing computer reservation system for better accuracy.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.419-432
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• 2017

Objectives: This study provides an evaluation of the effectiveness of acupuncture for the treatment of essential tremors (ETs) using randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: Nine databases (PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, OASIS, NDSL, CNKI, Wanfang, J-STAGE, and CiNii) and the keywords "Essential tremor", "Benign tremor", "Familial tremor", and "Acupuncture" were used to compile RCTs that used acupuncture to treat ETs. Studies that were not RCTs, such as case studies, reviews, and essays, were excluded. The methodological quality of each RCT was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, and where appropriate, meta-analyses were performed. Results: Initially, 819 studies were found, but 773 were excluded after title and abstract screening. After further screening of the resulting 46 papers, eight RCTs were selected that had been published between 2003 and 2016, and the total effective rate (TER) was used as the primary evaluation method for all eight studies. It was found that the TER was significantly higher in treatment groups (83.33-96.7%) than in control groups (56.5-80.0%), and seven studies included in the meta-analysis showed positive results for acupuncture for ETs (Risk Ratio: 1.43, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.21-1.69, P<0.0001) Confidence Interval. Conclusions: This meta-analysis of clinical trials suggests that acupuncture is effective for treating ET patients; however, further studies are needed or larger populations to prove its effectiveness.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2011년도 제42회 하계학술대회
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• pp.646-647
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• 2011

우리나라의 경우 RPS는 신재생전력 보급확대라는 에너지 정책의 일환으로 시작되었으며 현재까지 환경정책의 일환으로 고려되지 않고 있다. 이와 같이 에너지정책만을 고려한 RPS가 시행되고 있는상황에서 ETS가 도입되면 의무대상자인 발전사업자들은 이중규제를 받게 된다. 중복 규제로 인해 발전사업자들은 비용 부담이 가중될 것으로 예상됨으로 RPS와 ETS간 연계를 통해 부담을 완화시킬 수 있는 정책옵션이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 양 제도간 효과적인 연계방안을 제시하고 개발된 모형을 통해 그 효과에 대해 분석하고자 한다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2002

Adolescents exposed chronically to tobaccotobacco smoke have been found to have reduced pulmonary function as well as an increased risk of lung cancer and a serious heart disease. Consequently, reducing exposure to tobacco smoke is an important public health goal. This study was conducted to develope the exact evaluation method of student smoker or heavy exposure from ETS, and the change on smoking behavior and attitude after a stop-smoking program. From the study, we concluded that the cotinine concentrations in saliva from students indicate exactly whether they are smoker or not. Also, it was found that the more and exact informations from both the cotinine analysis and the questionnaire were obtained than from only the questionnaires. The non-smokers had more positive effects on the changes of cog-nitions, behaviors and attitude about passive-smoking after a stop-smoking program than the smokers. The results of this study show that through both the accurate determination of cotinine in saliva and the questionnaires, the smoking status and the tobacco education effectiveness can be predicted.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제38권12호
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• pp.1029-1036
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• 2015

Appropriate vessel development and its coordinated function is essential for proper embryogenesis and homeostasis in the adult. Defects in vessels cause birth defects and are an important etiology of diseases such as cardiovascular disease, tumor and diabetes retinopathy. The accumulative data indicate that ETV2, an ETS transcription factor, performs a potent and indispensable function in mediating vessel development. This review discusses the recent progress of the study of ETV2 with special focus on its regulatory mechanisms and cell fate determining role in developing mouse embryos as well as somatic cells.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.378-385
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• 2009

Arsenic (As) is known to be very toxic and carcinogenic to human beings. Arsenic contaminated soil was collected from a timber mill site at Busan Metropolitan City, Korea, where chromated copper arsenate (CCA) had been used to protect wood from rotting caused by insects and microbial agents. The soil was stabilized using both natural oyster shells (NOS) and calcinated oyster shells (POS). The calcination of natural oyster shells was accomplished at a high temperature in order to activate quicklime from calcite. Two different oyster shell particle sizes (-#10 mesh and -#20 mesh) and curing periods of up to 28 days were investigated. The stabilization effectiveness was evaluated based on the Korean Standard Test (KST) method (1N HCl extraction). The stabilization results showed that the POS treatment was more effective than the NOS treatment at immobilizing the As in the contaminated soils. A significant As reduction (96%) was attained upon a POS treatment at 20 wt% and passed the Korean warning standard of 20 mg/kg ('Na' area). However, an As reduction of only 47% (169 mg/kg) was achieved upon a NOS treatment at 20 wt%. The -#20 mesh oyster shells seem to perform better than the -#10 materials. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) results showed that As immobilization was strongly associated with Ca and O in the presence of Al and Si.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2016

Global aviation is projected to grow in demand by an annual average of 4.1% between 2014 and 2034. It can be said that environmental impact from aviation will therefore be expected to increase on a similar scale. As regards civil aviation emissions, the sector contributes between 2~3% to International aviation GHG emissions. In the European Union(EU), aviation emissions account for about 3% of the EU's total green house gas emissions, of which a majority are said to come from international flights. In terms of traffic volume in 2013, Korea's international aviation industry 11th with regard to passengers and 3rd with regard to cargo, attaining the overall rank of 5th in the world. GHG emissions has been increasing steadily over the last 4 years, averaging 3.9 percent a year, due to the growth of low cost carriers and the increased demand for air transportations. As for aviation in Korea, there are a number of means intended to attain the Government's emission control objective in an efficient manner, such as AVA (Agreement of Voluntary Activity), TMS (Target Management System) and ETS (Emission Trading Scheme). In addition, the Government intends to better adapt to ICAO's Global MBM(Market-based Measures) that will come into performance on Year 2020. In the study, we focused on GHG mitigation measures that is fulfilling the AVA, TMS, ETS in the Government and suggest the effective measures to reduction the aviation GHG emissions.

• 대한한방종양학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.61-75
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• 1999

To examine the effect of Xuefuzhuyutang on the metastasis of cancer, the following experiments were carried out. Before the main experiments, the cytotoxicity was measured by putting Xuefuzhuyutant sample in HT1080. Then zymography was made to examine the change of gelatinolytic activity. Western blotting was carried out to examine the changes of Fos, Jun, Ets, Erk, md JNK. In vitro invasion assay with transwells coated by collagen and matrigel was carried out. From the above results the following conclusions were obtained. 1. The experimental result about cytotoxicity of Xuefuzhuyutang agaitst HT1080 was a below. The stained cell count after being treated by by Xuefuzhuyutang sample $400{\mu}g/ml$ for 24 hours was 0.9% of total cells, and the stained cell count by Xuefuzhuyutang sample $100{\mu}g/ml$ was 1.5% of total cells. Both were near the level of control group which showed 0.6% stained. 2. The result of collagenase assay was as below. In Xuefuzhuyutang sample $400{\mu}g/ml$, MMP2 was reduced as compared with TPA control group, and the band of MMP-9 induced by TPA disapappeared. In Xuefuzhuyutang samle $800{\mu}g/ml$ both bands of MMP-2 and MMP-9 disapeared. 3. The results of western blots for Jun, Fos, Ets, Erk, JNK were a below. In Xuefuzhuyutang sample $200{\mu}g/ml$, Ets was reduced, and Jun, Fos were increased. 4 The result of invasion assay was as below. The number of cells which migrated across transwell membrane in Xuefuzhuyutang-treated group was less than that of control(+TPA) group. From the above results, it was concluded that Xuefuzhuyutang might inhibit the activity of collagenase not by the MMP-2, MMP-9 promoter but by the other way.