• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.63-72
• /
• 2016

Nominal compounds of 'N1 + N2'in Korean can be classified into the following three major categories: co-compound, sub-compound, and fusion. Among these three major categories, insertion of /t/ in the compounding process and subsequent tensification are found only in sub-compounds. This peculiar phenomenon of /t/-insertion which causes, in turn, tensification in sub-compounds has been long controversial because linguists have not been able to expect in which phonological environment of sub-compounding insertion of /t/ takes place. In this paper, I explore a phonological rule which makes it possible to expect the phonological environments of sub-compounding that allow insertion of /t/ and automatic tensification of the subsequent consonant in the onset of N2. In this process, I show that semantic feature(s) between two combined roots should be considered as one of the important structural descriptions in phonology.

• 음성과학
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.103-116
• /
• 2003

This study examines whether gender influences voice cessation time (voicing duration) of lax (voiced) obstruents. Females more frequently show a posterior glottal opening throughout a vibratory cycle and have larger open quotients and less vocal fold contact than males. The gender differences imply that females can yield less voicing in their speech. In line with this, we hypothesized that the male voice is more voiced than the female voice in intervocalic lax (voiced) obstruents. This hypothesis was supported by the results of the present experiment, i.e., males exhibited significantly longer voicing and higher percentage of voicing relative to consonant duration than females during the intervocalic lax obstruents /p, t, k, c/ of Korean. Based on the results and the literature review, it is further hypothesized that the vocal folds are more likely adducted for males while abducted for females. The experimental data also indicated that males speak faster than females.

• 한국영어학회지:영어학
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.287-304
• /
• 2002

Truncated forms (truncata) in English hypocoristic words have been argued to be faithful to their bases. This means that “ ... the base of truncation is an output form"”(Benua 1995:6,12). For example, in some non-rhotic dialects where syllable-final [r]s are deleted, the [r]s of truncated names such as Gar [gær] (truncated form of Garry [gæri]) are not deleted although they are syllable-final. This is an example of base-truncatum identity. That is, the syllable-final [r] is retained to make the truncatum more faithful to its base. However, there are many English hypocoristic names which are not faithful to their base forms. For example, Letty [equation omitted] (hypocoristic form of Latitia [equation omitted]) is not faithful to its base; the first vowel and the second consonant of the truncatum are not identical to the corresponding segments of the base. It will be argued, therefore, that some truncated forms are more faithful to the inputs than the bases. It will also be argued that McCarthy and Prince's (1995) Full Model is needed to deal successfully with all the phenomena related to truncation.

• 영어어문교육
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.1-23
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this research is to explore the effects of systematic teaching English pronunciation and listening in English. Focusing on phonemes and words in pairs and sentences, the sound systems of the English and Korean languages are dealt with in conjunction with the test data. This paper first discusses the systemic, or primary interference and the habitual, or secondary interference that hinder comprehension of certain English sounds. Second, the analysis of input and output test data on the contrasting vowels and consonants shows statistic significance in terms of the probability (p value) of t-test. Third, the comparative data by means of percentile of right answers on contrasting vowel and consonant sounds expound the different sound systems of the English and Korean languages. With this data, problems in pronunciation of and listening to English, and the factors that may cause these problems are analyzed so that they can be used as a guideline for a systematic approach in teaching English learners, thus leading to more satisfactory performance.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보통신학회 2017년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.515-518
• /
• 2017

생체인식기술을 보안에 활용하기 위해 주성분분석을 활용한다. 손의 모양과 동작의 구분을 확인하기 위해 ㄱ부터 ㅎ까지의 수화동작을 촬영한다. 총 스무 명의 성인 남성이 실험에 참여했으며, 각 자음 당 10회씩 촬영을 진행하여 1인당 140장, 총 2800장의 사진을 통해 데이터베이스를 확보하였다. 이를 통해 얻은 데이터베이스에 MATLAB을 이용하여 이미지의 차원을 줄여주는 주성분분석(PCA)과 주요인분석법(LDA)을 적용하여 분석하고, 그 정확도와 신뢰도를 확인하기 위해 동일오류율(EER)을 이용한다.

• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국음향학회 1994년도 제11회 음성통신 및 신호처리 워크샵 논문집 (SCAS 11권 1호)
• /
• pp.364-367
• /
• 1994

In this paper, we carried out some experiments on the Korean vowel recognition using the fractal dimension of the speech signals. We chose the Mincowski-Bouligand dimensioni as the fractal dimension, and computed it using the morphological covering method. For our experiments, we used both the fractal dimension and the LPC cepstrum which is conventionally known to be one of the best parameters for speech recognition, and examined the usefulness of the fractal dimension. From the vowel recognition experiments under various consonant contexts, we achieved the vowel recognition error rats of 5.6% and 3.2% for the case with only LPC cepstrum and that with both LPC cepstrum and the fractal dimension, respectively. The results indicate that the incorporation of the fractal dimension with LPC cepstrum gies more than 40% reduction in recognition errors, and indicates that the fractal dimension is a useful feature parameter for speech recognition.

• 말소리와 음성과학
• /
• 제3권4호
• /
• pp.23-31
• /
• 2011

This paper examines the production patterns of the acquisition of coda consonants in monosyllabic words in English-speaking children with cochlear implants. The data come from the transcribed speech of children with cochlear implants. This study poses three questions. First, do children with cochlear implants acquire onset consonants earlier than codas? Second, do children's productions have a bimoraic-sized constraint that maintains binary feet? Third, what patterns emerge from production of coda consonants? The results revealed that children with cochlear implants acquire onset consonants earlier than codas. With regard to the bimoraic-sized constraints, the productions of vowel type (i.e., monomoraic and bimoraic) were more accurate for monomoraic vowels than bimoraic ones for some children with cochlear implants, although accuracy in vowel productions showed high proportion regardless of vowel types. The variations of coda production exhibited individual differences. Some children produced less sonorant consonants with high frequency and others produced more sonorant ones. The results of this study were similar to those pertaining to children with normal hearing. In the process of coda consonant acquisition, the error patterns of prosody-sensitive production may be regarded as articulatory challenges to produce higher-level prosodic structures.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
• /
• 제48호
• /
• pp.1-17
• /
• 2003

Among the types of dysarthria, spastic and flaccid types are the most prominent manifestations. The objectives of the present research are (1) to discover the phonetic contrasts that differentiate spastic dysarthria from flaccid dysarthria, (2) to analyze the degrees of predictability of each phonetic contrast for intelligibility in spastic and flaccid dysarthrias and to compare them. The 'phonemic contrast word intelligibility pairs' for dysarthric speakers were tested and proved to be useful for clinical assessment of and research on dysarthria. In the group of spastic type, it showed that initial fricative vs. affricate and front vs. back vowel contrasts are transmitted relatively less effectively than flaccid type. In the group of flaccid type, initial glottal vs null contrast is transmitted less effectively than spastic type. The overall intelligibility of spastic dysarthria was predicted by multiple regression analysis with 88% accuracy by three phonetic contrasts(initial fricative vs. affricate; front vs. back vowels; initial consonant correlates). And the intelligibility of flaccid dysarthria was predicted by two phonetic contrasts(initial nasal vs. stop, front vs. back vowels) with 60% accuracy.

• 음성과학
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.49-59
• /
• 2001

The phoneme segmentation is a very difficult problem in speech sound processing because it has found out segmental algorithm in many kinds of allophone and coarticulation's trees. Thus system configuration for the speech recognition and voice retrieval processing has a complex system structure. To solve it, we discuss a possibility of new segmental algorithm, which is called the minus a thirds one or plus in tripartitioning(삼분손익) of twelve temporament(12 율려), first proposed by Prof. T. S. Han. It is close to oriental and western musical theory. He also has suggested a 3 consonant and 3 vowel phonemes in Hunminjungum(훈민정음) invented by the King Sejong in the 15th century. In this paper, we suggest to newly name it as ortho-phonic phoneme(OPP/정음소), which carries the meaning of 'the absoluteness and independency'. OPP also is acceptable to any other languages, for example IPA. Lastly we know that this algorithm is constantly applicable to the global language and is very useful to construct a voice recognition and retrieval structuring engineering.

• 음성과학
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.65-74
• /
• 2005

The aim of this paper is to suggest an index of coarticulation, proportional undershoot values, given the observation that absolute undershoot within a language tends to be proportional to target-locus difference. The target-locus proportionality predicts that a large difference between the consonant locus and the vowel target will result in a large amount of vowel undershoot, while a small difference a small amount of vowel undershoot. It turns out that the proportional undershoot is a potentially more appropriate way of comparing degree of undershoot across languages. However, even though the proportional undershoot measurement may provide a useful index comparing the overall coarticulation degree in a CV token for cross-linguistic data, it is concluded that it may potentially wrongly predict the cases of transfer or error as a progress in learning.