• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.83-88
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• 2004

In order to investigate whether or not CCD-980sk cell line can be affected by Korean Citrus junos and medicinal herbs, we examined the MTT assay when we treated Korean Citrus junos and medicinal herbs in CCD-986sk human fibroblast cell line. The samples that added complex of grinded extracts of Korean Citrus junos and boiling-water extracts from Korean medicinal herbs were tested toy cell proliferation activity by means of a modification of the MTT assay. Among mixture of Citron 3 (Citron 3, less mellowed citron which was ripened for three months) and boiling-water extracts, the group Citron 3+Phellinus linteus showed significantly strong cell proliferation activity. And among mixture of Citron 4 (Citron 4, completely mellowed citron which was ripened for four months) and boiling-water extracts, the group Citron 4＋Cordyceps militaris and Citron 4+Phellinus linteus showed significantly strong cell proliferation activity, respectively. These results suggest that complex of Korean Citrus junos and medicinal herbs could be an excellent candidate toy protection of human skin aging.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.342-347
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• 1995

Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of storage temperature and blanching treatment on the storage stability in order to extend the shelf life of Citrus junos. Chilling injury of Citrus junos was not observed at the temperature range of $0^{\circ}C{\sim}5^{\circ}C$. Respiration rate of Citrus junos classified into climacteric characteristics as storage time goes by increase of respiration rate. The $Q_{10}$ value of Citrus junos during storage appeared to have a narrow range of $2.3{\sim}2.4$ The decaying rate increased drastically at $20^{\circ}C$ ranging from 71.4% to 86.5%. It was not much influenced by the pretreatments but by the storage temperature. There was no difference in weight loss between the control and blanching treatment. The weight loss of Citrus junos at $20^{\circ}C$ appeared to be high during the 12 weeks period, and consequently the overall quality of Citrus junos was rapidly decreased. The ratio of brix to acid showed a slow increase for Citrus junos stored at $3^{\circ}C.\;At\;20^{\circ}C$, however, it increased rapidly and then decreased. This phenomenon was mainly due to the relatively high increase of brix, compared to the increase in acid content. Development of browning color in Citrus junos was mainly associated with Citrus junos peel, rather than with Citrus junos pulp.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.76-82
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• 2008

The quality and antioxidant activity properties of Jinyangju, Korean traditional rice wine made with different additions of Citrus junos peel (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40%) were investigated. The pH and the total sugar content of the Jinyangju decreased, whereas the total acidity and alcohol content increased with greater additions of Citrus junos peel. The color L-value increased and the color a- and b-values decreased with increasing amounts of Citrus junos peel. The DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity increased with the addition of Citrus junos peel. The highest overall acceptability values in the sensory test for color, flavor, taste, and overall favorite were 4.2, 4.9, 5.6, 5.0, and 3.9, respectively, with the addition of 20% Citrus junos peel.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.86-89
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• 2009

In this study, we investigated the free radical [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical (${\cdot}OH$) and superoxide anion (${O_2}^-$)] scavenging activity of MeOH extract and 3 fractions of Citrus junos. Of the tested fractions, the BuOH fraction showed the strongest DPPH scavenging activity, showing the $IC_{50}$ values of 63.4 mg/mL. Therefore, we continuously carried out DPPH, ${\cdot}OH$ and ${O_2}^-$ scavenging activity tests of BuOH fraction of Citrus junos. The BuOH fraction of Citrus junos inhibited DPPH radical to 97.5% at a concentration of 1000 mg/mL and the scavenging activities were increased concentration-dependently. In addition, BuOH fraction from Citrus junos also scavenged ${\cdot}OH$ in a concentration dependent manner from 5 to 1000 mg/mL. Furthermore, BuOH fraction showed about 56% ${O_2}^-$-scavengimg activity at 25 mg/mL concentration but, the scavenging activities were not enhanced in a dose dependent manner. The present results suggest that BuOH fraction of Citrus junos would have the protective potential from oxidative stress induced by free radicals.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.141-147
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• 2004

In order to investigate whether or not the alcohol-treated rat liver cells can be protected by Korean Citrus junos and medicinal herbs, We compared the serum biochemistry of rats administered both alcohol and the complex of Korean Citrus junos and medicinal herbs to control rats treated with alcohol alone. The activities of Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the citron 3 (Citron 3, less mellowed citron which was ripened for three months)＋Phellinus linteus, Alnus japonica, Dendropanax morbifera and citron 4 (Citron 4, completely mellowed citron which was ripened fer four months)＋Phaseolus radiatus, Cordyceps militaris group were significantly low when compared with the negative control group (p<0.05). The levels of triglyceride (TG) in all experimental groups were significantly lower than the negative control group (p<0.05). The concentrations of total cholesterol in the citron 3＋Phellinus linteus, Atnus japonica, Dendropanax morbifera and citron 4＋Phaseolus radiatus, Cordyceps militaris, Phellinus linteus were lower than the negative control group (p<0.05). The activities of alcohol dehydyogenase (ADH) in all experimental groups were significantly high when compared with the normal control group (p<0.05). These results suggest that the complex of Korean Citrus junos and medecinal herbs could be an excellent candidate for protecting vat liver cell damage induced by alcohol.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.336-340
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• 2004

In order to search for anti -melanin formation agents from Korean medicinal herbs, we selected 21 Korean medicinal herbs, based on a review of Korean traditional medicine books and the recommendations of Korean traditional medical doctors. We tested for inhibition effect of melanin pigmentation of Clone M-3 mouse melanocyte cell lines when we treated the extracts of 21 medicinal herbs in the mouse melanocyte cell lines, respectively. Among 21 medicinal herb extracts, 5 extracts showed a inhibition effect of melanin formation. The sample Phaseolus radiatus L, Cordyceps militaris, Pinellia ternata, Phellinus linteus and Citrus junos Tanaka showed a significantly little formation of melanin pigments compared with control groups. Especially extract of Citrus junos Tanaka was more potent than the others. These results suggest that extract of Korean Citrus junos may represents an excellent candidate for inhibition of melanin pigmentation at in vitro level.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.405-410
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• 2004

The effect of treatment with Citrus junos fractions (citron 3W, citron 3H, citron 4W and citron 4H) upon rat hepatocytes exposed to alcohol was investigated. We compared the serum biochemistry of rats administered both alcohol and Citrus junos fractions to control rats treated with alcohol alone. The effects of Alanine amino transferase (ALT) were significantly lower in the citron 3H extract group compared with the negative control group (p<0.05) and other experimental groups were not significantly low but a little low compared to negative control group. The levels of triglyceride (TG) were significantly low in all experimental groups compared with negative control group. Especially triglyceride level of citron 3H was lowest near to normal control group. The concentration of total cholesterol was significantly high in negative groups compared with normal control group but in all experimental groups, the concentration of total cholesterol was similar to that of negative control group. Total cholesterol of the citron 4W group was somewhat low compared with negative control group. In contrast, activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) were significantly higher in all experimental groups compared with the negative control (p<0.05) group. These data suggest that Citrus junos fractions may represents an excellent candidate for protection of rat hepatocytes from alcohol-mediated damage.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.265-274
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• 1995

Characteristics of vegetative spur leaf, spur bud, fruiting supr leaf and flowering in relation to canopy position was investigated on order to promote better spur bud and flower bud differentiation on Citrus junos. There was no difference in vegetative spur leaf characteristics among directions. Vegetative spur leaf number and leaf area showed no difference between top and bottom position. There was no difference in spur bud size among directions, but spur bud at top was larger than that at bottom. Specific leaf weight of vegetative spur was mostly influenced by light interception, and leaf dry weight per spur average leaf dry weight, spur bud length and diameter had also a very high correlation with light interception rate. Shading and GA treatment in spur bud and flower bud differentiation was ineffective than natural light. Fruit thinning enhanced fruit quality as well as flower bud differentiation through an increase of leaf number per fruit, over 40 in Citrus junos.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.82-86
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• 2000

To evaluate anti-influenza virus activity of 113 specimens of Korean traditional medicine both water and methanol extracts were examined using haemagglutination inhibition test. The water extract from Citrus junos was found to inhibit influenza virus A/Taiwan/l/86(H1N1). The survival rates of virus were determined by in situ cellular enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The water extract of Citrus junos was fractionated by chromatographic separating using Amberlite XAD-4, 40% MeOH and 60% MeOH layer had antiviral activity. The half inhibition concentration $(IC_{50})$ of 40% MeOH layer on survival of influenza virus was $MIC>361.5{\mu}g/ml$ and $IC_{50}$ value of fr. 40-4 fractionated from 40% MeOH layer was $677.19{\mu}g/ml$. These results suggested that the fractions of Citus junos have potent anti-influenza A virus activity.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.243-253
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• 2012

The objective of the study was to evaluate the quality characteristics of sun-dried Hanwoo beef jerky added with the extract of Citrus junos seib. or Prunus mume. Hanwoo beef shank muscles were sliced, marinated, and sun-dried at $25^{\circ}C$, relative humidity of 35%. The physicochemical quality and microbiological safety of the Hanwoo beef jerky aerobically packaged were analyzed during the storage of $25^{\circ}C$. The moisture content of beef jerky with Citrus junos seib. was the lowest among the treatments after 20 d. Citrus junos seib. and Prunus mume jerky after 10 d had significantly lower aw than those after 0 and 20 d (p<0.05). The pH values of jerky generally ranged from 5.76 to 5.84. The pH value of Prunus mume jerky was significantly higher than those of other jerky samples (p<0.05). Prunus mume jerky showed significantly lower TBARS value than the others after 20 d (p<0.05). Citrus junos seib. jerky showed a significantly lower lightness ($L^*$), redness ($a^*$) and yellowness ($b^*$) than the others during the storage (p<0.05). Prunus mume samples after 10 d had significantly higher $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$ values than the others (p<0.05). With regard to sensory properties, Citrus junos seib. and Prunus mume jerky showed significantly higher flavor and overall acceptability scores than the control (p<0.05). The extracts of Prunus mume will be used in sun-dried Hanwoo beef jerky as a natural agent to retard lipid oxidation and to improve meat color.