• 보건교육건강증진학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.43-55
• /
• 1985

The recent problems of adolescents are leading us to amphasize school mental health program. Therefore, for the first step of that program, this study was attempted to find out the students' daily life stress, their adaptation beharior to resolve that stress, and their self-concept which has an effect on that beharior, to analyze the relationship among those three variables, and to provide basic data which help maintain and promote students' adaptability and mental health. The subjects were 4 classes each grade, 743 students who were chosen as a sample subject among the total of 3,250 students of a junior girls' school in Seoul by stratified sampling method. The Oquestionnair surrey was done from April 1, 1985 to April 6, 1985. The instruments were (1) a part of Junghoon chois' perceptual Orientation Scale for measuring self-perception of students, (2) Rosenberg's Questionnair for measuring students' evaluation of self-esteem, (3) modified Bell's Adoptive Behavior Questionnair, and (4) the Measuring scale for stress developed by the investigator. The collected data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, x²-test, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearsons' Correlation. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The range of mean score of self-concept, stress, and adaptation beharior is 1-5 respectively. The mean score of self concept was 3.45. The mean score of stress was 2.53, and the degree of stress was in order of the problem of study and grade marks, girl friend, appearance, and relaxation. The subjects preferred effective long-term adaptation method (Mean=2.81) to ineffective short-term adaptation method. (Mean=2.47) 2. The self-concept had the highest degree when students were 1st grade, in good health condition, taking high grade marks, both parents existing, fathers' educational level being above college, and being in high economic status. The degree of stress was significantly high when students were 3rd grade, in poor health condition, having low grade marks, being in poor economic status, and fathers' educational level being under elimentary school. In relation with adaptation method, 1st grade students used more sbort-term and long-term method, and when students had high grade marks, being in high economic status. they used more long-term adaptation behavior. 3. Two Hypotheses of this research were tested: Hypothesis 1. "The higher the students' self-concept is, the more they use long-term adaptation method." was accepted. (r=.2482, p<.01) (t=-4.99, p<.001) Hypothesis 2. "The higher the students' stress is, the more they use short-term adaptation method." was accepted. (r=.2897, p<.01) (t= -7.51, p<.001) In conclusion, a person in charge of school health can help students to adapt effectively by planning and implementing methods which highten their self-concept and lower their stress. But because the correlation among self-concept, stress and adaptation behavior was at a low level, I think that the study, which confirm the relationship of those three variables, is needed.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제99권1호
• /
• pp.153-162
• /
• 2010

본 연구는 경기도 용인 지역 전나무(Abies holophylla Maxim.) 임분의 구조를 분석하고, 이 지역 전나무 임분의 지속가능성을 알아보기 위하여 수행되었다. 용인시의 정수리, 대대리, 호동 지역 전나무 임분에서 매목조사를 실시하고, 관목층의 구조와 치수의 발생을 조사하였다. 산림 관리나 작업이 이루어지지 않았던 정수리와 대대리 임분에서 전나무는 중요도 40%로 임분을 우점하고 있었으며, 연속적인 연령과 직경분포를 보이고 있었다. 반면 호동 지역 임분은 간벌과 택벌 등의 산림 작업이 이루어졌던 지역으로 전나무가 흉고직경 10-45 cm 범위에 분포하나 대부분 25-30 cm 직경급에 몰려 있고, 단일수관층을 가지고 있었다. 전나무의 연령과 흉고직경의 상관 관계는 유의한 것으로 나타나긴 하였으나 높지 않았고($R^2$=0.2, P=0.03), 비슷한 연령대라도 다양한 흉고직경 값을 가졌다. 정수리 임분의 연속적인 직경 분포와 다층수관구조는 전나무가 조림 후 지속적으로 갱신이 이루어져 왔음을 보여주었다. 전나무의 치수는 ha당 2000-33000본까지 발생하였으나, 2-5 cm 직경급의 전나무는 ha당 70-150본 정도로 치수 단계에서 유령목으로 자라나는 동안의 생존율은 낮았다. 지속적인 천연갱신과 연간 약 0.6 cm의 직경생장율은 조사 지역의 환경이 전나무 서식에 비교적 적합한 지역임을 나타낸다. 또한 전나무 임분은 향후에도 지속적으로 유지될 것으로 보여 내음성 수종인 전나무를 대상으로 한 택벌림 경영의 가능성을 제시해주고 있다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.531-544
• /
• 2009

This study was conducted to survey multiple factors of aversion to vegetables and preferences for vegetable-related recipes in school meal services among elementary school children in order to help develop various menus and recipes for school meal services. Questionnaire survey was carried out with the study subjects, who were 401 children in 6th grade attending elementary schools in Chonnam and Kwangju metropolitan regions. Results from the survey can be summarized as follows: 65.1% of respondents answered they try to eat vegetables and other namul side dishes served in school meal service for health. As for the frequency of taking vegetables and namul side dishes out of daily meals, 47.4% of respondents chose 'once or twice'. The reasons for aversion to vegetables in boys were taste and cooking method, while girls were taste and feeling between teeth. In boys there were no differences between regions of Kwangju and Chonnam but the tendency of aversion to vegetables was significantly high in girls. As for the aspects of vegetable aversion of subjects, 46.9% of respondents took up 'black & purple' in the unfavorable color of vegetables. 49.1% in 'bitterness' and 39.2% in 'greasiness' were in terms of the aversive taste of vegetables. The aversive vegetable recipes were 58.6% in 'raw & seasoned' and the unfavorable feeling of vegetables were 53.1% in 'squashiness'. There were differences between regions of Kwangju and Chonnam with boys in color and cooking method in girls. Results from the survey on their preferences for vegetable recipes showed that leafy vegetables like crown daisy (raw/slightly seasoned) and pak choi (broth/pot stew) fell to the most aversive category, while bean sprouts (broth/pot stew) were chosen as the most favorable one. Among root vegetables bell-flowers were found to belong to the least preferred recipe, while potatoes were proven to be most preferable in terms of recipes. As for fruit vegetables and other vegetables, all respondents didn't like 'fatsia shoots' vegetable and it's cooking method and they preferred 'green pumpkins (broth/pot stew)'. In respect of mushrooms, enoki mushroom (broth/pot stew) was found most preferred and had high tendency of preferences in boys and girls in Kwangju compared with Chonnam region. The study results indicated that respondents did not show big differences in factors influencing them to be averse to vegetables and their preferences for vegetable recipes depending on regions. In order to have high preference and intake in children's diets, it needs to study in reform of menu about using namul or vegetables mixed with meats and fruits that children preferred or applying roasted and fried other less than namul.

• 대한교통학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.19-30
• /
• 2006

본 연구는 일반국도의 통행특성을 고려한 지점검지기의 적정설치지점 선정을 다루고 있다. 일반국도에서의 ITS 구축은 활발히 진행되고 있으나. 자료수집 구간에서의 통행시간 추정 신뢰도에 가장 큰 영향을 미치고 있는 지점검지기의 설치지점에 관해 적절한 기준이 제시되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 일반국도의 구간 통행시간의 추정을 위해 대표성을 확보할 수 있는 지점검지기의 적정설치지점을 선정하여 제시하고자 한다 이를 위하여 GPS 프로브 차량과 지점검지기를 이용하여 대상지역의 통행특성을 수집하고, 지점속도와 구간통행시간의 상관분석을 통하여 적정설치지점을 선택한다. 분석결과 일반국도의 구간별 적정설치지점의 특성은 다음과 같다. 첫째. 구간 통행시간과 지점 속도와의 상관관계는 구간의 시점에서부터 높아지다가 일정시점이 지나서는 낮아지는 U자형 형태를 보이고 있다. 둘째. 최적설치지점은 분석구간마다 상이하게 존재하나, 대부분 구간연장을 기준으로 중류부 및 중 하류부에 존재한다. 셋째, 구간의 적정설치지점은 구간의 중류부에서 하류부로 넘어가는 지점이 적절하며, 일반적으로 자료수집 구간 연장을 기준으로 시점부로부터 $55{\sim}60%$가 되는 지점이다. 넷째, 종단경사는 적정설치지점과 관련하여 중요한 결정인자가 되며, 종단경사가 큰 경우에 있어서 검지기의 설치는 배제되어야 한다. 끝으로, 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 한 지점검지기의 현장적용을 통해, 정보제공 구간내 통행시간 추정 및 예측력의 개선을 기대한다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.176-209
• /
• 1994

1. The Jung-Sa(正邪) of the Excessive Liver-Symptoms belongs to the eleven symptoms, there are blue face, blue thin fingernail, anger, fancy of larg body, dizziness, eye flame, Bell's palsy, hard swelling pain at braest, side pain going on the belly from the side, side pain and movement at the left side. 2. The Mi-Sa(微邪) of the Excessive Liver-Symptoms belongs to the four symptoms, there are meat in eye, edema in cheek, lack of appetite and diarrhea. 3. The Juk-Sa(賊邪) of the Excessive Liver-Symptoms belongs to the only one symptom, this is nosebleeding. 4. The Hu-Sa(虛邪) of the Excessive Liver-Symptoms belongs to the three symptoms, there are scrotum constraction, strain in belly and constipation. 5. The Sil-Sa(實邪) of the Excessive Liver-Symptoms belongs to the twenty eight symptoms, there are red eye, raised eyes(兩眼上?), spitting blood, sternocostal turgid pain, turgidity in belly, drooping testis, vomiting water acid, sickening, belching, confusion, impatience, frequent forgetfulness, headache, giddness, eye pain, deaf, ringing in the ear, feeling inverse, drying mouth, stuffiness sensation in the chest, chest pain, stuffiness sensation in the belly, bellyache, quadriplegia, spasm of extremities, tremor, alternate spells of fever and chills, high fever and strain in muscle. 6. Those symptoms, Red corner of the eye, red face, swelling on the forehead, stiff-neck and back strong, opisthotonos, constracture of the limbs, vomiting yellow bitter water, speech impediment, epilepsy, depression, strong tongue, different thing in throat, fullness and distention of the gastric region, feeling sick and tenesmus, have no connected with the Excessive Liver-Symptoms(肝實證) 7. The Excessive Liver-Symptoms(肝實證) is connected with the ganjabyoung(肝自病) and Hwa(火) which the pathology is, than because Mock(木) is excessive and Mock-Saeng-Hwa(木生火), the ganjabyoung(肝自病) and Sil-Sa(實邪) are many. 8. There are the sixteen symptoms with the exception of The Excessive Liver-Symptoms(肝實證), because supposed that the scholars in medicine included the union syndroms(合病), the combine syndroms(兼病) and the analysis of symptoms(辨證) in The Analysis of Five Visceral Symptoms. 9. During consideration of the symptoms at the above statements, where are many causes by Gan-Pung(肝風), there is difficult of distinction between the excessive Liver-Symptoms(肝實證) and C.V.A(Cerebral Vascular Attack). Because than NaeKyung(內經) distinguished between the excessive Liver-Symptoms(肝實證) and C.V.A., the future medical specialists connected with the excessive Liver-Symptoms(肝實證) and C.V.A.. 10. An appearance of Sang-Hwa(相火) that the liver possessed is divided into an appearance of Hwa(火), there will be making a study att the more necessary. 11. The cuases of each syndroms are consist of the origins of syndroms, its pathology and the positions where the syndroms appeared, I consider that is the various ways how judge the syndroms except the Five Pathogenic Factors(五邪). 12. If more than study will be achieved in all, the new definition will be standed about the Excessive and Deficient Five Visceral Syndroms(五臟虛實證), I consider this will be the foundation data that study the Oriental Medicine and the important data that is a judgement standard of clininc.

• 한국진공학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.244-249
• /
• 2007

분동식압력계는 정밀한 압력 측정의 기준 장비로 널리 사용되고 있다. 그것은 분동압력계가 견고하고 정확하며 이동이 간편하고 압력의 정의를 물리적으로 구현할 수 있기 때문이다. 기본적으로 분동식압력계는 분동과 피스톤/실린더 장치로 구성되며 실린더 안에 직경이 꼭 맞는 피스톤이 수직으로 삽입된 구조를 갖고 있다. 측정하려는 압력은 피스톤 아래에 작용하여 윗방향 힘을 발생시키고 피스톤 위에 얹혀 있는 분동에 의해 발생하는 아랫방향 힘과 평형을 이루게 된다. 이때 피스톤 자체의 하중은 항상 작용하므로 분동식압력계는 보통 10 kPa이상의 압력 범위에서 주로 사용된다. 기존의 방식은 피스톤 아래의 높은 압력을 기준으로 사용하지만 본 방식은 피스톤 주위의 낮은 압력을 기준압력으로 사용하여 보다 더 낮은 압력의 측정이 가능하다. 본 논문에서는 이를 효율적으로 구현한 새로운 장치를 소개하고 실제로 1.33 kPa, 13.3 kPa 두 측정범위를 갖는 정밀한 저진공 게이지(MKS, CDG)를 교정, 평가한 결과에 대해서 기술하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제62권3호
• /
• pp.259-274
• /
• 2017

Platycodon grandiflorum (Bell flower) is an important plant that has traditionally been used as herbal medicine for the treatment of cough, phlegm, sore throats, lung abscesses, chest pains, dysuria, and dysentery. The present study was initiated to investigate the feasibility of inducing shoot and root organogenesis in cultured explants of P. grandiflorum in a range of culture media and through use of various plant growth regulators (PGRs). The plantlets (Stem containing one node) were isolated and cultured on different concentrations of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with PGRs. We found that proliferation and elongation of shoots and roots could be achieved on 1/4 MS for P. grandiflorum with wild and green petals and on 1/8 MS for P. grandiflorum with double petals. The highest levels of development and elongation of adventitious shoots and roots were observed when petal explants were cultured on 1/4 MS (pH 3.8) supplemented with 5% sucrose. Increasing the agar concentration reduced shoot growth and rooting potential; nevertheless, the highest number of shoots and roots was observed on 0.6% agar. In the case of growth regulators, 1/4 MS supplemented with $1mg\;L^{-1}$ 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) was found to be best for shooting, although higher concentrations of BA tended to reduce shoot and root elongation. The highest number of shoots was achieved on $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ thidiazuron (TDZ) from double petal explants grown on 1/8 MS. However, root and shoot elongation were found to decrease when TDZ concentrations were increased. Low concentrations of kinetin, naphthalene acetic acid, indole acetic acid, and 3-indole butyric acid induced shoot and root proliferation and elongation. Taken together, our study showed that low concentrations of PGRs induced the greatest root formation and elongation, showing that the optimal concentration of PGRs for shoot proliferation was species-dependent.

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.145-158
• /
• 2002

This is a section study for research of main cause and coping ways caused by stresses during the clinical experiment. It was researched by 231 students of third grade have finished clinical experiment until September though questionnaire. The methods for this study used the a stress measuring instrument thai was used by Hoa-Yun Jun and coping ways of stresses devised by Bell. We computed the frequency and the mean value by the SPSS 10.0 statistical data and we got the following result that from the experiment with t-test and the ANOVA analysis. 1. The mean value of stresses indicated rather higher states in figures 2,855 and the figures that were classified by each areas, indicated highest figures are affected by circumstances, that is 3.065. 2. As higher as the degree of satisfactions in their major, students feel stress less so, the result was not quite different between each of them (p=0.007). 3. The copping ways of stresses indicated, similar differences by using of long-term copping ways and short-term copping ways to cope with stresses(p=0.000). 4. In case of the students who failed college entrance exams and prepared for the next chance for more than one year, indicated highest figures that is 2.57 in short-term ways to cope with stresses, so it showed slightly differences between them(p=0.014). 5. According to the satisfactions of clinical experiments, there were not any statistical differences in long-term coping ways but, as smaller as the satisfactions, in that evidence of the students use short-term copping ways, it showed slightly differences between them(p=0.041). 6. According to the degree of stresses, low-stress groups use short-term coping ways more than high-stress groups, so it showed slightly differences between them(p=0.001). 7. As far as the using of long-term coping ways, the figures of between the lower stress groups and the higher stress groups indicated 2.89 and 2.97 respectably so, the figures were not so closed.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제11권5호
• /
• pp.175-182
• /
• 2007

Members of prostaglandin(PG) E-series elicit cellular effects mainly through adenylyl cyclase-cAMP signaling. The role of $PGE_2$-induced increase in cAMP has been shown to be compartmentalized in the cardiac myocytes: $PGE_2$-induced increase of cAMP is not involved in the control of cardiomyocytic contraction. The purpose of the present study was to define the effect of $PGE_1$ on the cGMP levels and the role of $PGE_1$ in the atrial secretory function. Experiments were performed in perfused beating rabbit atria and atrial contractile responses, cGMP and cAMP efflux, and atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP) secretion were measured. $PGE_1$ increased cGMP as well as cAMP efflux concentration in a concentration-dependent manner, however, no significant changes in atrial secretory responses were observed(with $1.0{\mu}M\;PGE_1$; for cGMP, $144.76{\pm}37.5%$, n=11 versus $-16.81{\pm}4.76%$, n=6, control, p<0.01; for cAMP, $187.60{\pm}41.52%$, n=11 versus $7.38{\pm}19.44%$, n=6, control, p<0.01). $PGE_1$ decreased atrial dynamics slightly but transiently, whereas $PGE_2$ showed similar effects but with lower potency. Isoproterenol increased atrial cAMP efflux(with 2.0 nM; $145.71{\pm}41.89$, n=5 versus $7.38{\pm}19.44%$, n=6, control, p<0.05) and mechanical dynamics and decreased ANP secretion. The $PGE_1$-induced increase in cGMP efflux showed a bell-shaped concentration-response curve. $PGE_1$-induced increase of cGMP efflux was not observed in the presence of L-NAME, an inhibitor of nitric oxide(NO) synthase, or ODQ, an inhibitor of NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase. L-NAME and ODQ showed no significant effect on the $PGE_1$-induced transient decrease of atrial dynamics. These data indicate that $PGE_1$ increases cGMP levels via NO-soluble GC signaling in the cardiac atrium and also show that $PGE_1$-induced increases in cGMP and cAMP levels are not involved in the regulation of atrial secretory and contractile functions.

• 식물분류학회지
• /
• 제47권1호
• /
• pp.27-45
• /
• 2017

한국산 비비추속(Hosta)에 대해 외부형태형질을 기초로 분류학적 연구를 수행하여 종의 한계를 재검토하였다. Hosta clausa의 변종들은 근경에 기는 줄기가 있고, 화경이 매끈하며, 약이 자색이라는 점에서 특징을 공유하나, 비비추(H. clausa var. normalis)는 개방화이고 암술이 수술보다 훨씬 길며 종자를 결실하는 반면에 참비비추(H. clausa var. clausa)는 폐쇄화이고 종자를 맺지 못하며, 금강비비추(H. clausa var. geumgangensis)는 개방화이나 종자를 결실하지 못하고, 엽병이 녹색이며, 암술이 수술 길이와 비슷하고, 화피협통부는 길이가 짧아 구별되었다. 또한 이삭비비추(H. clausa var. ensata)는 좁고 엽병으로 흘러내리는 잎 형태의 특징이 비비추의 연속변이에 포함되어 이명처리하였다. 다도해비비추(H. jonesii)는 화경이 매끈하며, 약이 노란색이고, 광통부가 부풀어 오른 종형으로 대마도비비추(H. tsushimensis)와는 광통부의 형태로 구별되었다. 흑산도비비추(H. yingeri)는 꽃이 깔때기형이고, 수술 3개는 길고 3개는 짧고, 화경이 매끈하며, 신안비비추(H. laevigata)는 수술의 길이가 모두 같고 좁은 피침형의 잎, 엽연이 파형을 띠어 신종으로 기재되었으나 흑산도 주변섬에서 동일 특징을 보이는 개체가 발견되지 않아 분류학적 처리를 유보하였다. 한라비비추(H. minor var. venusta)는 화경에 종주선이 있고 약이 노란색이라는 점에서 좀비비추(H. minor)와 유사하지만 식물체의 크기, 꽃의 수, 잎의 크기와 형태 등 주요형질에서 중첩되어 좀비비추의 변종으로 처리하였다. 따라서 한국산 비비추속은 5종 3변종 6품종으로 정리되었다.