• 안보군사학연구
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• 통권13호
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• pp.687-738
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• 2016

To prepare for the complicated international relationship regarding Korean Peninsula after reunification, this thesis started off with the awareness that Unified Korea should build its international posture and national security at an early stage by determining its appropriate military strength for independent defense and military strategies that Unified Korea should aim. The main theme of this thesis is 'The research on appropriate military strength of the Unified Korean military'. To derive appropriate military strength of Unified Korea, this research focuses on conflict scenario and relative balance strategy based on potential threats posed by neighboring countries, and this is the part that differentiates this research from other researches. First of all, the main objective of the research is to decide appropriate military strength for Unified Korea to secure defense sufficiency. For this, this research will decide efficient military strategy that Unified Korea should aim. Than by presuming the most possible military conflict scenario, this research will judge the most appropriate military strength for Unified Korea to overcome the dispute. Second, after deciding appropriate military strength, this research will suggest how to operate presumed military strength in each armed force. The result of this thesis is as in the following. First, Unified Korea should aim 'relative balance strategy'. 'Relative balance strategy' is a military strategy which Unified Korea can independently secure defense sufficiency by maintaining relative balance when conflicts occur between neighboring countries. This strategy deters conflicts in advance by relative balance of power in certain time and place. Even if conflict occurs inevitably, this strategy secures initiative. Second, when analyzing neighboring countries interest and strategic environment after unification, the possibility of all-out war will be low in the Korean Peninsula because no other nation wants the Korean Peninsula to be subordinated to one single country. Therefore appropriate military strength of the Unified Korean military would be enough when Unified Korea can achieve relative balance in regional war or limited war. Third, Northeast Asia is a region where economic power and military strength is concentrated. Despite increasing mutual cooperation in the region, conflicts and competition to expand each countries influence is inherent. Japan is constantly enhancing their military strength as they aim for normal statehood. China is modernizing their military strength as they aspire to become global central nation. Russia is also enhancing their military strength in order to hold on to their past glory of Soviet Union as a world power. As a result, both in quality and quantity, the gap between military strength of Unified Korea and each neighboring countries is enlarged at an alarming rate. Especially in the field of air-sea power, arms race is occurring between each nation. Therefore Unified Korea should be equipped with appropriate military strength in order to achieve relative balance with each threats posed by neighboring countries. Fourth, the most possible conflicts between Unified Korea and neighboring countries could be summarized into four, which are Dokdo territorial dispute with Japan, Leodo jurisdictional dispute with China, territorial dispute concerning northern part of the Korea Peninsula with China and disputes regarding marine resources and sea routes with Russia. Based on those conflict scenarios, appropriate military strength for Unified Korea is as in the following. When conflict occurs with Japan regarding Dokdo, Japan is expected to put JMSDF Escort Flotilla 3, one out of four of its Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force Escort Fleet, which is based in Maizuru and JMSDF Maizuru District. To counterbalance this military strength, Unified Korea needs one task fleet, comprised with three task flotilla. In case of jurisdictional conflict with China concerning Leodo, China is expected to dispatch its North Sea fleet, one out of three of its naval fleet, which is in charge of the Yellow Sea. To response to this military action, Unified Korea needs one task fleet, comprised with three task flotilla. In case of territorial dispute concerning northern part of the Korean Peninsula with China, it is estimated that out of seven Military Region troops, China will dispatch two Military Region troops, including three Army Groups from Shenyang Military Region, where it faces boarder with the Korean Peninsula. To handle with this military strength, Unified Korea needs six corps size ground force strength, including three corps of ground forces, two operational reserve corps(maneuver corps), and one strategic reserve corps(maneuver corps). When conflict occurs with Russia regarding marine resources and sea routes, Russia is expected to send a warfare group of a size that includes two destroyers, which is part of the Pacific Fleet. In order to balance this strength, Unified Korea naval power requires one warfare group including two destroyers. Fifth, management direction for the Unified Korean military is as in the following. Regarding the ground force management, it would be most efficient to deploy troops in the border area with china for regional and counter-amphibious defense. For the defense except the border line with china, the most efficient form of force management would be maintaining strategic reserve corps. The naval force should achieve relative balance with neighboring countries when there is maritime dispute and build 'task fleet' which can independently handle long-range maritime mission. Of the three 'task fleet', one task fleet should be deployed at Jeju base to prepare for Dokdo territorial dispute and Leodo jurisdictional dispute. Also in case of regional conflict with china, one task fleet should be positioned at Yellow Sea and for regional conflict with Japan and Russia, one task fleet should be deployed at East Sea. Realistically, Unified Korea cannot possess an air force equal to neither Japan nor China in quantity. Therefore, although Unified Korea's air force might be inferior in quantity, they should possess the systematic level which Japan or China has. For this Unified Korea should build air base in island areas like Jeju Island or Ullenong Island to increase combat radius. Also to block off infiltration of enemy attack plane, air force needs to build and manage air bases near coastal areas. For landing operation forces, Marine Corps should be managed in the size of two divisions. For island defense force, which is in charge of Jeju Island, Ulleung Island, Dokdo Island and five northwestern boarder island defenses, it should be in the size of one brigade. Also for standing international peace keeping operation, it requires one brigade. Therefore Marine Corps should be organized into three divisions. The result of the research yields a few policy implications when building appropriate military strength for Unified Korea. First, Unified Korea requires lower number of ground troops compared to that of current ROK(Republic of Korea) force. Second, air-sea forces should be drastically reinforced. Third, appropriate military strength of the Unified Korean military should be based on current ROK military system. Forth, building appropriate military strength for Unified Korea should start from today, not after reunification. Because of this, South Korea should build a military power that can simultaneously prepare for current North Korea's provocations and future threats from neighboring countries after reunification. The core of this research is to decide appropriate military strength for Unified Korea to realize relative balance that will ensure defense sufficiency from neighboring countries threats. In other words, this research should precisely be aware of threats posed by neighboring countries and decide minimum level of military strength that could realize relative balance in conflict situation. Moreover this research will show the path for building appropriate military strength in each armed force.

• 한국항공우주법학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항공우주법학회 2008년도 제40회 국제학술발표대회
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• pp.19-30
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• 2008

This paper is intended to identify the main problems for attracting inbound tourists in Korea in conjunction with aviation sector. This paper mainly deals with policy issues of tourism-aviation sector. The major impediments in the aviation sector for attracting inbound tourists can be lack of flight seat supply at peak season, flight time schedule, and cooperation of Airlines. Policy suggestions for international tourism promotion in Korea can be summarized as: re-adjustment of flight time schedule between Japan-Korea routes, market promotion for attracting Chinese visitors, development of Korea-China-Japan triangular tourism product, efficient provision of airport facility, and in particular collaboration between government sectors of countries and private sectors of Airlines and travel agencies.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.335-347
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• 2019

중국의 '일대일로' 구상은 중국과 유라시아 경제권을 육상과 해상으로 연결하여 하나의 경제권을 형성하는 초대형 프로젝트이다. 따라서 순조롭게 진행될 경우 중국과 세계 경제발전의 새로운 동력은 물론 국제경제의 구도를 변화시키는 요인이 될 것이다. 특히 유라시아 대륙이 세계 경제의 중심으로 발전하는 계기가 될 수도 있다. 그러나 중국의 '일대일로' 구상은 거시적이고 장기적일 뿐만 아니라 복잡성을 내포하고 있어 발전을 낙관하기 어렵다. 하지만 '일대일로'는 중국이 2049년까지 완성한다는 장기적 국가발전 전략으로 강력하게 추진하고 있고, 현재 중국과 '일대일로' 연선 국가 간의 경제적 보완성이 강하고, 또 연선 국가들의 상당수가 '일대일로' 건설을 기대하고 있어서 가능성이 전혀 없는 것은 아니다. 특히 현재 중국이 추진하고 있는 '일대일로'의 다양한 정책적 내용으로 볼 때 발전 가능성을 완전히 배제할 수 없다. 설령 '일대일로'는 발전이 순조롭지 못하더라도 진행 과정만으로도 중국은 물론 주변국에 상당한 경제적 효과를 가져다줄 것이기 때문에 충분한 의미가 있다고 하겠다.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.135-157
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• 2002

The fact that Pyeongtaek Port is located ideally at the central point of the Yellow Sea's Economic Zone and it is very close to the metropolitan area of South Korea which occupies more than 50 percent of the total trade volume in terms of tonnage is providing a good prospect of development for the Port of Pyeongtaek. This study examines the perception of shippers in Kyonggi-do on the development of Pyeongtaek Port, giving some suggestions to the Pyeongtaek Port Authority. It begins with a description of the port such as current economic status, statistics on the economy, trade and investment regarding the Port of Pyeongtaek. According to a particular questionnaire survey conducted in December 2001, the major obstacles to the utilization of the port are as follows: a shortage of liner shipping routes, lack of container handling facilities including container terminal, crane etc., and port sales promotion activity. Therefore the port should make aggressive efforts to attract container cargoes to and from China by expanding port facilities, implementing effective marketing strategies, introducing a customs-free zone/free trade zone, and strengthening port sales etc.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.2303-2315
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• 2008

2007년 12월 11일 마침내 경의선 문산-봉동(판문)간 화물열차가 개통됐다. 이는 지난 1951년 경의선 운행이 중단된 지 56년만의 역사적인 사건으로서, 남북간의 철도연결은 한반도 물류동맥이 부활된다는 것이며, 나아가 중국과 몽골, 시베리아횡단철도 등 대륙철도 물류인프라의 구축이 시작됨을 의미하는 중요한 사건이다. 이것은 또한 UNESCAP에 의해 진행중인 TAR 북부노선의 확립을 위한 계획안중의 하나로서, 본연구에서는 대륙횡단철도의 연계노선 국가인 북한, 러시아, 중국철도현황과 남북철도 개통이후 향후 개선 과제 등을 검토, 남북철도의 원활한 운행과 대륙철도망과의 조속한 연계를 추진하여 TAR북부노선을 가능한 빨리 완성하는 것이다. 또한, 본 연구에서는 대륙철도연결을 위한 북한철도의 중장기 개량방안과 중국 및 러시아의 국제철도 운송로 발전전략을 파악하고, 대륙철도 및 남북철도의 활성화를 위한 국내철도의 인프라시설 대응방안 등을 보다 구체적으로 검토하여 TAR 북부노선의 조속한 확립을 검토하고자 한다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.88-97
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• 2020

In the past 20 years, passenger and cargo transportation performance at the international passenger ports in Korea have increased by 8.6% on the compound annual growth rate, respectively. The Korean government had expected to continue expanding the market of car ferries and the government included plans for the development of additional routes and lanes with neighboring countries such as China, J apan, and Russia as a part of the Plan of the Korean Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries in 2019. However, compared to the development of routes, the management and operation of passenger terminals are inefficient. The purpose of this paper was to introduce the overall improvement of the passenger terminal operating system that reflects the recent changes in the supply and demand of international passenger vessels and the needs of the government and private sector passengers. To this end, a basic survey was conducted on the status of operations and facilities at the Busan International P assenger Terminal and a questionnaire survey was administered on the subject of use. The results of the survey were analyzed using the IPA model. As a result of the analysis, three items in the operation sector, three items in the facility sector, and four items in the system sector of the Busan International Passenger Terminal were identified as in need of improvement. Based on the results, the need for investment to improve the international passenger terminal operating system is suggested.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.39-58
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• 2014

우리나라와 중국은 1993년 5월에 체결된 한중 해운회담을 통해 양국간 안정적인 항로 관리를 수행하고 있다. 이러한 노력에 기인하여 한중카페리 시장은 황해를 중심으로 한 거대시장으로 성장했으며 그 수요 또한 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 하지만 카페리 사업은 지역 및 국가 경제에 미치는 파급효과가 크며 항로 간 경쟁이 치열하다. 이러한 측면에서 본 연구는 전이할당 분석을 이용하여 한중카페리 항만의 구조분석을 수행하는 것을 연구의 목적으로 하였다. 분석결과 인천항은 지속적으로 평택 당진항과 군산항에 여객과 화물 물동량이 전이된 것으로 나타났다. 또한 인천항의 절대성장치가 잠재성장치에 크게 못 미치는 것으로 나타나 평택 당진항과 군산항과의 경쟁에서 열세임을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 서해안 권역의 물동량은 지속적으로 증가추세에 있으나 인천항의 여객과 화물 물동량은 그 성장률을 밑돌고 있다. 향후 인천항의 경우, 군산항과 평택 당진항과 경쟁에서 우위를 점하려면 단기적으로는 항만 마케팅을 통해 여객과 화물을 유치해야 하며, 장기적으로는 카페리운송의 장점인 통관의 신속성과 운항속도의 장점을 극대화 시켜 고부가가치 화물을 유치하고 항만을 특화할 필요가 있다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.345-351
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• 2012

우리나라의 주요 교역권은 아시아, 미주, 유럽 교역권으로 나눌 수 있다. 일반적으로 대량의 화물운송은 해상운송이 주를 이루지만 다른 지역과 다르게 유럽 교역권은 철도 운송이 가능하다. 또한, 중국의 성장으로 동북아 물류 중심지로서의 경쟁력이 약화된 우리나라는 지금의 경쟁구조와는 다른 방안인 철도운송에 주목할 필요가 있다. 이러한 배경 하에 본 연구에서는 한반도 종단 철도(TKR)와 시베리아 횡단철도(TSR)를 이용한 유럽 지역과의 운송 경로를 비교하여 경제성 분석에 주안점을 두었다. 분석의 요소로는 운송거리, 운송기간, 운송비, 추가비용을 중심으로 사용하였으며 분석 결과 6가지의 운송경로 중에서 TKR과 연계한 TSR(Route 1)이 경제적이라는 분석 결과가 나왔다. 따라서 향후 러시아 푸틴정부의 극동발전 전략에 대비하여 우리나라는 TKR과 TSR의 철도운송을 활용하는 것이 국가 경쟁력을 높일 수 있는 방안이 될 것이다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.679-685
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• 2004

중국경제의 급성장으로 인하여 아시아 물류수요가 급격히 증가하고 있다. 따라서 각 국은 이러한 수요를 유치하기 위한 항만개발에 전력을 투구하고 있다. 우리나라도 부산항${\cdot}$광양항을 중심으로 환적항, 나아가서 동북아 물류 중심국가가 되기 위한 여건을 마련하고, 적극적으로 항만마케팅에 나서기 시작했다. 최근 일본은 물류비용의 증대로 항만경쟁력이 감소하여 그에 대한 다양한 방안을 강구하고 있다. 이러한 일본의 침체환경을 기회로 활용하여 부산항${\cdot}$광양항의 활성화로 연계할 수 있는 노력이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구는 일본의 수출입화물의 배송루트를 유형별 즉 기존의 일본 주요 항을 이용하는 경우와 부산항${\cdot}$광양항을 이용하는 경우로 구분하여 소요되는 물류비용을 산정하였다. 그 결과 부산항${\cdot}$광양항을 경유하는 경우가 훨씬 큰 물류비용의 절감효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Acta Via Serica
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2016

The Silk Route in ancient times served as a link between the World's greatest civilizations and as a source of knowledge, art, religion and philosophy. This network of ancient caravan paths formed the first bridge between East and West, where two different civilizations came in contact with their respective cultural traditions and religious beliefs, as well as their scientific and technological achievements. One of the main routes of the Great Silk Route passed through the Karakoram, linking Kashgar with Kashmir and the Gandhara regions. The Karakoram Highway connects the Chinese province with Pakistan and follows the ancient Silk Route, which connected the Heartlands of Asia with the Western fringes and further beyond the entire continent of Europe. Evidences of the history of humankind, ranging from Pre-historic times to the spread of Buddhism from South Asia to China and the Far East, is depicted in the rocky cliffs on the waysides and on rough boulders scattered in the upper valley of the Indus River and its tributaries. The ancient trade routes also carried scholars, teachers, missionaries and monks of different beliefs and practices, who met and exchanged ideas. The Buddhists as well as Zoroastrians and other missionaries all followed the Silk Route, leaving permanent footprints of their passage. The ancient greater Gandhara is situated in the North-West of the Indian Sub-continent, with the steep mountain ranges of the Karakoram, the Pamir and the Hindu-Kush bordering it and the dry areas of Central Asia to its rear. A number of races from Central Asia migrated to Gandhara because of its mild climate and plentiful farm products and fruits. This area was an entry point of Western Culture into India and at the same times the exit point of Indian Culture, including Buddhism, to the West. In Gandhara, the diffusion of different cultures developed an art form, during the 1-7th centuries CE commonly known after its geographic name as "Gandhara Art". The Buddhism's route of introduction into China originated in Gandhara, then reached in Korea and Japan and other countries. The fame of Gandhara however, rested on its capital, "Taxila" which was a great centre of learning. From the time of the Achaemenians, down through Muslim period, Gandhara continued to establish and maintain a link between East & West, as shown by material evidences recovered from Taxila and other Buddhist centres of Gandhara during the course of archaeological excavations.