• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 1981

The morphological and structural studios of Anisakinae larva has been carried out since Sept. of 1980. The larva were collected from naturally infested eleven swine of 1,531 examined at Kwang-Ju abattoir and from marine fishes, Somber japonicus, bought at Kwang-Ju fish market. The results observed were as follow : 1. Anisakis larva found in the stomach wall and on the surface of the mucosa were more or less degenerated. According to the progress of degeneration, the cross sections showed varied structures (Fig. 6, 7). 2. Size of the larva both from swine and fishes were measured respectively in average(mm); 18.0 and 18.7 in body length, 0.30 and 0.41 in body width, 1.64 and 1.68 in esophagus(muscular-part), 0.56 and 0.67 in ventriculus (glandular part), and 0.13 and 0.12 in tail. It was notable that body length of the larva in this present data, 18.0mm and 1.87mm, were shorter than those in previous dada, 24.3mm from human cases and 28.4mm from, however, the present data were almost similar to the data, 1.75mm, from swine case. 3. The Boring tooth, Mucron, long ventriculus and short round tail were observed in the larva of this present study. These structures were differentiated from Anisakis type II larvae which was provided with short ventriculus, and conical and tapering tall without mucron. 4. The ventricular appendix and intestnal caecum were not present in the larva. These might be differentiated from other Anisakidae larva such as Terranova larvae, Contracaecum larvae, Raphidascaris larvae and Thynnascaris larvae. 5. The findings through the histological observation were a pair of Y-shaped or butterfly-shaped lateal chords, ventral and dorsal chords, excretory(Renette) cell, high columnar epithelial cells of digestive tract and muscle cells. These morphological characteristics revealed varied features in the structures in the degenerative degree of the larva in the stomach wall. 6. The above-mentioned characteristics of the larva observed could be indentified as Anisakis type I larvae. 7. The reports on natural infestation of domestic animal with Anisakis type I larvae were two swine cases in Korea and Japan respectively, On the other hand two human cases of the larva were reported in Korea and more than one thousand cases in Japan. In Twiwan no reports of human and domestic animal cases could be found.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.329-336
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• 2016

Cutaneous microvasculature plays a critical role in age-associated skin changes. A considerable reduction of number and size of vessels has been observed in the upper dermis of elderly skin. Forsythiae fructus (FF), the dried fruit of plant Forsythia suspensa (F. suspensa), has been traditionally used as an herbal medicine to treat inflammatory diseases and bacterial diseases. However, its regulatory effect on angiogenic responses has not been elucidated in skin. Therefore, we analyzed secretory profiles upon treatment of FF extract using array designed to detect angiogenesis-associated mediators in human keratinocytes. Because keratinocyte-derived VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) has been regarded as a potent factor for new microvasculature under the epidermis, we further investigated the effect of FF extract on VEGF production. We observed that the VEGF expression of mRNA and protein level was increased by about 2 folds in a dose-dependent manner after FF extract treatment. In signaling experiments, FF extract induced rapid p38 MAPK activation within 5 min, and the activation was totally abrogated by pretreatment with a p38 MAPK specific inhibitor. The FF-induced VEGF upregulation was also significantly attenuated by a p38 MAPK inhibition. Taken together, FF extract induces VEGF production via p38 MAPK activation in human epidermal keratinocytes. These novel findings suggest that FF is useful as a potential agent with pro-angiogenic activity and may help to improve age-dependent reduction of the microvasculature in aged skin or to heal skin wound.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.217-224
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• 2016

Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is prevalent in hospital environments and is an important opportunistic pathogen of nosocomial infection. It is known that this pathogen cause herd infection in hospitals, and the mortality rate is remarkably higher for patients infected with this pathogen and already have other underlying diseases. Herein, we investigated the antibiotic resistance rate and the type of resistance genes in 85 isolates of multi-drug resistant A. baumannii from the samples commissioned to laboratory medicine in two university hospitals-in hospital A and hospital B-located in Cheonan and Chungcheong provinces, respectively, in Korea. As a result, $bla_{OXA-23-like}$ and $bla_{OXA-51-like}$ were detected in 82 stains (96.5%). These 82 strains of $bla_{OXA-23-like}$ producing A. baumannii were confirmed with the ISAba1 gene found at the top of the $bla_{OXA-23-like}$ genes by PCR, inducing the resistance against carbapenemase. The armA, AME gene that induces the resistance against aminoglycoside was detected in 34 strains out of 38 strains from Hospital A (89.5%), and in 40 strains out of 47 strains from Hospital B (85.1%), while AMEs were found in 33 strains out of 38 strains from Hospital A (70.2%) and in 44 strains out of 47 strains in Hospital B (93.6%). Therefore, it was found that most multi-drug resistant A. baumannii from the Cheonan area expressed both acethyltransferase and adenyltransferase. This study investigated the multi-drug resistant A. baumannii isolated from Cheonan and Chungcheong provinces in Korea, and it is thought that the results of the study can be utilized as the basic information to cure multi-drug resistant A. baumannii infections and to prevent the spread of drug resistance.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.65-74
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• 1992

The tegumental ultrastructure of juvenile and adult Echinostoma cinetorchis (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Three-day (juvenile) and 16-day (adult) worms were harvested from rats (Sprague-Dawley) experimentally fed the metacercariae from the laboratory-infected fresh water snail, Hippeutis cantori. The worms were fifed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde, processed routinely, and observed by an ISI Korea DS-130 scanning electron microscope. The 3-day old juvenile worms were elongated and ventrally curved, with their ventral sucker near the anterior two-fifths of the body. The head crown was bearing 37∼38 collar spines arranged in a zigzag pattern. The lips of the oral and ventral suckers had 8 and 5 type II sensory papillae respectively, and bewteen the spines, a few type III papillae were observed. Tongue or spade-shape spines were distributed anteriorly to the ventral sucker, whereas peg-like spines were distributed posteriorly and became sparse toward the posterior body. The spines of the dorsal surface were similar to those of the ventral surface. The 16-day old adults were leaf-like, and their oral and ventral suckers were located very closely. Aspinous head crown, oral and ventral suckers had type II and type III sensory papillae, and numerous type I papillae were distributed on the tegument anterior to the ventral sucker. Scale-like spines, with broad base and round tip, were distributed densely on the tegument anterior to the ventral sucker but they became sparse posteriorly. At the dorsal surface, spines were observed at times only at the anterior body. The results showed that the tegument of E. cinetorchis is similar to that of other echinostomes, but differs in the number and arrangement of collar spines, shape and distribution of tegumenal spines, and type and distribution of sensory papillae.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.241-245
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• 1983

PraziquantEI ($Distocide^{\circledR}$), the KcrEan product, was tEstEd for its safety and Efficacy in treatmEnt of Clonorchis sinensiJ infccticn during the period from April to SeptembEr, 1983 in Korea. A total of 55 egg positive cases were selected and treated with the regimen of 25 mg/kg t.i.d. for 1 day (total 75 mg/kg). The follow-up stool examination was done in 47 cases by cellophane thir;k smear and Stoll's egg counting techniques. The 8 uncured cases were treated again with the same regimen. The laboratory tests for blood picture and liver function were done in 27 cases and compared before and after the treatment. The results obtainEd are as follows: 1. After single course treatment, the cure and egg reduction rates were 83.0 and 99.1% respectively. With the second treatment, excellent results of 100% in both rates were obtained. 2. Several kinds of side effects such as dizziness, headache, etc. were complained by 29 cases (61.7 %), however, those were so mild and transient that no special treatment was necessary. 3. No significant change in laboratory findings was recognizable before and after the treatment. From the above results, it is concluded that $Distocide^{\circledR}$ is as effective and safe as $Biltricide^{\circledR}$ and highly recommendable in treatment of C. sinensis infection.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.224-229
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• 1981

Perilla (Perilla frutescens Britton var. Crispa Decasne) cultivated in three geographical areas of Korea, Gwangju, Taegu and Jeju, was analyzed for carbohydrate, lipid, protein, inorganic components and fatty acid composition. Carbohydrate, lipid and protein content of perilla seed ranged from 40 (Taegu) to 44% (Jelu), from 28 (Jeju) to 34% (Taegu) and from 15 (Gwangju) to 16% (Jeju), respectively. The overage contents of potassium, silicate, calcium, phosphate, iron, zinc, magnesium and mangane in the perilla seed varied between $426{\sim}446$, $197{\sim}229$. $124{\sim}136$, $46{\sim}56$, $30{\sim}49$, $42{\sim}45$, $40{\sim}45$, and $30{\sim}36mg%$, respectively and those variations different cultivation areas were not significant except iron. Saponification number, iodine value and acid value of the perilla oil were between $194{\sim}198$, $196{\sim}200$ and $4{\sim}5$, respectively. Those variations among the cultivation areas were not significant. The composition of the perilla oil was observed to be composed of $92{\sim}95%$ of triglyceride, $1.2{\sim}1.3%$ of phospholipid, $1.7{\sim}1.9%$ of unsaponifiables, $0.7{\sim}0.9%$ of free fatty acid, and $1.1{\sim}1.4$ linolenic, linoleic and oleic acid as $55{\sim}56$, $16{\sim}18$ and $16{\sim}20%$ of total fatty acids, but in phospholipid, the content of saturated fatty acids, $12{\sim}24$ of total fatty acid, was higher than that in triglyceride, $8{\sim}19%$ of total fatty acids. The content of saturated fatty acids in sterylester $(14{\sim}19%)$ was higher than that in sterylglycoside ($6{\sim}7%$ of total fatty acids). The variation in fatty acid composition was not significant in the composition of total fatty acid but a significant difference was observed in the composition of phospholipid, in which the content of palmitate ranged from 11.8%(Taegu) to 24%(Gwangju) of total fatty acids. No significant variation was found in the fatty acid composition among the cultivation areas, while a significant difference was observed in phospholipid.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.4863-4872
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• 2010

This study examined the disease conditions of patients from a farming and fishing village area. In order to analyze the medical service utilization, the necessary data were obtained from established health and medical care service plans from medical treatment related organizations. The following results were based on the analysis of data from the medical records of 2,365 discharged patients during a six months period from July to December 2009 at a general hospital in an aging farming and fishing village area. Results: The sex of the patients investigated was male 55.3%, female 44.7%, and the most frequent age category at 42.0% was 70 years of age or older. Based on type of hospital admission, 65.5% of patients who were admitted were originally outpatients. Patients were admitted according to the following departments: 49.7% for the department of internal medicine, 16.7% for the department of orthopedics, and 13.8% for the department of neurosurgery. The average number of days hospitalized was 14.8 days. The following ranks the principal diagnosis among patients in this study: S00-T98 18.4%, J00-J99 15.5%, and I00-I99 11.5%. The average number of diagnosis listed per patient was 5.6. There was a statistically significant difference for the following general characteristics according to principal diagnosis list: gender, type of insurance, admission process, and age category distribution had statistically significant differences. Monthly distribution of principal diagnoses were statistically significant difference. There was a statistically significant difference for principal diagnosis lists according to the average number of days admitted and the number of diagnosis. The results of this study showed the types of disease from typical farming and fishing village regions as disease from external injury due to the work environment of farming and fishing village regions and excessive labor throughout the year, respiratory disease, and various chronic disease from aging.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.11
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• pp.1179-1186
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• 2005

Purpose : A universal standard of the birth weight for gestational age cannot be made since girth weight distribution varies with race and other sociodemographic factors. This report aims to establish the birth weight distribution curve by gestational age, specific for Korean live births. Methods : We used the national birth certificate data of all live births in Korea from January 2001 to December 2003; for live births with gestational ages 24 weeks to 44 weeks(n=1,509,763), we obtained mean birth weigh, standard deviation and 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentile values for each gestational age group by one week increment. Then, we investigated the birth weight distribution of each gestational age group by the normal Gaussian model. To establish final standard values of Korean birth weight distribution by gestational age, we used the finite mixture model to eliminate erroneous birth slights for respective gestational ages. Results : For gestational ages 28 weeks 32 weeks, birth weight distribution showed a biologically implausible skewed tail or bimodal distribution. Following correction of the erroneous distribution by using the finite mixture model, the constructed curve of birth weight distribution was compared to those of other studies. The Korean birth weight percentile values were generally lower than those for Norwegians and North Americans, particularly after 37 weeks of gestation. The Korean curve was similar to that of Lubchenco both 50th and 90th percentiles, but generally the Korean curve had higher 10th percentile values. Conclusion : This birth weight distribution curve by gestational age is based on the most recent and the national population data compared to previous studies in Korea. We hope that for Korean infants, this curve will help clinicians in defining and managing the large for gestational age infants and also for infants with intrauterine growth retardation.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2009

Absorbed dose to water based protocols recommended that plane-parallel chambers be calibrated against calibrated cylindrical chambers in a high energy electron beam with $R_{50}$>7 $g/cm^2$ (E${\gtrsim}$16 MeV). However, such high-energy electron beams are not available at all radiotherapy centers. In this study, we are compared the absorbed dose to water determined according to cross-calibration method in a high energy electron beam of 16 MeV and in electron beam energies of 12 MeV below the cross-calibration quality remark. Absorbed dose were performed for PTW 30013, Wellhofer FC65G Farmer type cylindrical chamber and for PTW 34001, Wellhofer PPC40 Roos type plane-parallel chamber. The cylindrical and the plane-parallel chamber to be calibrated are compared by alternately positioning each at reference depth, $Z_{ret}=0.6R_{50}-0.1$ in water phantom. The $D_W$ of plane-parallel chamber are derived using across-calibration method at high-energy electron beams of 16, 20 MeV. Then a good agreement is obtained the $D_W$ of plane-parallel chamber in 12 MeV. The agreement between 20 MeV and 12 MeV are within 0.2% for IAEA TRS-398.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.24-32
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• 1985

The worm development and egg laying pattern of Echinostoma hortense (Trematoda; Echinosto-matidae) were studied in albino rats and the brief clinical course was observed in human volunteers. A total of 21 rats were infected with 20~69 metacercariae each and two humans were with 7 and 27 metacercariae, which were collected from the loaches. For recovery of worms, the rats were sacrificed at irregular intervals from the 6th to 150th day after infection and the human volunteers were treated with praziquantel and purged with magnesium salt on the 26~27th day. The stools of the rats and humans were examined for the eggs. The results were as follows: 1. The worm recovery rate from the rats was not affected by the increase of infection time but varied individually; 9.1~50.0% (31.1 % in average). From humans, 14.3% and 37.0% (32.4% in average) of challenged were recovered. 2. In the rats, it was revealed that the worms rapidly grew for the first 14 days to become 7.59mm in average length and 1.17mm in average width but the growth became much slower thereafter until the 150th day; 7.95mm in length on the 21 th day, 9.04mm on the 28th day, 10.21mm on the 49th day and 12. 62mm on the 150th day. During the early stage of infection, the growth of genital organs (male or female) was expressed as sigmoid curves whereas non-genital organs (such as suckers) was simply as straight lines. 3. The prepatent period of this fluke was 10~12 days in the rats and 16~17 days in men. After the start of oviposition, the egg production by the worms remarkably increased, reached maximum on the 32~33th day, followed by decrease thereafter. The maximum value of E.P.G./worm was 390. 4. The major subjective symptoms in human volunteers were abdominal pain and diarrhea during the early stage of infection. The results show that human is as susceptible as the rats to E. hortense infection and the amount of egg production in the rats is greatly affected by the age of worms.