• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.372-379
• /
• 2013

This study was to investigate the chemical properties and nitrite scavenging and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities from Salicornia herbaciea seed. The lactic acid content of seed was about 2.0 fold higher than that of stem. Among various free sugars, the maximum fructose of seed, glucose of stem, and mannose contents of root were obtained, 176.3, 125.6, and 112.8 mg/100g, respectively. The maximum leucine content of seed among the essential amino acid was obtained, 853.7 mg/100g, which was about 3.0 or 6.0 folds higher than that of root or stem. In the case of glutamic acid of seed, it was 2,388.7 mg/100g, which was 5.6 or 9.8 folds higher han that of root or stem. The ratio of essential amino acid and total amino acid of seed was 30.14%. The ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid contents of seed, stem, and root were 43.87, 23.88, and 27.8 mg/100g, respectively. The catechin content of seed was an order of epigallocatechin (723.2 mg/100g) > epigallocatechingallate (654.3 mg/100g) > epicatechin (443.5 mg/100g) > gallocatechin (314.1 mg/100g). Especially, the non-gallated catechins content was about 2.0 folds higher than that of gallated catechins content. The nitrite scavenging activity of seed increased from 38.7 to 65.9% when the hot-water extract content of seed at pH 1.2 increased from 1.0 to 5.0 mg/mL. However, it was decreased to 25.7% at pH 6. The acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of seed was increased from 13.2 to 44.6% when the extract content increased from 20 to 100 mg/mL. These results show that S. herbaciea seed has a good potential to be used as a source of material or additive in cosmetics, food, and drug compositions.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.173-179
• /
• 2000

Effects of Estradiol-$17\beta(E_2)$ and 2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D) on vitellogenin(VTG) production were investigated in primary hepatocyte culture of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Highest survival rate of hepatocyte were observed at $27^{\circ}C$, which markedly declined equal to 50% of those of $15^{\circ}C$. Vitellogenin production peaked at the concentration of $10^{-6}M\;E_2$. No effect was observed on VTG production at various concentrations of 2, 4-D. However, a low concentration of 2, 4-D (ie, $10^{-8}M$) only appeared increased VTG production. $E_2$ or $10^{-8}M$ 2, 4-D-primed VTG production was markedly inhibited by the addition of $10^{-6}M$ tamoxifen to the culture medium(P<0.01). Inhibition was not affected by combinational treatment with $10^{-6}M$ $E_2$ and $10^{-6}M$ 2, 4-D. These results from the current investigation suggest that 2, 4-D mimics $E_2$, but the mechanism of reaction in inducing the $E_2$ receptor are different in VTG production in oliver flounder hepatocytes.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.54 no.4
• /
• pp.341-353
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The most important factor in longevity studies of dental prostheses is objective and consistent evaluation of the prosthesis. The Korean Academy of Prosthodontics suggested developing a standardized method for longevity studies of dental prostheses. The purpose of this study is to evaluate previously-used criteria and to develop new criteria, in the form of a procedure flowchart and an evaluation sheet. These new criteria may be able to provide a unified standard for future longevity studies of dental prostheses. Materials and methods: A literature review was performed about the evaluation of dental prostheses. Taking into account the strengths and weaknesses of previously used criteria, a novel, intuitive and objective method was developed for assessment of dental prostheses. Then, a pilot survey was performed with the newly developed flowchart and evaluation sheet to determine problems and implement possible improvements. Results: Thirty cases of fixed dental prosthesis (FDP), 25 cases of removable dental prosthesis (RDP), and 13 cases of implant supported prosthesis (ISP) were evaluated. The average life expectancy estimate was 12.82 years for FDP, 5.96 years for RDP, and 4.82 years for ISP with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Additionally, possible improvements discovered by the pilot survey were reflected in the flowchart and evaluation sheet. Conclusion: The newly developed KAP criteria, flowchart and evaluation sheet enabled objective and consistent results in trial longevity studies of dental prostheses. It is expected that future studies will not only use the KAP criteria but also further improvement will be made on them.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.56 no.2
• /
• pp.95-104
• /
• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting the longevity of failed prosthesis and the success rate of the prosthesis based on the data evaluated with the newly developed Korean Academy of Prosthodontics (KAP) criteria. Materials and methods: Evaluation was performed in the restored prosthesis for patients who visited the prosthodontics department of the 13 dental university hospitals and general hospitals. The status of the prosthesis was classified into four categories: Good, Fair, Bad, Worst. The success was recorded if only the category was classified in 'good'. The mean duration of failed prostheses and the success rate through Kaplan-Meier method were analyzed. Results: A total of 1,804 cases of prosthesis were evaluated: 810 cases of fixed dental prostheses (FDP), 519 cases of Removable Dental Prostheses (RDP), and 475 cases of implant prosthesis. The mean duration of failed FDP was $11.41{\pm}0.30years$ and the median was 10 years. The mean duration of failed RDP was $8.18{\pm}0.29years$ and the median was 7 years. The mean duration of failed implant prosthesis was $7.99{\pm}0.30years$ and the median was 7 years. The factors related to the failure were as follows: number of units, abutments, abutments treated with root canal, and plaque index in FDPs; treated and opposing dentition in RDPs; the number of implants, duration of use, and plaque index in implant prostheses. Conclusion: The average duration of failed prosthesis was 11.41 years for FDPs, 8.18 years for RDPs, and 7.99 years for implant prosthesis, according to the evaluation with newly developed KAP criteria.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.158-165
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze photoplethysmographic waveforms from pulse oximeter using raw data of red and infrared light and investigate the reference values of parameters (Height, Width50, Maximum slope, Minimum slope, Area) for evaluating pulpal blood flow in maxillary central incisors with normal pulp vitality in children. The study was performed in 30 pediatric patients, aged 7-16 years old, using pulse oximeter (MEKICS Co., Ltd, Korea) combined with a custom-made sensor. The raw data was obtained and recorded by custom-made software and analyzed by LabChart (v.7.3, ADInstruments, Germany) offline. In this study, we analyzed photoplethysmographic waveforms from pulse oximeter applied to maxillary central incisor for assessment of pulpal blood flow and suggested several reference values of young permanent maxillary central incisor with normal pulp. On average, the waveform of red light was higher, stiffer and wider than that of infrared light. Future studies about reference values for other normal teeth and the teeth with impaired pulp vitality are needed.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.47 no.3
• /
• pp.248-256
• /
• 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of national dental screening for children in Korea in the aspects of prevention of dental caries, the number of treatments related to dental caries, and cost of dental care. The study used the national cohort data on children health screening provided by National Health Insurance Service, and analyzed 32,937 1st dental screening, 22,608 2nd dental screening, 13,708 3rd dental screening, and 241,043 cases from the dental care of 27,944 children born in year 2008 and 2009. The decayed-filled teeth index and decayed-filled person rate, calculated from the results of the 2nd and 3rd dental screening, decreased as the number of preceding dental screening increased. Glass ionomer and amalgam restoration, pulp treatment of primary teeth and extraction of primary canine and molar were shown to decrease as the number of examined dental screening increased, and the total cost of dental care covered by national health insurance also decreased as the number of dental screening increased. In conclusion, national dental screening for children is an efficient and economical oral health care method that prevents dental caries and lowers the possibility of dental caries related treatment, thereby reducing cost of dental care.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.45-59
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of ultrasound on adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Adjuvant arthritis was induced in 26 female Sprauge-Dawley rats by the subcutaneous injection of a single dose of .1 mL of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) (1 mg of Mycobacterium Butyricum suspended in .1 $m{\ell}$ paraffin oil) into the right hind paw. After confirming inflammatory edema and arthritis in the paw 2 weeks later, the arthritic rats were divided into 3 groups, i.e., a control group, a pulsed ultrasound group (Group A), and a continuous ultrasound group (Group B) with 8 rats placed in each group. The rats in Group A were treated with pulsed ultrasound at 1 MHz frequency with .5 $W/cm^2$ intensity in 1 : 4 mode for 3 minutes. The rats in Group B were treated with continuous ultrasound at 1 MHz frequency with 2 $W/cm^2$ intensity in the continuous mode for 3 minutes. The ultrasound treatment was done in the left and right ankles for 2 weeks. Clinical, radiographic and histopathologic findings were then evaluated before and after treatment and yielded the following results. 1. No significant difference was present in body weight between the control group and the treated groups. 2. A statistically significant decrease in the edema of the paw was seen in the rats in Group A that was treated with pulsed ultrasound by 26~29 days after the treatment started (p<.05). 3. According to radiological examination, Group A showed the lowest score in arthritis scale which means it showed a tendency to suppress arthritic inflammation of the left and right hind paws. However, no statistically significant difference was present in the score between the control group, Group A and Group B. 4. According to histopathologic findings, the degree of infiltration by inflammatory cells and hypertrophy of the synovium were less in Group A compared with the control group and Group B. The results of the study show that rats that were treated with the pulsed ultrasound effectively suppressed adjuvant arthritis. However, more effort is needed to objectively prove the effectiveness of ultrasound by developing more sensitive testing methods that could quantitatively evaluate the treatment effects of acute rheumatoid arthritis and by trying out different ultrasound treatment methods.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.29-36
• /
• 2016

Objectives Firefighters and rescue workers are likely to be exposed to a variety of traumatic events; as such, they are vulnerable to the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The psychometric properties of the Korean version of the PTSD Checklist (PCL), a widely used self-report screening tool for PTSD, were assessed in South Korean firefighters and rescue workers. Methods Data were collected via self-report questionnaires and semi-structured clinical interviews administered to 221 firefighters. Internal consistency, item-total correlation, one-week test-retest reliability, convergent validity, and divergent validity were examined. Content validity of the PCL was evaluated using factor analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to estimate the optimal cutoff point and area under the curve. Results The PCL demonstrated excellent internal consistency (${\alpha}=0.97$), item-total correlation (r = 0.72-0.88), test-retest reliability (r = 0.95), and convergent and divergent validity. The total score of PCL was positively correlated with the number of traumatic events experienced (p < 0.001). Factor analysis revealed two theoretically congruent factors: re-experience/avoidance and numbing/hyperarousal. The optimal cutoff was 45 and the area under the ROC curve was 0.97. Conclusions The Korean version of the PCL may be a useful PTSD screening instrument for firefighters and rescue workers, further maximizing opportunities for accurate PTSD diagnosis and treatment.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.253-277
• /
• 1999

Patients with chronic disease have various treatment patterns because it shows a progressive degenerative feature. Especially various physical and emotional problems of the rheumatoid arthritis patients leave them shopping around various types of treatment. According to previous studies, over 70% of patients with arthritis experienced the traditional oriental medicine or folk remedies simultaneously with medical treatment within one year after the onset of disease. The purposes of this study are 1) to compare the patterns of treatment-seeking behaviors between Korean arthritis patients and Americans ; and 2) test two models of treatment-seeking behaviors by path analysis, one for early treatment-seeking behavior model(ETBM) and the other is chronic treatment-seeking behavior model (CTBM) in Korean sample. The interview survey was performed to 133 RA patients with structured questionnaire at out-patient clinic or public health center. Patients characteristics such as age, duration of disease were similar in two countries except higher educational background in Americans. There were no patients using only alternative therapies or no medical treatment in the US. Most of the American patients have chosen both medical treatment and alternative therapy, while the Koreans less than American. In Korea, combined treatment group usually consists of the people who are younger, more educated and higher economic status than the characters of other groups in early or chronic stages. In early stage, they tend to have strong belief of curing from the disease, satisfy the relationship with their physicians and comply with direction of the medical professional. The paths of two models were explained by 70% in ETBM and 33% in CTBM. When the models were modified, almost all paths of the CTBM were the same as the previous one, but direct determinant factor was changed from the relationship with physicians to the lay referral system in chronic model. These two models' explanation powers became 94% and 88%, respectively. The attitude or perception of disease, lay referral system and the relationship with medical personnel are the main determinants of treatment-seeking behaviors.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.21-25
• /
• 2008

Purpose : In recent years, many countries have adopted newborn screening programs that use tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to screen and the number of diseases screened has also increased. We began screening for inherited metabolic disorders using MS/MS in April, 2001. Our goal was to determine the overall prevalence of metabolic disorders and to assess the effectiveness of newborn screening by MS/MS in Korea. Methods : From April, 2001 to December, 2007, we screened newborns and high risk groups using MS/MS. Acylcarnitines and amino acids were extracted and butylated and were introduced into the inlet of MS/MS. Confirmatory testing including a repeat newborn screening, and urine organic acid and plasma amino acid analysis were performed on a case-by-case basis. Results : The total number of screened subjects 284,933 which comprised 251,799 neonates and 33,134 high risk subjects. The recall rate was 0.4% (1158 tests) and true positive cases were 117 (0.04%). Confirmed metabolic disorders (newborn/high risk group) were as follows; 78 (25/53) amino acid disorders, 27 (16/11) organic acid disorders, and 12 (5/7) fatty acid oxidation disorders. The estimated prevalence of inherited metabolic diseases in newborns was 1:5,000 and that in the total group was 1:2,000. Conclusion : Newborn screening by MS/MS improved the detection of many inherited metabolic disorders. We therefore propose that all newborns be screened by a MS/MS national program and followed-up using a systemic organization strategy.