• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.875-889
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to assess a dietary status and to examine the factors related to the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean children and adolescents. For this study, 5,576 subjects aged 10~18 years, who participated in the health and dietary intake survey (24h recall method) of the 2007~2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), were sampled. The five components for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in the subjects were taken from the modified NCEP-ATP III. The total prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the subjects was 4.6%. The total prevalences of the metabolic syndrome components among the subjects were central obesity 8.4%, hypertriglyceridemia 18.8%, low HDL-cholesterol 13.4%, hypertension 22.4%, and hyperglycemia 5.2%. The gender, age, weight status, frequency of daily meals and eating-out frequency of subjects affected the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Based on these results, There should be to improve the dietary guidelines and nutrition education to decrease the prevalence of metabolic syndrome for Korean children and adolescents.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.289-295
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• 2022

Objectives: In this study, raw data from the 7th (2016-2018) of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used, and a total of 2,430 people were selected as participants to analyze the factors related to unmet dental care needs in postmenopausal women. Methods: Frequency analysis, cross analysis, and logistic regression analysis were performed for general characteristics, oral health characteristics, and unmet dental care needs related factors using IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 program. Results: The unmet dental care related factors were 1.527 times higher in the case of not having oral examinations than in the case of having oral examinations. For those who did not make use of the dental clinic, 8.667 times, 2.913 times for bad oral health, and 1.912 times for usually showed that unmet dental care was higher. Inconvenience with speaking was 1.578 times higher, and in the absence of implants, unmet dental care needs was 1.510 times higher. In the case of no chewing difficulty, was 0.380 times lower. Conclusions: Based on the above results, in order to achieve the policy goal to reduce unmet dental care needs, policy support and interest are needed above all to accurately identify and solve specific problems.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.24-38
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• 2016

The purpose of our study is to analyze the effect of socio-economic status on the diet pattern of Korean adults. Raw data from the fifth (2010-2012) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were used, and finally 11,700 adults were analyzed as subjects. Results in consideration of the socio-economic status of the subjects, a linear trend was observed in men in which the odds ratio of having lunch (p for trend=0.006) and dinner (p for trend=0.0317) decreased as the level of education went down. In diet frequency, a decreasing trend (p for trend=0.0328) was observed in which the odds ratio of having 3 meals a day reduced as the household income lowered. For women, a linear trend (p for trend=0.0012) was observed in which the frequency of dinner decreased as the level of education became lower. A falling trend in the rate of having 3 meals a day was also observed (p for trend=0.0135). Our study analyzed the characteristics of the diet patterns of individuals according to their socio-economic status with the purpose of suggesting guidelines for correcting. To prevent this, we will need education and awareness and public attention for the practice of correct eating habits.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.245-250
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• 2023

Objectives: This study was conducted to analyze the factors related to unmet dental care needs in Korean adults who needed dental treatment. Methods: This study analyzed data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016-2018). Among the adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2,723 dental treatment who performed oral examinations were the final subjects. General characteristics and oral health characteristics were analyzed with complex sample chi-square test using the IBM SPSS program. Factors related to unmet dental care were analyzed by multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: As for unmet dental care needs related factors, bad oral health was 3.383 times higher, and usually was 1.736 times higher. In the use of dental clinic unmet dental care needs was 0.121 times lower. Unmet dental care needs was high, 1.366 times for those with the experience of tooth pain and 2.736 times for those with chewing difficulty. Conclusions: Based on the above results, it can be seen that oral health status or oral discomfort is related to unmet dental care needs. It is necessary to set goals to improve unmet dental care, recognize that one's oral health condition is very important, and continuously educate about oral health for each life cycle.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.106-117
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• 2016

Osteoporosis is a major health problem that can lead to mortality. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis separately and to assess the risk factors associated with osteopenia/osteoporosis in Korean men aged 50 years and over. A total of 1,136 subjects were analyzed among the participants of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010~2011 by using SPSS statistics complex samples (windows ver. 23.0). The prevalence rates of osteopenia and osteoporosis were 46.3% and 7.3%, respectively, and the mean ages of both osteopenia and osteoporosis risk groups were significantly higher than that of the normal group. The mean values for lifetime tallest height and bone mineral density in whole body, total femur, femoral neck, and lumbar spine were significantly lower in the risk group(osteopenia/osteoporosis) than in the normal group, whereas the mean values for height, body weight, BMI, waist circumference, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides of the two groups showed no significant differences. The intakes of energy and carbohydrates were significantly higher in the risk group than in the normal group. The results of multiple logistic regression showed that being underweight and having hypercholesterolemia were significantly related with the prevalence of osteopenia/osteoporosis, whereas health habits such as smoking and exercise, chronic diseases such as obesity and hypertension, and nutrient intakes were not. These findings suggest the need for further studies to examine osteopenia/osteoporosis risk factors and outcomes specificly focused on Korean men.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.58 no.9
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• pp.336-340
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• 2015

Purpose: The mean adult height of Koreans has increased since nationwide anthropological measurements began in 1967. The objective of this study was to evaluate differences in heights of Korean late adolescents and young adults within and between the Second and Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES II and V). Methods: Koreans aged ${\leq}22$ years with available measurements of height were enrolled from the KNHANES surveys (KNHANES II: n=3,372 [1,732 males and 1,640 females]; KNHANES V: n=6,190 [3,198 males and 2,992 females]). Differences in the height of KNHANES respondents within and between surveys were evaluated according to age and sex. Results: In KNHANES II, there was no significant difference in height between males aged 17-19 years and those aged 20-22 years ($174.3{\pm}0.5cm$ vs. $174.3{\pm}0.6cm$, P=0.995). Females aged 20-22 years were taller than those aged 17-19 years ($159.8{\pm}0.4cm$ vs. $161.0{\pm}0.4cm$, P=0.017). Females aged 17-19 years were significantly taller in KNHANES V than in KNHANES II ($161.2{\pm}0.3cm$ vs. $159.8{\pm}0.4cm$, P=0.004). Respondents aged 20-22 years were taller in KNHANES V than in KNHANES II, although not significantly so; the difference was $0.3{\pm}0.8cm$ in males (P=0.721) and $0.5{\pm}0.6cm$ in females (P=0.386). Conclusion: Koreans appear to continue growing even in their late adolescence and early twenties. Consequently, it may be necessary to expand the reference age ranges of the Korean growth chart. Additionally, a longitudinal growth survey is needed to determine growth patterns and secular trend in height among Koreans.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.22-32
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• 2016

Purpose: This study is intended to analyze factors of metabolic syndrome and vitamin D deficiency with resources obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) V conducted in 2010. Methods: The subjects were 870 adolescents aged from 10 to 18 who participated in the first KNHANES V. Secondary data analysis was done by Chi-square, ANOVA, correlation analysis and simple linear regression. Results: The influencing factors of metabolic syndrome were vitamin D, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, which were statistically significant. Simple linear regression was conducted to identify the influence of vitamin D on the factors related to metabolic syndrome, which showed that waist size (t=-1.97, p<.05), systolic blood pressure (t=-2.88, p<.01), and diastolic blood pressure (t=-5.72, p<.001) were influenced by vitamin D. In addition, each factor decreased by .131, .209, and .355, respectively, when vitamin D increased by one unit. Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome is a factor to be considered in order to improve adolescent health and form adolescent health behaviors. Schools, families, and local communities should cooperate with each other on the foundation of a regular health screening process and systematic health education programs. In addition, it is expected enhanced physical activities and sports club participation can prevent metabolic syndrome and increase vitamin D among adolescent.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.214-220
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of smoking duration, smoked cigarettes per day and smoking cessation period on pulmonary function among ex-smokers: based on the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Methods: This study was analyzed using the 6th KNHANES data. Pulmonary function tests were performed on a total of 4,214 adults (> 40 years old). A total of 770 adults ex-smokers were eligible for inclusion in the final analysis. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second ($FEV_1$) and $FEV_1/FEV$ were measured to evaluate pulmonary function. Results: This study showed that there were significant differences in both $FEV_1$ and FVC values based on gender, age and height, among ex-smokers. $FEV_1/FVC$ significantly differed by age, height and the smoking duration prior to smoking cessation. Multiple regression analysis revealed that, $FEV_1/FVC$ accounted for 26.0% of the variance by age, height and smoking duration. There was a difference in the mean value of $FEV_1/FVC$ with or without smoking for more than 10 years. Conclusion: This study's findings show that smoking for over 10 years in an ex-smoker can lead to problems with the respiratory system. The long-term cigarette has progressive ill effects on the respiratory system.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.577-595
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• 2009

This study aimed to reanalyze energy and nutrient intakes of 2007 Korean Nutrition and Health Examination Survey (KNHANES) using CAN-Pro 3.0, a commonly used nutrient analysis software in Korea. Food items and their codes were selected from 2007 KNHANES dietary intake file and converted to food codes of CAN-Pro 3.0 nutrient database (NDB). Of the 1,324 total food items, 1,155 items were converted by direct matching, 123 items were matched using other items in CAN-Pro 3.0 NDB and 42 items were matched using external sources. Consumption frequencies of items converted by direct matching contributed 94.5% of total consumption. Nutrient intakes of 4,091 participants of 2007 KNHANES, over 1 year old, were recalculated using CAN-Pro 3.0 NDB and compared with intakes in 2007 KNHANES dietary intake file. Intakes for energy and all nutrients except protein and Vitamin C calculated by two NDBs were significantly different by paired t-test (p < 0.001), but significantly correlated by Pearson' correlation coefficients (p < 0.001). Percent differences between the NDBs ranged from 0.3% to 15.1%, low for protein, energy, vitamin C, iron, vitamin B$_2$ (below 5%) but high for phosphorus, retinol, vitamin A, and $\beta$-carotene (over 10%). Age group, sex, and their interactions significantly influenced six nutrients (p < 0.05). Intake levels of zinc, vitamin B6, vitamin E, folate and cholesterol were not available in 2007 KNHANES but were calculated by CAN-Pro 3.0. Mean intake levels of zinc, vitamin B$_6$, vitamin E, and folate by age and sex groups revealed that some groups had mean levels below RI (Recommended Intake) or AI (Adequate Intake) levels. Intake level of cholesterol was higher than the recommended level (below 300 mg/day) in some groups, especially males. Results of the present study indicate the need for comparable and more comprehensive NDB to be used for dietary assessment of KNHANES and other researches. More rigorous evaluation of nutrients which have not been reported in KNHANES is needed.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.226-242
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• 2012

Consumption of foods with high energy and low nutrient values has been linked to various health issues including obesity and chronic diseases. This study investigated the high-energy/low-nutrient food consumption status and its relationship with obesity status and intake of energy and nutrients, using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) and the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS). The prevalence of overweight and obesity among 2-18 year-olds was 8.4% and 10.8% in 2008 and 8.5% and 9.0% in 2009, respectively, in KNHANES. The prevalence of obesity among 12-18 year-olds was 13.9% in 2008 and 11.4% in 2009 in KNHANES, while it was 8.1% in 2008 and 8.2% in 2009 in KYRBWS. Consumption patterns of high-energy/low-nutrient foods were diverse depending on the particular food type. High-energy/low-nutrient foods such as cookies were most often consumed more frequently (2~3 times per week), but fast food type foods were generally consumed less frequently (once per week or less). No significant relationships between highenergy/ low-nutrient food consumption and level of energy and nutrient intakes were found in either datasets. Adolescents who were not obese more frequently consumed ramen (p < 0.001), cookies (p < 0.001) and fast food (p < 0.001) than those who were obese in KYRBWS, however, such relationships were not found in KNHANES. This direction of the relationship could be probably attributed to the cross-sectional nature of the datasets. This study was limited by the cross-sectional nature of the data, therefore, further longitudinal research using various study techniques would be necessary to understand the effects of high-energy/low-nutrient foods on child obesity.