• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

The National Foundation Day of Korea (개천절, 開天節) is currently celebrated on October 3 in Gregorian calendar. We review the history of dating the National Foundation Day of Korea and make a suggestion that it be celebrated on October 3 in the lunar calendar. We present numerous historical records on heaven-worship rites supporting the date October 3 in the lunar calendar. It is pointed out that October 3 in the solar calendar has been adopted in 1949 by the National Assembly with the thought that the lunar calendar is inferior and behind the times. The thought originates from misunderstanding on the value of the lunar calendar and from the ignorance of importance of history and tradition. Since there are now many national holidays that follow the lunar calendar, the logic of the National Assembly in 1949 also makes no sense. We emphasize that the lunar calendar should be followed for the National Foundation Day of Korea for its historical and symbolic characteristics restoration. We also investigate the year of the foundation of the first country of Korea, Dangun Joseon. It is found that even though the majority of the literature before late 15th century recorded the beginning year of Dangun Joseon dynasty to be equal to that of Liao Dynasty (堯), it was accidentally changed to the 25th year of Liao Dynasty in 1484 through a misinterpretation of the previous records. We claim that the beginning year of Dangun Joseon should be set to that of Liao Dynasty as recorded in the original literature in the earlier days. According to the two main opinions accepted by Korea, the beginning year of Liao Dynasty was 2357 B.C. or 2333 B.C., which correspond to the year of Gap-Jin (the 41st year of the sexagenary cycle) or Mu-Jin (the 4th year of the sexagenary cycle), respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

This paper analyzes the relationship of international exchange of Medical School of Sin-an (新安醫學) at the time of Myung and Chung Dynasty, which is one of the most famous regional traditional medicine. The internal reason for the active exchange of Medical School of Sin-an (新安醫學) throughout the ocean was that its major theories were mostly based on Confucianism, which was also the major current in Korea and Japan at the time. This leaded to active interchange between Medical School of Sin-an (新安醫學) of China and Japan and Korea. Secondly, the proliferation of Medical School of Sin-an (新安醫學) was achieved with great help from developing printing operations at the time. Also, the active operation of practitioners of Medical School of Sin-an (新安醫學) such as the attempt to advance to foreign countries along with the 徽州商人 offered an opportunity to introduce Medical School of Sin-an (新安醫學). The international traits of Medical School of Sin-an (新安醫學) can be easily proved by numerous quotes of its classics in many significant classics of Korea and Japan. The influence of Medical School of Sin-an (新安醫學) to Korea started from the Chosun Dynasty; the Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine "東醫寶鑑" of Huh Jun and "麻科會通" of 丁若鏞 are the few examples of classics of Korea with quotes of Medical School of Sin-an (新安醫學). The influence of Medical School of Sin-an (新安醫學) on Japanese medicine can be found much before, since Nanbeichao Dynasty. However, the time when many books were imported was during Myung and Chung Dynasty. Also, some of the classics of Medical School of Sin-an (新安醫學) mentioned in "醫籍考" remain only in Japan and not in China; this shows the active exchange between the two countries.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.193-203
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• 2003

Magoja is a jacket for men and women. Magoja was worn between the jacket, jogori and the coat durumagi; that is over the jacket and under the coat. In the 19th century, Daewon-kun, who was wearing maqua, was in China and he came back to Korea. So, it was believed that the origin of magoja was from maqua from Qing. But, there were differences between magoja and maqua in their design. Therefore, I researched the origin of magoja and tried to know the design and the method of wearing magoja in the Chosun dynasty. The results are as follows. The design of magoja, especially its collar, was different from Chinese maqua. As analyzed above, it is difficult to regard the origin of magoja as deriving from Daewon-kun's maqua, which he wore when he went to Qing. Magoja-style jacket can be found from many old pictures. The collar of those jacket, whose style was waonsam-git unlike the present-day magoja, is consistent with the collar of sagyusam or baeja. And this kind of git style had existed for a long period of time as already studied in bangryungbangbi. Furthermore, the origin of this kind of jacket dated back to the maeksu of the Sung Dynasty; maek meaning Koguryo, maeksu was understood to indicate the style of the Koguryo jacket of short sleeves for the convenience of horseback riding. Maeksu, which varied in its kind and style, had been used as the equestrian clothes in China and was assumed to be particularly put on widely during the Yuan and Sung Dynasties. Maeksu continued to exist as daegeumeui during the Ming Dynasty but, later called magua, it was worn more widely ding the Qing Dynasty of the Manchus. This kind of maeksu or magua was the jacket which could be put on the coat and this style of wearing it during the Chosun Dynasty could be confirmed by the pictures. Therefore, magoja is not the jacket which was all of sudden derived from Qing's magua but one of traditional Korean clothes of the northern provinces which had existed for a long period of time. And magoja seemed to be put on more widely during the latter part of the Chosun Dynasty because of the influence of Qing's magua.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.65-72
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• 1999

This paper tried to find out the various symbolic meanings and functions of landscape elements which Capital City of Shilla Dynasty contains, and what is the symbolism and identity of the city. Basically, this research took the thought of the place and the theory of cognition on landscape as a research tool, and undertook the process of surveying the physical surroundings of the city such as mountains, forests, tumuluses, mountain fortress walls, etc. Especially, the study referenced to a myth, thought, and a tale related to them of the surroundings. The research scope in time had been reached to the year of BC 57 which is beginning year of Shilla Dynasty form AC 467 which is year of introduction of new urban block system delivered from Dang Dynasty of ancient China. The results of research showed symbolic meanings of mountains and forests which is surrounding the Shilla capital from 4 directions of east, west, south and north. Namely, it was the places that the king of the kingdom of Shilla decent into the earth from the heaven. Also, the tumuluses which are located on the center of the capital imitated the surrounding mountains in forms, meaned the place that the dead king rised to heaven. All of these symbolized the Capital City of Dynasty as a sacred city which linked the heaven to earth, and earth to heaven. Finally, this paper suggested the Kyongju which is one of the most representative historic and tourist city in Korea should reflect this kind of symbolic meaning of ancient Capital City of Shilla Dynasty in case of arranging the urban identity plan to promote the quality of urban environment of Kyongju.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.499-510
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• 2014

This study examined the food culture of the Koryo Dynasty during the early 13th century based on the records of wooden tablets and marine relics from the 1st and 2nd ships of Mado wrecked at sea off Taean while sailing for Gaegyeong containing various types of grain paid as taxes and tributes. The recipients of the cargo on the 1st ship of Mado were bureaucrats living in Gaegyeong during the period of the military regime of the Koryo Dynasty, and the place of embarkation was the inlet around Haenam (Juksan Prefecture) and Naju (Hoijin Prefecture) in Jolla-do. On wooden tablets were recorded 37 items of rice, cereal, and fermented foods. The measures used in the records were seok [石-20 du (斗)] for cereal, seok [15 du, 20 du] for fermented soybean paste, and pot (缸) and volume (斗) for salted fish. The places of embarkation on the 2nd ship of Mado were Jeongeup (Gobu Prefecture), Gochang (Jangsa Prefecture, Musong Prefecture), etc. On wooden tablets were recorded 29 items of rice, cereal, fermented foods, seasame oil, and honey. The volume measure for yeast guk (麴), the fermentative organism for rice wine, was nang [囊-geun (斤)], and the measure for sesame oil and honey, which were materials of oil-and-honey pastries and confections, was joon (樽-seong, 盛). Honey and sesame oil were luxury foods for the upper-class people of the Koryo Dynasty, and they were carried in high-quality inlaid celadon vases in Meibyung style. Food names and measures written on wooden tablets and actual artifacts found in the 1st and 2nd ships of Mado are valuable materials for research into agriculture, cereal, and fermented foods of the Koryo Dynasty in the early 13th century. Besides, relics such as grains and bones of fish and animals from the Koryo Dynasty are expected to provide crucial information usable in studies on food history of the Korean Peninsula.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 2008

The annals of Joseon Dynasty is the most valuable resource containing the record of Korean history and has been known as one of the UNESCO's Memory of the World Register. There was a period that the annals of Joseon Dynasty was used with beeswax to control pests. It is considered as the prior reason of damage on the annals of Joseon Dynasty. Therefore, in this study we analysed the spectrum of traditional paper inside and outside of Korea, beeswax and accelerated artificial aging paper to restore the waxed volume in the annals of Joseon Dynasty by using FT-IR. As a result of FT-IR analysis, spectrum did not showed its big difference in all paper used in this study. However, there was a different spectrum in paper which was made with not Broussonetia kazinoki, but Echinochloa crus-galli var. frumentacea and Dioscorea batatas. Among traditional papers in various countries, spectrum of Korean paper showed the most similarity from the annals of Joseon Dynasty. In comparison between accelerated artificial aging paper and waxed volume, we could identify the change of spectrum affected by the damage.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.235-242
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• 2014

Paleoparasitology is the application of conventional or molecular investigative techniques to archeological samples in order to reveal parasitic infection patterns among past populations. Although pioneering studies already have reported key paleoparasitological findings around the world, the same sorts of studies had not, until very recently, been conducted in sufficient numbers in Korea. Mummified remains of individuals dating to the Korean Joseon Dynasty actually have proved very meaningful to concerned researchers, owing particularly to their superb preservation status, which makes them ideal subjects for paleoparasitological studies. Over the past several years, our study series on Korean mummies has yielded very pertinent data on parasitic infection patterns prevailing among certain Joseon Dynasty populations. In this short review, we summarized the findings and achievements of our recent paleoparasitological examinations of Joseon mummies and discussed about the prospects for future research in this vein.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.33-41
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• 2009

The objective of this article is to analysis of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Fix-a-day Method (AMFDM) shown in the acupuncture documents of the Chosun-Korea dynasty. Through such inquisition, The development process of AMFDM could be found. cross-comparison analysis of the contents of three medical books, Chim-Gu-Tek-Il-Pien-Zip(CGTIPZ), Dong-Eui-Bo-Gam(DEBG) and Chim-Gu-Gyung-Hum-Bang (CGGHB) of the Chosun-Korea dynasty. The development process of AMFDM of the three books is different from each other, depending on the purpose of writing books. But The three books contain common parts. It could be divided into three types, Simple-AMFDM, Extensive-AMFDM and Spirit-Existence-AMFDM. The development process of AMFDM of the Chosun-Korea dynasty has three steps. First, Integration and specialization phase in CGTIPZ. CGTIPZ sum many kind of AMFDMs up, and compare them to be specialized area. Second, Setting theory phase in DEBG. DEBG theorize AMFDM made of Spirit-Existence-AMFDM. Third, Practical use phase in CGGHB. CGGHB invented practical reinforcement to replace complicated ones.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.708-711
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• 2008

Through the analysis and the caomparation of the furture patterns between the China Ming dynasty and the Korea joseon dynasty, we try to searches for the culturl value of the appreciation possibility to the concept design by the aesthetic and objective tools in this paper. For making cultural and economic mind. cultural product as well-mated as 21st century is how traditional pattern might design, but how fassionable design in modern is attracted. As making and providing those mind, it is observed what the strategy of program activation could be. it is to be desired that is provided the use of product as traditional pattern of today on the traditional pattern of today based on the mentioned above. Hence, it is looked to activation in the modern pattern for development of cultural product.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.45-51
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• 2009

Objectives : The objective of this article is to compare acupuncture treatment of stroke in the medical documents of the Chosun-Korea dynasty. Through such inquisition, the development process of acupuncture of stroke treatment could be found. Methods : We used Cross-comparison analysis of the contents of five medical books, HyangYakZipSungBang (HYZSB), UiRimChwarYo(URCY), DongEuiBoGam(DEBG), ChimGuGyungHumBang(CGGHB) and Saam-Acupuncture(SA) of the Chosun-Korea dynasty. Results & Conclusion : 1. Distinction between Stroke of Viscera and Stroke of Bowel was important. Firts two books divided stroke into three type. But last three books separated into Stroke of Viscera and Stroke of Bowel. 2. They emphasized Symptoms of Five Visceral Disease. They devised Symptoms of Five Visceral Disease for Stroke of Viscera treatment. This method appears very rarely in clinical medicine. 3. They used common important acupoint for treatment of stroke. Most of these acupoints exist at the limbs. 4. They chose acupoints on the opposite side against the symptom.