• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.53-59
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to verify the suitability of the current standards by predicting the density of the occupant load density for discount stores. An internal data survey as well as an actual survey using a People Counting System (PCS) were employed to ascertain the number of occupants and 95% confidence interval of nationwide discount stores. According to the results of the actual survey, the time and days on which the maximum number of occupants were reached was from 16:00 to 18:00 and Christmas Eve and the weekend before New Year's Day, respectively. From the results of the maximum number of occupants, a regression equation was derived from the relationship between the internal data and the amount of sales, and this equation was verified in a previous study. Thus, the internal data of 50 discount stores were analyzed using this process. As a result, the 95% confidence interval was determined to be $2.7{\sim}2.9m^2/pers.$ and the error level was not large compared to the domestic and foreign standards. Therefore, this study proposes that a conservative estimate of the standard occupant load density for discount stores is $2.7m^2/pers.$

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.431-444
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• 2017

This study was carried out to review the guidelines being used by law and national policy concerned on river environments management and suggest the applicability of newly developed river environment assessment system. In the current legal system, the national river environment management system is insufficient in securing an independent status in the legal institutional system which is separated to the Ministry of Land, Transport and Infrastructure and the Ministry of Environment. And the river environment assessment system of the national standard, which is a core matter, has not been established yet. In particular, there is a lack of integrated approach between the upper and lower plan or related plans on water resources, water quality, river environment and aquatic ecosystem management. In addition, the consistency and effectiveness as the process of planning and design according to the current status and comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the river environment were not secured either. To integrate national river environment management system and improve efficiency, I proposed the establishment of hierarchy and connection between national river plans, and the adoption and application of developed assessment system based on characteristics of river environment in Korea. Finally, I proposed the separated application with dividing the developed assessment system including the naturalness of river environment and suitability of water friendly activity into both assessment method for management plan of water resources of river basins & basic river plan respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2267-2277
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 7 minutes a day, 3 times a week, for 4 weeks of abdominal meridian massage with aroma oils (AMMAO) by Volunteers on the relief of constipation among hospitalized disability patients with brain lesions. One group pretest-posttest quasi experimental research design was used. Subjects were 38 hospitalized disability patients with brain lesions. Data were collected from May 9 to June 19, 2011. Frequencies, mean, standard deviation and Repeated Measures ANOVA with SPSS 19.0 were used to evaluate the effects of AMMAO. The results were as follows; 1. There were significant difference noted in the amount of defecation(F=3.56, p=.033) by time. 2. There were no significant difference was noted in the frequency of defecation, the frequency of suppository or enema application by time. Accordingly, it is concluded that AMMAO would be an effective nursing intervention in relief of constipation among hospitalized disability patients with brain lesions. Therefore it is recommended that AMMAO be used in clinical practice as an effective nursing intervention for hospitalized disability patients with brain lesions.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.183-191
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• 2015

Studies on the environment-friendly and permanent low energy saving measure are and will continue to be an eternal challenge. However, the demand is high for the technologies that can save energy significantly in everyday life that produce tangible benefits for the users by applying saving factors and that anyone can access easily when it comes the related procedure. Government policies related to the improvement of energy effect in the existing building structure are characterized by complex procedure. Moreover, cost required and reliability issue emerge when request is made to an expert. Accordingly, this study seeks to present energy improvement plan that can be utilized simply and conveniently at any place, any time by enabling customized design according to individual taste by enabling energy change amount and grade prediction when the users select only the part that they want to replace by using a simple program.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

Spiral reinforcement in a circular column plays an effective role in the ductile behavior of a column through position fixing and buckling restraining of the longitudinal reinforcement, and confining core-concrete. Each country has suggested the minimum volumetric ratio of spiral reinforcement in order to secure the ductility of concrete columns. The minimum volumetric ratio of spiral reinforcement suggested by ACI 318-14 and the national concrete structure design standard was developed based on the theory of Richard et al. (1928); furthermore it has been used until now. However, their theory cannot consider the effects of high strength concrete and high strength reinforcement, and arrangement condition of the spiral reinforcement. In this study, a modified minimum volumetric ratio equation is suggested, which is required to improve the ductility of reinforced concrete circular columns and to recover their stress. The modified minimum volumetric ratio equation suggested here considers the effect of the compressive strength of concrete, the yield strength of spiral reinforcement, the cross sectional area of columns, the pitch of spiral reinforcements and the diameter of spiral reinforcement. In this paper, the validity of the minimum volumetric ratios from ACI 318-14 and this study was investigated and compared based on the results of uniaxial compression experiment for specimens in which the material strength and the spiral reinforcements ratio were used as variables. In the end of the study, the modification method for the suggested equation was examined.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.408-421
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to verify differences in changes of physical self-concept between Taekwondo participation group and non Taekwondo participation group in order to meet the needs of the study the limitations of previous studies had to be considered. The participants were elementary students in S city selected by this researcher. 30 students were in the Taekwondo participation group and 40 students were in the non Taekwondo participation group decided by ACSM(15) exercise guide line standard, three times repetition measurements per 12 weeks were executed for $2{\times}3$ mixed design with repeated measure. For this statistic, SPSS 12.0 for windows was used for technical statistic, two-way ANOVA, paired t-test, and independent t-test. The results were as follows; First, there were differences of change pattern in physical self-concept generally between Taekwondo participation group and non Taekwondo participation group. Second, there was a difference between Taekwondo exercise group and non Taekwondo exercise group according to 1st and 2nd, 1st and 3rd measurement point partially. Third, there were differences between the Taekwondo exercise group and non Taekwondo exercise group on the 2nd and 3rd measurement. In conclusion, Taekwondo discipline tended to have a large effect increasing physical self-concept.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.13-19
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• 2013

In this study, the target ground was selected for the assessment of liquefaction, for which energy-based Arias intensity liquefaction assessment method was applied, The results of evaluation by simplified method using conventional in-situ test were compared. The result of the assessment of liquefaction revealed that the safety factor of the Arias Intensity using the actual records of the Hachinohe and Ofunato earthquake showed generally similar trends with the simplified method, However, the Arias Intensity factor of safety for the artificial earthquake created from the design response spectrum showed some difference from the factors of safety of the simplified method. The shear stress ratio and the occurrence strength of the Arias Intensity are differently calculated between stress and energy, but the resistance stress ratio of the simplified method and the resistance strength of the Arias Intensity use the empirical chart of the results of the standard penetration test for the actual liquefaction areas by the earthquake, which seems the reason for the similar results between Arias Intensity assessment and stress concept simplified method for Hachinohe and Ofunato earthquakes. Therefore, it was found that the energy-based Arias Intensity liquefaction assessment could represent the dynamic changes of the ground caused by seismic characteristics such as acceleration, magnitude, duration and amplitude.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.645-660
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• 1995

The loss of Residual Heat Removal System (RHRS) event during reduced inventory operation for the Korean Standard Nuclear Power Plants (KSNPPS) is simulated by RELAP5/MOD3 and RELAP5/MOD3.1 Tn cases are considered : Base case for an intact Reactor Coolant System (RCS) with no tent and a vent case for an open system. Comparative simulations of base case are peformed by RELAP5/MOD3 and RELAP5/MOD3. 1 computer codes. The results of too simulations are generally in good qualitative and quantitative agreement. However, since the results of RELAP5/MOD3 simulation reveals the deficiency of RELAP5/MOD3 wall heat model, the RELAP5/AOD3.1 computer code is used for the simulation of the vent case. The analysis result of base case show that two steam generators are insufficient to remove decay heat at one day after shutdown, where the RCS is closed. The RCS pressure increased continuously and reached the RCS temporary boundaries design pressure of 0.24 MPa around 4,000 seconds. In the vent case with a flow capacity equivalent to three times the capacity of Pressurizer Safety Valve (PSV), it is shown that the RCS Pressure does not reach 0.24 MPa and core uncovery does not occur until 10,000 seconds. The detailed discussions on the results of this study suggest the feasibility of RELAP5/AOD3.1 as an analysis tool for the simulation of the loss of RHRS event at reduced inventory operation. The results of this study also provide insight for the determination of proper vent capacity.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 2002.06a
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• pp.417-424
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• 2002

컴퓨터는 인간의 모든 꿈과 희망을 실현시켜 줄 수 있는 마법상자는 아니다. 정보화 시대라고 일컫는 현재, 정보의 가치를 더해주는 컴퓨터의 중요성은 날로 커지고 있는 반면 인간의 존엄성은 경시되고 있다. 많은 사람들은 요즘 사회가 커다란 도덕적 위기에 빠졌다고 걱정하지만 컴퓨터 사용과 관련된 윤리적 문제에 대해서는 심각하게 느끼지 못하고 있는 것 같다. 정보통신 기술의 발달에 따라 새로운 교육의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 기존의 전통적인 교육방식에서 사이버 윤리 교육은 교과서 중심의 단편적인 교육이었기 때문에 학습자의 흥미를 유발하지 못하였으며, 교육자와 학습자의 상호작용이 부족하여 사이버 윤리 교육의 효과가 미흡하였다. 정보통신 기술의 발달에 따라 새로운 교육의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 기존의 전통적인 교육방식에서 사이버 윤리 교육은 교과서 중심의 단편적인 교육이었기 때문에 학습자의 흥미를 유발하지 못하였으며, 교육자와 학습자의 상호작용이 부족하여 사이버 윤리 교육의 효과가 미흡하였다. 이런 관점에서 본 논문은 정보통신 시대가 수반하고 있는 사회적 영향력과 윤리적 이슈들에 대하여 좀더 교육적인 측면으로 접근해 윤리교육의 현황과 문제점, 그리고 체계적인 확산방안에 대해 살펴보았다. 본 논문에서는 사이버공간에서 윤리 교육을 받는 청소년들을 중심으로 그들에게 새로운 윤리교육의 한 형태인 사이버공간에서 관련된 문제들을 교육적인 측면으로 해결할 수 있는 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 그러나, 무엇보다 우리가 명심해야 할 것은 인간의 존엄성은 그 어떤 이유를 막론하고 존중되어야 한다는 사실이다. 검증되지 않은 스토리 보드에 의한 저작 단계로 바로 돌입하고 있는 것이 한국의 실정이라 하겠다. 따라서 본 프로젝트에 의해 개발 된 교수 설계 도구는 교육/학습 컨텐츠의 품질 보증을 위한 방법론인 교육 공학의 체제적 교수 설계 이론 Model (Instructional System Design Model), 특히 그 중에서도 이 분야의 사실상의 표준 이론(de facto standard)인 Dick & Carey 교수와 Gagne 교수의 인지주의 ISD Model을 기반으로 정교한 교수 설계와 코스 맵 설계를 가능하게 함으로써 학습 컨텐츠의 품질 보증 활동을 지원 할 수 있는 도구로 개발하였다. 특히 Linux 기반에서 PHP로 개발 함으로써 Platform에 구애받지 않은 사용 환경을 구현 하였으며 향후 많은 e-Learning Platform에 교수 설계 모듈로 장착 함으로써 기존의 e-Learning Platform들의 가치를 높일 수 있는 계기가 될 것으로 생각한다.실징후를 파악하는데 그치지 않고 부실의 원인을 파악하고 이에 대한 대응 전략을 수립하며 그 결과를 측정하는데 활용될 수도 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기업의 부도예측 정보 중 현금흐름정보를 통하여 '인터넷기업의 미래 현금흐름측정, 부도예측신호효과, 부실원인파악, 비즈니스 모델의 성격규정 등을 할 수 있는가'를 검증하려고 한다. 협력체계 확립, ${\circled}3$ 전문인력 확보 및 인력구성 조정, 그리고 ${\circled}4$ 방문보건사업의 강화 등이다., 대사(代謝)와 관계(

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.33-44
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• 2013

Although many studies have been performed for the structural details of orthotropic steel deck, most of them were focused on the trough rib of standard type, but not for orthotropic steel deck with longitudinal rib of open section used at beginning of the deck. In order to investigate the cause of fatigue crack for orthotropic steel deck bridge serviced 31 years with longitudinal rib of open section, in this study, the behavior characteristics of target structural details were analyzed based on measurement data under real traffic condition. Also the typical loading truck passing the target bridges was estimated with the structural analysis detailed, and the stresses and deformation patterns of target structural details were analyzed by performing the detailed structural analysis. Based upon the analysis, retrofitting methods of the fatigue crack were suggested and its validation was examined. From this study, it was clarified that fatigue crack of longitudinal rib with open section were affected with the stress increment by shear deformation in the rib and the occurrence of alternative stress due to moving vehicle. In addition, it was known that it is important to perform fatigue design reflected the local behavior of the structural details.