• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.487-500
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• 2021

Background: Although the erector spinae plane block has been used in various truncal surgical procedures, its clinical benefits in patients undergoing spinal surgery remain controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the clinical benefits of erector spinae plane block in patients undergoing spinal surgery. Methods: We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure for randomized controlled trials comparing the erector spinae plane block with a nonblocked control for spinal surgery. Results: Twelve studies encompassing 696 subjects were included in our systematic review and meta-analysis. We found that the erector spinae plane block decreased postoperative pain scores and opioid consumption in the postoperative and intraoperative periods. Moreover, it prolonged the time to the first rescue analgesic, reduced the number of patients who required rescue analgesia, and lowered the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. However, it did not exhibit efficacy in decreasing the incidence of urinary retention and itching or shortening the length of hospital stays, or the time to first ambulation. Conclusions: Erector spinae plane block improves analgesic efficacy among patients undergoing spinal surgery compared with nonblocked controls; however, there is insufficient evidence regarding the benefits of erector spinae plane block for rapid recovery.

• Clinical Pain
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.28-31
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• 2020

The incidence of heterotopic ossification (HO) was reported to be higher in combat-injured patients than in civilian trauma patients. HO is often considered a possible cause of residual limbs pain in amputee. Here, we report the case of a 21-year-old male, who underwent a traumatic right transfemoral and left transtibial amputation with two segments of painful HO around his left amputation site. We report the effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on size and pain associated with HO. After ESWT, the visual analog scale score decreased from 5~6 to 0~1 and the size of two masses decreased from 13.1 × 6.7 mm and 12.5 mm to 11.9 × 4.7 mm and 12.2 mm, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case that has reported on the treatment of HO using ESWT for a traumatic transtibial amputation patient. The case suggests that ESWT could serve as a complementary treatment for HO in traumatic amputation patient.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 2010

This study finds an interesting fact that five symptoms (smallpox, postpartum pain, eye disease, swollen symptom and parasite infection) mentioned in Ryu Ei-Tae Medicinal Tales and his prescriptions (steamed rice, loess, soybean sprouts, cinnabar, radish, sesame oil and pork) were dramatized on the basis of traditional Korean medicinal knowledge in the Joseon Dynasty. Based on the study of experience-based medicinal literatures popular in the Joseon period, it is confirmed that the prescriptions are actually effective. Also it is inferred that popular diseases at that time were abscess, difficult baby delivery, postpartum pain and parasite infection, which were regarded as almost incurable diseases to ordinary people. These stories also showed destitution of common people who could not afford to buy medicines at that time. As shown in the Ryu Ei-Tae Medicinal Fable, many people might try various ordinary materials around them such as soil or nose wax. One of the outcomes of this study is that the fact that the tales mentioned common materials easy to get in the surroundings such as steamed rice, sesame oil, soybean sprouts or radish could be interprets as care and consideration of medicinal doctors for ordinary people at that time.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand self confidence during delivery in laboring women and to identify the factors influencing self confidence for delivery. Method: The participants of the study were 166 women who were admitted to a delivery room at C hospital in Seoul from July 1 to October 31, 2002. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire, self confidence scale, anxiety scale, knowledge of childbirth scale and graphic rating scale. The data was analyzed by the SPSS PC+ program. For the analysis of collected data, frequency analysis, Pearson's correlation, multiple linear regression analysis and stepwise selection method was used. Result: Self confidence during delivery had negative correlation coefficients with anxiety, and positive correlation coefficients with endurance of pain, husband support during pregnancy, age and parity. Anxiety was the highest factor influencing self confidence for delivery(40.0%). Endurance of pain, husband support during pregnancy and age accounted for 49.0% of self confidence in laboring women. Conclusion: The factors influencing self confidence during delivery were anxiety, endurance to pain, husband support during pregnancy and age. Further studies need to be done to identify interventions for overcoming on anxiety, promoting endurance of pain, and increasing husband support during pregnancy.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.1491-1501
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• 2017

In this paper, we propose a method to measure respiration rate by dividing the respiration related region in depth image using level set method. In the conventional method, the respiration related region was separated using the pre-defined region designated by the user. We separate the respiration related region using level set method combining shape prior knowledge. Median filter and clipping are performed as a preprocessing method for noise reduction in the depth image. As a feasibility test, respiration activity was recorded using depth camera in various environments with arm movements or body movements during breathing. Respiration activity was also measured simultaneously using a chest belt to verify the accuracy of calculated respiration rate. Experimental results show that our proposed method shows good performance for respiration rate estimation in various situation compared with the conventional method.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.75-80
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• 2018

Nutcracker syndrome is a phenomenon that the left renal vein (LRV) is pressed between the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and the aorta. Clinical characteristics include gross or microscopic hematuria, orthostatic proteinuria, abdominal pain, and back pain. It occurs due to LRV squeezing caused by narrowed aortomesenteric angle. SMA syndrome is a disease that the third part of the duodenum is prone to intestinal obstruction by narrowed angle between the SMA and the abdominal aorta. Clinical symptoms include postprandial abdominal distension, epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting. SMA syndrome and nutcracker syndrome have common features that result from narrowed aortomesenteric angle. However, it is very rare for both syndromes to occur simultaneously, so the two syndromes are regarded as separate diseases. This is a report on a case of nutcracker syndrome with SMA syndrome in a child who presented gross hematuria, recurrent abdominal pain and vomiting. To our knowledge, nutcracker syndrome simultaneous with SMA syndrome has not been previously reported in pediatric patient, especially with an exhibition of gross hematuria. This case suggests that the simultaneous presence of SMA syndrome with the same pathogenesis needs to be considered when nutcracker syndrome is suspected in pediatric patients with hematuria.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.215-219
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• 2013

The descending control system is composed of a group of structures in the midbrain, medulla oblongata and pons that form a network of descending inhibitory projections. In the clinical setting, it has been shown that the application of a electrical counterirritant to these structures and diminishes the pain in patients. Thus, depression and anxiety have been shown to predict the development of chronic neuropathic pain state. These factors could influence pain might also involve descending controls. Interestingly, reduced descending controls are seen in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and theses patients had greater anxiety, depression compared to controls. And, the influence of anxiety on the chronicity of pain and on the descending control pathways should be tested in animal models, using modern techniques. Given this Knowledge, it is no wonder that pain is a highly personal experience that is susceptible to a variety of biologic, pharmacologic, and environmental influences.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.133-138
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• 2014

Background: The precise knowledge of anatomy and the region of transverse process (TP) and superior articular processes (AP) and their distance from the skin are important in blocking and treating lumbar facet syndrome. Evaluation of these anatomic distances from 3rd and 5th lumbar vertebrae in both sides and in different body mass index (BMI) in healthy volunteers might improve knowledge of ultrasound (US) lumbar medial branch nerve blocks (LMBB). Methods: Bilateral US in the 3rd and 5th lumbar vertebrae of 64 volunteers carried out and the distance between skin to TP and skin to AP was measured. These distances were compared on both sides and in different BMI groups. The analysis was done using SPSS 11. Analysis of variance was used to compare the means at three vertebral levels (L3-L5) and different BMI groups. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The paired t-test was used to compare the mean distance between skin to TP and skin to AP on both sides. Results: The distance between skin to TP and skin to AP of 3rd vertebrae to 5th vertebrae was increased in both right and left sides (P < 0.001) from up to down. The mean distance from skin to TP were greater on the left side compared to the right in all three vertebral levels from L3 to L5 (P values 0.014, 0.024, and 0.006 respectively). The mean distance from skin to TP and the skin to AP was statistically significant in different BMI groups (P < 0.001). Conclusions: We found many anatomic distances which may increase awareness of US guided LMBB.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.19-32
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• 2023

Objectives The purpose of this study is to systematically review the degree of pain and function improvement in acupuncture treatment for patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched from Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, WanFang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Citation Information by NII (CiNII), Koreanstudies Information Service System (KISS), ScienceON, KoreaMed, and Korean Medical Database (KMbase). The methodological quality of selected RCTs' were evaluated according to Cochrane RoB2 tool. Results Total of 158 studies were identified and 7 RCTs were selected for systematic review. Frequently used evaluation method were visual analogue scale and Kujala scores. All studies showed significant effect on pain reduction and knee function between before and after treatment, but showed partial significance between the intervention and control group. Conclusions Research showed that acupuncture treatment is an effective treatment for improving the pain and function of PFPS, but it is difficult to conclude that it has a significant effect compared to other treatments. Selected studies included subjective evaluation indicators and the total of selected studies were small, so the interpretation of the results is limited. Also most of the included studies are evaluated to have some concerns of bias. Therefore, subsequent research should continously be done in more objective and systematic method.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.29-35
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• 2022

Objectives The purpose of this systematic review is to analyse randomized controlled trials about acupuncture for patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) and evaluate it's pain improvement effect. Methods Studies will be searched from ten databases (Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI], WanFang Data, Citation Information by NII [CiNII], ScienceON, Koreanstudies Information Service System [KISS], KMBASE, and KoreaMed). Participants will be patients diagnosed with PFPS, regardless of cause, gender, age or race, and interventions will be acupuncture, electroacupuncture, dry needling, fire needle, and acupotomy. Other treatments than interventions will be the control group and the main outcome will be reviewed by visual analogue scale (VAS). Results Data will be extracted and assessed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis flow chart and Cochrane risk of bias tools. Meta-analysis will be conducted using random effect model within 95% confidence interval. Conclusions We expect this systematic review to provide useful data about the pain improvements of patellofemoral pain using acupuncture and expect to stimulate and systematize acupuncture treatment on PFPS in the future.