• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3917-3941
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• 2019

The recent interest in artificial intelligence and machine learning has partly contributed to an interest in the use of such approaches for hyperspectral remote sensing (HRS) imagery classification, as evidenced by the increasing number of deep framework with deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) structures proposed in the literature. In these approaches, the assumption of obtaining high quality deep features by using CNN is not always easy and efficient because of the complex data distribution and the limited sample size. In this paper, conventional handcrafted learning-based multi features based on expert knowledge are introduced as the input of a special designed CNN to improve the pixel description and classification performance of HRS imagery. The introduction of these handcrafted features can reduce the complexity of the original HRS data and reduce the sample requirements by eliminating redundant information and improving the starting point of deep feature training. It also provides some concise and effective features that are not readily available from direct training with CNN. Evaluations using three public HRS datasets demonstrate the utility of our proposed method in HRS classification.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.333-338
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• 2022

Planning activity is complex process assuming the term "complexity" as a group of elements interconnected each other. The common knowledge about city planning underlines its main aim as: figuring the present, imaging the future, governing every day the territory and the way people use and live it at different scales. When considering the strength of technological opportunities and the spreading of ICT and IoT devices within everyday life, that mean within the life of cities, the complex nature of the urban system increases with the intensification of information and their connections. Recent orientations about urban and regional planning try to carry the discipline to a more flexible approach in respect to the hyperdeterminant role of direct technical applications. This passage is a fundamental aspect considering the faster and faster modifications of social and economic assets at the global and local scale. At the same time, the "environment question" became more and more relevant at the worldwide scale within the 2015 UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Another relevant aspect about the recent urban planning orientations regards the role of the different subjects that are part of the planning process. Approaching the government of smart cities means to define how every subject, with different roles (public or private), could enrich the knowledge of the functioning of the "urban machine" and the awareness of participation of people and city users in the quality of urban life. In the paper author starts defining recent approaches in urban planning, then the nature of the city as a complex system is analyzed from the point of view of planners and of the different subjects that act in the city. Then the smart city is introduced as a further level of complexity and finally author propose the basic element of a Planning Support System.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.435-440
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• 2023

Few studies have examined the basilar venous plexus (BVP) and to our knowledge, no previous study has described its histology. The present anatomical study was performed to better elucidate these structures. In ten cadavers, the BVP was dissected. The anatomical and histological evaluation of the intraluminal trabeculae within this sinus were evaluated. Once all gross measurements were made, the clivus and overlying BVP were harvested and submitted for histological analysis. A BVP was identified in all specimens and in each of these, intraluminal trabeculae were identified. The mean number of trabeculae per plexus was five. These were most concentrated in the upper half of the clivus and were more often centrally located. These septations traveled in a posterior to anterior direction and usually, from inferiorly to superiorly however some were noted to travel horizontally. In a few specimens the trabeculae had wider bases, especially on the posterior attachment to the meningeal layer of dura mater. More commonly, the trabeculae ended in a denticulate form at their two terminal ends. The trabeculae were on average were 0.85 mm in length. The mean width of the trabeculae was 0.35 mm. These septations were consistent with the cords of Willis as are found in the lumen of some of the other intradural venous sinuses. An understanding of the internal anatomy of the BVP can aid in our understanding of venous pathology. Furthermore, this knowledge will benefit patients undergoing interventional treatments that involve the BVP.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.3769-3776
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• 2016

Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women worldwide. High breast cancer mortality has been attributed to lack of public awareness of the disease. Little is known about the level of knowledge of breast cancer in Central African Republic. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge of health professionals on breast cancer. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 158 health professionals (27 medical; 131 paramedical) in 17 hospitals in Bangui using a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistical analysis, Person's ${\chi}^2$ test and ANOVA were applied to examine associations between variables with p < 0.05 being considered significant. Results: Data analyzed using SPSS version 20 indicates that average knowledge about breast cancer perception of the entire population was 47.6%, diagnosis method 45.5%, treatment 34.3% and risk factors 23.8%. Most respondents (65.8%) agreed that breast cancer is important in Central African Republic and that family history is a risk factor (44.3%). Clinical assessments and mammography were considered most suitable diagnostic methods, and surgery as the best treatment. The knowledge level was significantly higher among medical than paramedical staff with regard to risk factors, diagnosis and treatment. However the trainee group had very high significant differences of knowledge compared with all other groups. Conclusions: There is a very urgent need to update the various training programs for these professionals, with recommendations of retraining. Health authorities must create suitable structures for the overall management of cancer observed as a serious public health problem.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.376-384
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• 2018

Selection of suitable ice class for ships operation is an important but not simple task. The increased exploitation of the Polar waters, both seasonal periods and geographical areas, as well as the introduction of new international design standards such as Polar Code, reduces the relevancy of using existing experience as basis for the selection, and new methods and knowledge have to be developed. This paper will analyse what can be the limiting ice thickness for ships navigating in the Russian Arctic and designed according to the Finnish-Swedish ice class rules. The permanent deformations of ice-strengthened shell structures for various ice classes is determined using MT Uikku as the typical size of a vessel navigating in ice. The ice load in various conditions is determined using the ARCDEV data from the winter 1998 as the basic database. By comparing the measured load in various ice conditions with the serviceability limit state of the structures, the limiting ice thickness for various ice classes is determined. The database for maximum loads includes 3-weeks ice load measurements during April 1998 on the Kara Sea mainly by icebreaker assistance. Gumbel 1 distribution is fitted on the measured 20 min maximum values and the data is divided into various classes using ship speed, ice thickness and ice concentration as the main parameters. Results encouragingly show that present designs are safer than assumed in the Polar Code suggesting that assisted operation in Arctic conditions is feasible in rougher conditions than indicated in the Polar Code.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2014

One of the main challenges of the automatic arc welding process which has been widely used in various constructions such as steel structures, bridges, autos, motorcycles, construction machinery, ships, offshore structures, pressure vessels, and pipelines is to create specific welding knowledge and techniques with high quality and productivity of the production-based industry. Commercially available automated arc welding systems use simple control techniques that focus on linear system models with a small subset of the larger set of welding parameters, thereby limiting the number of applications that can be automated. However, the correlations of welding parameters and bead geometry as welding quality have mostly been linked by a trial and error method to adjust the welding parameters. In addition, the systematic correlation between these parameters have not been identified yet. To solve such problems, a new or modified models to determine the welding parameters for tandem GMA (Gas Metal Arc) welding process is required. In this study, A new predictive model called STACO model, has been proposed. Based on the experimental results, STACO model was developed with the help of a standard statistical package program, MINITAB software and MATLAB software. Cross-comparative analysis has been applied to verify the reliability of the developed model.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.197-206
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• 2014

이 연구에서는 중등 교육과정의 실험을 수행하는 과정에서 예비과학교사의 논증구조를 분석함으로써 예비과학교사의 탐구 능력과 탐구에 대한 인식을 조사하고자 한다. 사범대학교 4학년에 재학 중인 예비과학교사 9명을 대상으로 하였으며, 중학교 1학년 과학교과서의 상태변화에 관한 실험을 수행하였다. 예비교사들의 실험 보고서는 Toulmin의 논증구조를 분석틀로 분석되었다. 또한 설문지를 통해 과학과 실험에 대한 인식조사를 하였으며, 반구조화된 면담을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 예비교사들의 논증에는 과학지식의 결핍, 탐구 능력 미흡, 오차에 대한 신념, 추가 근거자료가 영향을 미쳤다. 이러한 연구결과를 통해 예비교사들의 실험 탐구능력 수준은 미흡하며, 예비교사 교육과정을 재구성하여 교사교육 프로그램을 통해 탐구 실험을 경험할 수 있는 기회를 제공할 필요가 있다고 주장하였다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.75-96
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• 2008

A better understanding of tornado-induced wind loads is needed to improve the design of typical structures to resist these winds. An accurate understanding of the loads requires knowledge of near-ground tornado winds, but observations in this region are lacking. The first goal of this study was to verify how well a CFD model, when driven by far field radar observations and laboratory measurements, could capture the flow characteristics of both full scale and laboratory-simulated tornadoes. A second goal was to use the model to examine the sensitivity of the simulations to various parameters that might affect the laboratory simulator tornado. An understanding of near-ground winds in tornadoes will require coordinated efforts in both computational and physical simulation. The sensitivity of computational simulations of a tornado to geometric parameters and surface roughness within a domain based on the Iowa State University laboratory tornado simulator was investigated. In this study, CFD simulations of the flow field in a model domain that represents a laboratory tornado simulator were conducted using Doppler radar and laboratory velocity measurements as boundary conditions. The tornado was found to be sensitive to a variety of geometric parameters used in the numerical model. Increased surface roughness was found to reduce the tangential speed in the vortex near the ground and enlarge the core radius of the vortex. The core radius was a function of the swirl ratio while the peak tangential flow was a function of the magnitude of the total inflow velocity. The CFD simulations showed that it is possible to numerically simulate the surface winds of a tornado and control certain parameters of the laboratory simulator to influence the tornado characteristics of interest to engineers and match those of the field.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1396-1401
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• 2000

Although direct surgical treatment of the lesion in the pons may cause severe neurologic morbidity, safe route to minimize injuries of the important structures in the pons should be considered. The authors operated four cases of intrapontine lesions via safe approach route without causing severe neurologic complications. Two cases were intrapontine tumors and other two were intrapontine hematoma. An anaplastic astrocytoma($3{\times}3{\times}3cm$) located bilaterally in the pons was approached via midline of the median sulcus, and a metastatic tumor($1.5{\times}1.5{\times}1.5cm$) located at the left posterolateral aspect in the upper pons was approached via suprafacial space. Two cases of hematoma were evacuated via median sulcus, and supra- and infrafacial spaces. Preoperatively, quadriplegia, swallowing difficulty, diplopia, speech disturbance, and nystagmus were noted in a patient with an anaplastic astrocytoma. A patient with metastatic tumor showed mild right hemiparesis, right hemisensory disturbance, diplopia, and dizziness. Two patients with hematoma in the pons were comatous, and had contracted, fixed pupils. Postoperatively, a patient with an anaplastic astrocytoma recovered and a patient with a metastatic tumor showed temporary hemifacial palsy. Mental status was fully recovered normal even though facial palsy, diplopia, severe ataxia, dizziness, and tremor persisted in both patients with pontine hematoma. Careful operation based on the anatomical knowledge of the floor of the 4th ventricle is of prime importance in appraoching to the intrapontine lesion with minimal injuries of the eloquent structures during surgery.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.53-64
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• 2018

Nondestructive testing methods are required to assess the condition of civil structures and formulate their maintenance programs. Axial force identification is required for several structural members of truss bridges, pipe racks, and space roof trusses. An accurate evaluation of in situ axial forces supports the safety assessment of the entire truss. A considerable redistribution of internal forces may indicate structural damage. In this paper, a novel compressive force identification method for prismatic members implemented using static deflections is applied to steel beams. The procedure uses the Euler-Bernoulli beam model and estimates the compressive load by using the measured displacement along the beam's length. Knowledge of flexural rigidity of the member under investigation is required. In this study, the deflected shape of a compressed steel beam is subjected to an additional vertical load that was short-term measured in several laboratory tests by using fiber Bragg grating-differential settlement measurement (FBG-DSM) sensors at specific cross sections along the beam's length. The accuracy of midspan deflections offered by the FBG-DSM sensors provided excellent force estimations. Compressive load detection accuracy can be improved if substantial second-order effects are induced in the tests. In conclusion, the proposed method can be successfully applied to steel beams with low slenderness under real conditions.