• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.15-22
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• 2023

Purpose: Business education is in high demand whereas knowledge is critical for an individual's professional development in general, and for teachers in particular. In this research, the effect of the distributions of teachers' business knowledge on schools' achievement were investigated. Research design, data and methodology: This study employs a quantitative method to investigate the level of business knowledge distributions of teachers on schools' achievement. 155 business studies subject teachers were categorised into 66 respective schools to measure the correlation and regression between teachers' business knowledge distribution and schools' achievement. Results: The results of the study show that there is a significant relationship between school achievement from the aspect of teachers' business knowledge distributions, with the score of, r = 0.345, p < 0.05. The value of R² shows a moderate relationship between the teachers' knowledge distributions on school achievement but still plays a role in determining the measurement of the school's level of achievement. Conclusions: It is concluded that the relationship between teacher's business knowledge and school achievement in the subject of Business Studies is significant. This study proves that the teacher's knowledge about business is very important in guaranteeing the success of students who took this subject.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.400-405
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to develop a composite platform for knowledge extractions, visualizations, and inference. Generally, the big data sets were frequently used in the healthcare and medical area. To help the knowledge managers/users working in the field, this study is focused on knowledge management (KM) based on Data Mining (DM), Knowledge Distribution Map (KDM), Decision Tree (DT), RDBMS, and SQL-inference. The proposed mechanism is composed of five key processes. Firstly, in Knowledge Parsing, it extracts logical rules from a big data set by using DM technology. Then it transforms the rules into RDB tables. Secondly, through Knowledge Maintenance, it refines and manages the knowledge to be ready for the computing of knowledge distributions. Thirdly, in Knowledge Distribution process, we can see the knowledge distributions by using the DT mechanism.Fourthly, in Knowledge Hierarchy, the platform shows the hierarchy of the knowledge. Finally, in Inference, it deduce the conclusions by using the given facts and data.This approach presents the advantages of diversity in knowledge representations and inference to improve the quality of computer-based medical diagnosis.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.85-102
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• 2013

Prior concrete strength distributions can be updated by using direct information from test results as well as by taking into account indirect information due to conformity control. Due to the filtering effect of conformity control, the distribution of the material property in the accepted inspected lots will have lower fraction defectives in comparison to the distribution of the entire production (before or without inspection). A methodology is presented to quantify this influence in a Bayesian framework based on prior knowledge with respect to the hyperparameters of concrete strength distributions. An algorithm is presented in order to update prior distributions through numerical integration, taking into account the operating characteristic of the applied conformity criteria, calculated based on Monte Carlo simulations. Different examples are given to derive suitable hyperparameters for incoming strength distributions of concrete offered for conformity assessment, using updated available prior information, maximum-likelihood estimators or a bootstrap procedure. Furthermore, the updating procedure based on direct as well as indirect information obtained by conformity assessment is illustrated and used to quantify the filtering effect of conformity criteria on concrete strength distributions in case of a specific set of conformity criteria.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.14-23
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to develope nutritional teaching materials and programs for childcare major students by determining interrelations between nutritional knowledge, dietary habits and dietary self-efficacy. Out of 400 questionnaires distributed to the students majoring in childcare in Daegu, 354 were analyzed by SPSS WIN 12.0 program. The results were summarized as follows. Childcare major students' distributions of nutritional knowledge, dietary habits and dietary self-efficacy were approximately all middle levels. Nutritional knowledge scores were influenced by age and self-assessment of health. Childcare major students' dietary habits were influenced by age, the degree of satisfaction of diet, and the degree of interest in diet. Dietary self-efficacy of childcare major students was influenced by gender, satisfaction of diet, whether or not they were on a diet, recognition of the need for nutritional knowledge, and the degree of interest in diet. Nutritional knowledge and dietary habits were positively correlated with dietary self-efficacy of childcare major students. In short, childcare major students with higher nutritional knowledge scores had higher dietary self-efficacy. Further, childcare major students who had a regular diet and balanced dietary habits had stronger dietary self-efficacy.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.9
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• pp.3225-3234
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• 2022

Alloy 690 tubing has been shown to be highly resistant to primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC). Nevertheless, predicting the failure by PWSCC in Alloy 690 SG tubes is indispensable. In this work, a Bayesian-based statistical approach is proposed to predict the occurrence of failure by PWSCC in Alloy 690 SG tubing. The prior distributions of the model parameters are developed based on the prior knowledge or information regarding the parameters. Since Alloy 690 is a replacement for Alloy 600, the parameter distributions of Alloy 600 tubing are used to gain prior information about the parameters of Alloy 690 tubing. In addition to estimating the model parameters, analysis of tubing reliability is also performed. Since no PWSCC has been observed in Alloy 690 tubing, only right-censored free-failure life of the tubing are available. Apparently the inference is sensitive to the choice of prior distribution when only right-censored data exist. Thus, one must be careful in choosing the prior distributions for the model parameters. It is found that the use of non-informative prior distribution yields unsatisfactory results, and strongly informative prior distribution will greatly influence the inference, especially when it is considerably optimistic relative to the observed data.

• Transactions of the Society of Information Storage Systems
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.132-136
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• 2005

It is widely accepted that the reading mechanism of Super-RENS(super-resolution near field structure) and Super-ROM(super-resolution read only memory) is closely related with non-linear temperature dependent material properties such as refractive indices, phase change. Furthermore, the dynamic change of the temperature distribution also an essential part of reading mechanism of Super-RENS/ROM. Therefore, the knowledge of the temperature distribution as a function a time is one of the important keys to reveal the physics of reading mechanism in Super-RENS/ROM. We calculated time-dependent temperature distribution in a 3-dimensional Super-ROM disk structure when moving laser beam is irradiated. With a help of commercial software FEMLAB which employed finite element method, we simulated the temperature distribution of ROM structure whose pit diameter is 120-nm with 50-nm depth. Energy absorption by moving laser irradiation, time variations of heat transfer processes, heat fluxes, heat transfer ratios, and temperature distributions of the complicate 3-dimensional ROM structure have been obtained.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.371-377
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• 2008

In order to obtain fundamental knowledge of atomization, the three dimensional unsteady phenomenon of pinch off was numerically studied by developed method. Not only liquid shapes but also velocity distributions of numerical results were compared with corresponding experimental ones. They showed satisfactorily good agreement at least in a qualitative sense. The liquid jet shapes, the pressure and velocity distributions, and the inner flow structures were clarified through the comparisons of distinctly different flow fields due to presence or absence of surface tension. The condition of pinch off, which had close correlation with fluid acceleration at injection, was clearly specified.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.66-73
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• 2017

This study attempted to design lights with Type II distribution suitable for LED street lights based on the regulations of street light distribution developed by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA). The shape of an asymmetric lens, different from that of a rotationally symmetric lens, cannot be generated using a simple mathematical formula. In the first trial, the outline of the lens was fixed and simulated to confirm the distribution type. Following ISENA regulations, some problems that occurred during simulations and repeating was be modified that process is how we detected errors. Through optical research and simulations, a lens conforming to the regulations of Type II very short, Type II short, and Type II medium distributions was developed. A prototype was developed using simulation data and it was subjected to distribution tests. The results show that it can compare with property of Type II distribution.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.3-17
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• 1970

Diterpenoids contain only 20 carbon atoms, and the plants that have been examined for diterpenoids are less numerous. However, a greater variety of the possible cyclization and oxidation patterns has been observed in the diterpenoids. Thus the list of known structures is large. The diterpenoids have often been found in two antipodal forms. Our present state of knowledge does not allow us to draw any conclusions from the distributions of these configurations.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.459-475
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• 1998

In many clinical trials, we are interested in comparing the failure time distribution of different treatment groups. Because of ethical and economic reasons, clinical trials need to be monitored for early dramatic benefits or potential harmful effects. Prior knowledge, evolving knowledge, statistical considerations, medical judgment and ethical principles are all involved in the decision to terminate a trial early, and thus the monitoring is usually carried out by an independent scientific committee. This paper reviews the recently proposed group sequential testing procedures for clinical trials with survival data. Design considerations of such clinical trials are also discussed. This paper compares the characteristics of each of these methods and provides the biostatisticians with the guidelines for choosing the appropriate group sequential methods in a given situation.