• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of study is to expose a more uniform dose depending on the relationship between a body mass index in patients who underwent radiation therapy and an acquired dosimetric information by using a thermoluminescent dosimeter. Materials and Methods: Since 2006 to August 2011 we investigated 28 people who underwent radiation therapy were enrolled in AMC. Each patient was measured on the head, neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, thigh, knee joint, and ankle joint using the thermoluminescent dosimeter. The measurement value of each points compared with the prescribed center point, abdominal point, and dose measurements of points on which to base the abdomen and the patient's body mass index (BMI) were compared with reference point, abdomen dose. Results: 28 patients on prescribed dose in the abdomen by which the center point, an average dose was $100.6{\pm}5.5%$, and the other seven measuring points with the average maximum difference among the head, neck, chest, pelvic, thigh, knee, and ankle were $92.8{\pm}4.2%$, $97.6{\pm}6.2%$, $96.4{\pm}5.5%$, $102.6{\pm}5.3%$, $103.4{\pm}7.9%$, $95.8{\pm}5.9%$, $96.1{\pm}5.5%$. The relationship of abdominal point dose and the patient's body mass index (BMI) was analyzed a scatter plot, and the result of linear relationship analysis by regression method, the regression of the dose (y) was -1.009 BMI (x) plus 123.3 and coefficient of determination ($R^2$) was represented 0.697. Conclusion: The total body irradiation treatment process was evaluated the dose deviation and then the prescribed dose by which the average abdominal dose was satisfied with $100.6{\pm}5.5%$. Results of the relationship analysis between BMI and dose, if we apply the correction value for each patients, it can be achieved more uniform dose delivery.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.196-200
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• 2003

Purpose : To evaluate clinical outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in middle-aged patients and determine the factors affecting the outcome. Subjects and Methods : Clinical results obtained from 60 cases (60 patients) older than 40 years of age at the time of surgery and 58 cases (58 patients) younger than 40 years of age who underwent ACL reconstruction between August 1988 to January 2002, return to sports activity, and stress radiographs using Telos instrument were compared. Results : The Lysholm knee score was improved from the preoperative score of 54.0 points to the postoperative score of 92.9 in patients older than 40 years of age and was improved from 56.2 points to 92.2 points in patients younger than 40 years of age. Clinical outcome was excellent in 51 cases $(85\%)$ and good in 9 cases $(15\%)$ in patients olde. than 40 years of age and was excellent in 47 cases $(81.0\%)$ and good in 11 cases $(19.0\%)$ in patients younger than 40 years of age. There was a significant difference in the rate of returning to preoperative sports activity between patients older than 40 years of age ($60\%$, 36 cases) and younger than 40 years ($82.8\%$, 48 cases). According to Telos stress radiography, the preoperative difference of 11.2 mm was decreased to the postoperative difference of 3.1 mm in patients older than 40 years of age and the preoperative difference of 10.7 mm was decreased to the postoperative difference of 2.9 mm in patients younger than 40 years of age. Clinical outcome did not show significant correlation with age, gender, surgery method, the presence of additional injury, and the rate of return to sports activity before receiving injury (p>0.05). Conclusion : Age didn't have a significant influence on the final outcome of ACL reconstruction and good results could be obtained with ACL reconstruction even in middle-aged patients.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.105-116
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• 1998

Purpose In this study, We observed the recovery process in the ability to move in the hind limbs of the rats whose spinal cord injuries were treated by Radix acouniti(RA). The purpose of this study is to see the effects of Radix acouniti(RA) water extract on the contraction of rat's spinal cord injury. Procedure First, the rats were subjected to hemisectional spinal cord injuries by a scalpel blade. Those rats, then, were divided into three groups: Sham operated rats group and the experimental group, which received the Radix acouniti(RA) water extract, and the control group, which had no treatment. Their recovery in the ability to walk was observed by the Open Field Test (OFT) for 14 days after the injuries. Method The OFT was applied at four points: the hip, knee, ankle joint, and the tail. Each joint was given a movement rating of from 0 to 3, depending on the amount of movement. A movement rating of 0 designates no movement, a 1 designates slight movement, a 2 designates increased movement, and a 3 designates active movement. Slight movement is defined as a joint displaying less than or equal to 30% of that joint range, increased movement is displaying less than or equal to 60% of that joint's range, and active movement is greater than or equal to 90% of that joint's range. Tail movement is also graded on a scale of 0 to 3. A rating of 0 indicates that the tail is down 100% of the time, one of 1 indicates that the tail is down more than 10%, one of 2 shows that the tail is down less than 50% but more than 10% of the time, and one of 3 shows that the tail is down less than 10% of the time. All four ratings were added together and then averaged to arrive at a single score. Results The sham group which did not go through spinal cord injuries showed near normal results on all 3 joints and tail from right after the operation, which one would expect. The RA oral application group showed more effective recovery of movememt function than the control group around 4 days after the spinal cord injuries. However, after 14 days, both groups displayed almost the same degree of movement recovery. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. After 14days the spinal cord injuries, movement was recovered in sham operated group, control group, and experimented group in the hip, the knee, the tail and then the ankle of rats, in that order. 2. Around 7 days after the spinal cord injuries, the experimental group proved the effectiveness of the therapy in terms of movement recovery. 3. The level of ALT, ALP, AST in RA treated group was slightly increased. 4. The level of BUN and creatinine in RA treated group was slightly increased. The above results indicate that RA therapy at an early stage can bring about better movement recovery in patients with spinal cord injuries from traffic accidents or industrial disasters. But there is apparent side effect of RA on clinical, therefore the study on this should be continued.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.169-183
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• 2003

According to our recent investigation that the increase in the occlusal vertical dimension made the appendage muscle strength got higher, the occlusal appliances were made by increasing the occlusal vertical dimension "from the centric relation" position of the mandible. In this experiment, the authors tried to study the change in the appendage muscle strength due to increase in occlusal vertical dimension from intercuspal position(ICP) of mandible with the same subjects and manner as the former experiment. For this study, ten male athletes in a mean age of 23 year who were joined the former study were selected. All the subjects had a complete or almost complete set of natural teeth and reported no subjective symptoms of temporomandibular disorders. Upper and lower casts were mounted on the semi-adjustable articulator at the intercuspal position and a point was marked on the attached gingival area between the right canine and the right 1st. premolar in each upper and lower cast. From the points, the occlusal vertical dimension was increased by 2mm, 3.5mm and 5mm, and then each 10 maxillary type occlusal splint at each 3-increased position were fabricated with heat curing clear acrylic resin. Including the intercuspal position, the 3 kinds of occlusal splints were placed on the subjects individually, and then isokinetic muscle strength on 7 parts of the human appendage which are shoulder, knee, ankle, wrist, forearm, elbow and hip was measured with the CYBEX 6000 SYSTEM (Lumex, NewYork, USA). The results were as follows: The highest mean value in muscular strength was shown at the position of 2mm-increased vertical dimension. The muscle strength during internal/external rotation of shoulder and knee, plantarflexion of ankle, flexion of elbow, and flexion and extension of hip at the increased occlusal vertical dimension position were significantly higher than them at the intercuspal position (p<0.05). Only in view of the increase in the appendage muscle strength, regardless of the way of making the occlusal splints by elevating the occlusal vertical dimension from the centric relation position or intercuspal position, the occlusal splints had an effect on the increase of isokinetic muscle strength at the occlusal vertical dimension which increased within the proper range on the habitual arc of closure.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.1306-1312
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• 2018

Objectives: This study presented the case of a 49-year-old Korean female with phantom limb pain after below right knee amputation and aimed to assess the effectiveness of Korean medicine treatment. Methods: The patient was treated with scalp acupuncture, electroacupuncture and herbal medicine. We executed a numerical rating scale (NRS), conducted a global assessment (G/A), administrated a Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire 2 (SF-MPQ-2) and measured total daily sleep time to evaluate symptom improvement. Results: The patient's G/A scores decreased from 10 to 2 and SF-MPQ-2 points decreased from 20 to 6 after treatment. The total daily sleep time did not changed due to anxiety. Conclusions: This study suggests that Korean medicine treatment could be effective in treating phantom limb pain after amputation. Further studies are needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.121-131
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• 2023

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of ice and hot packs on proprioception, balance, and muscle strength in knee extensor muscle fatigue. METHODS: A total of 31 male and female students in their twenties from a university in A, Chungnam, Korea, were selected as participants. Three experiments were conducted to assess static balance, dynamic balance, proprioception, and muscle strength before and after induction of muscle fatigue, and following intervention. RESULTS: In the case of stability typical (ST), a significant difference was observed in pillow with eye open (PO) when a Hot pack was applied (p < .05). The weight distribution index (WDI), showed significant differences in normal eye open (NO) and Normal eye closed (NC) tests when ice packs and hot packs were applied (p < .05). In the dynamic balance assessment using Y-balance, significant differences were observed in all values except for pre- and post-intervention in the medial and lateral directions (p < .05). The recovery of proprioceptive sensation showed a significant difference when ice packs were applied (p < .05). In muscle strength, significant differences were observed in all comparisons between measurement time points (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Rest was most effective for static balance, and cold and warm compresses were most effective in recovering dynamic balance. For proprioception, cold compresses were most effective. Muscle strength had a positive effect on recovery in all three intervention methods. These results show that cold and warm compresses can be useful in the recovery of various functions related to muscle fatigue.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.160-168
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• 2003

Purpose : To analyze the anterior stability and functional results after the arthroscopic ACL reconstruction and meniscectomy based on meniscus status at the time of surgery. Materials and Methods : From October 1997 to October 2002, 78 patients (male 64 female 14) were treated by arthroscopic ACL reconstruction and meniscectomy and followed more than 12 months (range, $12\~72$ months, average: 32 months). Average age was 32 years old (range, $18\~57$ years old). We divided the patients into 4 groups; Both menisci was intact (BMI, control group), lateral meniscus removed (LMR), medial meniscus removed (MMR) and both menisci removed (BMR). Anterior passive displacement (objective stability) was estimated using KT-2000 arthrometer under the loading of 15lb,20lb and 30lb and evaluated anterior drawer test, Lachman test, range of motion, thigh circumference. Functional evaluation system of IKDC, OAK and Lysholm knee score was used. Results : Average anterior displacement under the loading of 30lb were 2.47 mm, 2.96 mm, 2.96 mm and 3.57 mm in each group(BMI, LMR, MMR, BMR) and it was statistically significant difference (p<0.05). There is no statistically significant difference in average anterior displacement under the loading of 15lb and 20lb in each group but it has showed decreasing tendency in meniscal removed groups. The mean anterior displacement was within 3 mm in 21 cases, 15 cases, 24 cases and 12 cases (total 72 cases, $94\%$) under the loading of 15lb and 20 cases, 15 cases, 24 cases and 11 cases (total 70 cases, $91\%$) under the loading 20lb of in each group and postoperative knee joint stability has showed increasing tendency (p>0.05). The mean score was 94.5, 93.2, 92.2 and 90.4 points in each group and 71 cases $(91\%)$ were more than excellent or good with a OAK score and fair results were noted 4 cases in both meniscal removed group. There were 65 cases $(83\%)$ with a Lysholm knee score more than excellent or good, and IKDC grading were more than normal or nearly normal in 74 cases $(95\%)$ except 4 cases (2 cases in MMR group and 2 cases in BMR group). Conclusion : Long-term anterior stability and functional results of a successful ACL reconstruction affected by tile status of the menisci at the time of surgery and KT-2000 arthrometer was good for estimation of objective follow up.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.75-75
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• 2003

Purpose: To investigate whether or not acupuncture of GB34 produces a significant response of the modulation of somatomotor areas by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study. Methods: The acupoint, GB34, located in the back of the knee, is known to be effective in recovering motor function after stroke. Using 3T MRI scanner, functional MR imaging of the whole brain was performed in 12 normal healthy subjects during two stimulation paradigms; acupuncture manipulation on GB 34 and sham points. This study investigates the activation of the motor cortex elicited by a soft and an intensified stimulation of GB 34. Three different paradigms were carried out to detect any possible modulation of the Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) response in the somatomortor area to motor stimulation through acupuncture. Results: Group analysis from seven individuals showed that bilateral sensorimotor areas (BA 3,4,6 and 7) showed stimulation related BOLD signal contrast of approximately 6% whereas very few areas were activated when sham stimulation is given. Conclusions: The present study shows that acupuncture fMRI study can be safely conducted in 3T MRI environment, and acupuncture stimulation in GB34 modulates the cortical activities of the soma- to motor area in human. The present findings may shed light on the CNS mechanism of motor function by acupuncture and form a basis for future investigations of motor modulation circuits in the stroke patients. Acknowledgement: This study was supported by a grant of the Mid and Long Term Nuclear RID Plan Program, Ministry of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.133-149
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• 2003

The purposes of present study were to determine the major check-points of golf swing from the review of previous studies, and to suggest additional information on the teaching theory of golf. The golf swing motion of 6 male and female elite university golf players were filmed with 16mm Locam II high speed cameras at the speed of 200f/s, and variables such as time, displacement, angle, velocity were calculated and analyzed by 3D Cinematography using DLT method. The results were: 1. Differences were shown in the ratio of weight distribution on the feet, cocking angle, take-back velocity, club-head velocity at impact depending upon the physical characteristics and club used for swing. 2. Time for the down-swing and impact were $0.27{\sim}0.29s$ in men and $0.29{\sim}0.32s$ in women, which was 1/3 of the time for the back-swing. Women showed longer total swing time than men because of longer time in back-swing, follow-through and finish. 3. Men showed larger range of motion in shoulder and knee joints than women, on the other hand women showed larger range of motion in hip joint than men. 4. Cocking motion and right elbow flexion were occurred at the top of back-swing and cocking release was occurred at the moment of impact. Maximum rotations of shoulder and hip joints were found between the top of back-swing and down-swing phase. 5. Women showed lower back-swing velocity than men, and men showed higher club velocity(men: $38.2{\sim}38.6m/s$, women: $35.1{\sim}36.4m/s$) than women.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to review laser acupuncture studies to find possibility for applying high intensity laser to acupuncture and moxibustion treatment. Methods : Searching papers was performed using search engines of five electronic databases, including Pubmed, Thomson ISI, EMBASE, Sciencedirect, and EBSCO, from inception to May 2011 without language limitation. Inclusion criteria were clinical studies with human, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), case-control studies, and case reports. Selecting papers was performed with titles and abstracts in first step, scrutinize full text in second step, and then the extrated data was analyzed by two authors independently. The methodological quality for RCTs was evaluated using Jadad's scale. Results : Total 8 papers, (3 RCTs, 5 controlld studies, and 1 case reports), were finally selected. The study dealt with surgical laser, argon and $CO_2$ laser was one for each, with GaAs laser was two, and with new semiconductor laser, GaN, were four. The output range was from 110 mW to 15 W. The study diseases were alcohol addiction, knee osteoarthritis, bronchopneumonia and asthma for children, and circulation. All studies reported positive effect. The methodological quality in all RCTs was low because of below 3 points and all studies had few subject numbers. Conclusions : We suggest that high intensity laser can be applied to acupuncture and moxibustion. Further rigorous and well-designed study will be needed for various disease. The oriental medical society needs to take active measures to study and clinical application of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment with high intensity laser.