• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.275-286
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• 2004

Objective : This study is designed to find out the effects of Cervus elaphus Herbal acupuncture on osteoarthritis in knee joint. Methods : We investigated 15 cases of patients with osteoarthritis in knee joint that arevisited in hospital of Dong-Shin Korean Traditional Medicine. We evaluated knee joint function that before and after its treatment by Lyshoim score and satisfaction of treatment by Baumgaertner nine point sacle and VAS score. Results : The sex distinction with a disease caused much more female than male at the ratio of 1 to 2.75 in the proportion of male to female. Jobs is mainly ranked with a sitting position jobs and a housewife. Approximately 73.3% of cases before our hospital have ever treated at the other clinics or hospitals. According to Lyshoim score, before treatment is 54.87 and after is 63.29, that showd stisfacally meaningful increase. According to VAS score, before treatment is 10 and after is 44.6. In evaluating of satisfaction, good are 73.2% according to Baumgaertner nine point sacle. Conclusion : According to the results, Cervus elaphus Herbal acupuncture may be effects on the increase of knee joints function and the decrease of pain on osteoarthritis in knee joint.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.75-89
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• 2009

Objectives: Warm needling combines simultaneously the effects of acupuncture and moxibustion. This study was to investigate whether warm needling could relieve acute knee arthritis induced by carrageenan in rats. Methods: To illuminate the underlying mechanisms of the warm needling-induced antinociception, weight bearing force (WBF) was observed on the acute knee arthritic rat model. Under general anesthesia, ST36, SP9, Hakjung extra point, LI4 were punctured and stimulated with 30 mg moxa ball combustion on top of the needle (${\emptyset}0.18{\times}8mm$). Results: In behavioral test, rats subsequently showed a reduced stepping force of the affected limb 3 hours after the induction of arthritis. Warm needling on the contralateral or ipsilateral ST36 failed to show antinociceptive effect on the acute knee arthritis. Warm needling on the contralateral SP9 or LI4 increased WBF values to normal level in the acute stage of the arthritis. Warm needling on the Hakjung extra-point resulted in the significant antinociceptive effects through acute stage. These effects of warm needling were suppressed by opioids receptor antagonist naltrexone (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and alpha adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine (5 mg/kg, i.p.). Conclusion: The data suggest that warm needling-induced antinociception is differently mediated by acupoints and accomplished by activating the descending inhibitory systems including endogenous opioids and $\alpha$-adrenoceptors.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.157-166
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• 2007

This study was to compare the major kinematic factors between the success and failure group on performing the back somersault motion in floor exercise. Three gymnasts(height : $167.3{\pm}2.88cm$, age : $22.0{\pm}1.0years$, body weight : $64.4{\pm}2.3kg$) were participated in this study. The kinematic data was recorded at 60Hz with four digital video camera. Two successful motions and failure motions for each subject were selected for three dimensional analysis. 1. Success Trail It was appear that success trail was larger than failure group in projection velocity, but success trail was smaller than failure trail in projection angle. Also it was appear that success trail was longer than failure group in the time required. Hand segment velocity and maximum velocity in success trail were larger than those in failure trail, and this result was increasing the projection velocity and finally increasing the vertical height of center of mass. At the take-off(event 2), flection amount of hip and knee joint angle was contributed to the optimal condition for the take-off and at the peak point, hip and knee joint angle was maximum flexed for reducing the moment of inertia. Also in this point, upper extremities of success trail extended more than those of failure trail. in this base, success trail in upward phase(p3) 2. Failure Trail It was appear that failure trail was smaller than success trail in projection velocity, but failure trail was larger than success trail in projection angle. Also it was appear that failure trail was more short than success trail in the time required. Hand segment velocity and maximum velocity in failure trail were smaller than those in success trail, and this result was reducing the projection velocity and finally reducing the vertical high of center of mass. At the take-off(event 2), flection amount of hip and knee joint angle wasn't contributed to the optimal condition for the take-off and at the peak point, hip and knee joint angle wasn't maximum flexed for reducing the moment of inertia. Also in this point, upper extremities of failure trail didn't extended more than those of success trail.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical results of the function and stability of ACL reconstruction using the flexible reamer. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 98 patients who taken ACL reconstruction using the flexible reamer from March, 1999 to May, 2004. And the follow-up period was more than 12 months in all cases. We used the subjective tests including Lysholm knee score and 2000 International Knee Documentation Committee(IKDC) subjective knee score, and the objective tests such as anterior drawer test, Lachman test, pivot shift test, and KT-2000 arthrometer to evaluate the clinical results. Results: In the range of motion of the affected knee, the extension deficit more than 5 degree was 8 cases preoperatively and 1 case postoperatively. The flexion deficit more than 5 degree was 12 cases preoperatively and 2 cases postoperatively. The mean Lysholm knee score was 61.3 point(${\pm}3.5$ SD) preoperatively and 87.7 point(${\pm}2.0$ SD) postoperatively. The mean 2000 International Knee Documentation Committee(IKDC) subjective knee score was 49 point(${\pm}3.3$ SD) preoperatively and 84 point (${\pm}2.2$ SD) postoperatively. 93 cases were more than grade II in Lachman test preoperatively and 5 cases postoperatively. 71 cases were more than grade II in pivot shift test preoperatively but 89 cases were negative postoperatively. The mean maximal manual difference by KT-2000 arthrometer was 6.8 mm(${\pm}1.9$ SD) preoperatively and 1.8 mm(${\pm}0.8$ SD) postoperatively. Conclusion: ACL reconstruction using the flexible reamer achieved the ideal isometric point of femur and anatomic graft placement, so we could obtain good results, especially in rotational stability.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.9-16
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to ascertain the effect of Micro-current on a pain, balance, of knee joint in the patients with degenerative arthritis. Method: The 30 subjects who had micro-current in this research and randomly assigned into two group, an experiment group and a control group. micro-current was applied to 15 subject in the experiment group after general physical therapy. experiment group was applies general therapies and micro-current stimulation. The measurement were analyzed by using SPSS(V.20). In order to compare the post to the amount of pre-changes and post-changes of each group, the paired t-test was used. The difference between the experiment group and the control group was analyzed by using the analysis of convariance. Results: The results of this study were as follows; 1) In VAS measures, the pain point was significantly decreased in both the experimental and the control group. 2) Mc Gill Pain Questionnaire(MPQ), the pain point was significantly decreased in both the experimental and the control group. 3) TUG measures, the second was significantly decreased in both the experimental and the control group. 4) Weight distribution measures, the authority was significantly decreased in both the experimental and the control group. Conclusion: The micro-current is considered a degenerative knee arthritis that can be presented as an effective physical therapy intervention.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.73-81
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• 2003

Objective : The study was performed to evaluate the effect of treatment for Osteoarthritis of knee joint by using Bee Venom Acupuncture that is well known for anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect. Methods: We investigated 50 cases of patient with Osteoarthritis of knee joint from 1st July 2001 to 31st December 2002, 50 cases of patient with Osteoarthritis in knee joint treated at the department of acupuncture & moxibustion of Kyung-Won University Oriental Hospital were randomly selected for two group. One group was treated by Bee Venom Acupuncture therapy, the other group was treated by Filiform Acupuncture therapy. We studied nine-point scale and improvement degree of the grade of clinical symptoms. Results: 1. In the results of treatment, 88% were above "Good" of Bee Venom Acupuncture and 68% in Filiform Acupuncture . 2. In the nine-point scale. Bee Venom Acupuncture was more effective than Filiform Acupuncture. 3. In the improvement degree of the grade of clinical symptoms. Bee Venom Acupuncture was more effective than Filiform Acupuncture. Conclusions: In the treatment of Osteoarthritis of knee joint. Bee Venom Acupuncture can be regarded as more effective treatment than Filiform Acupuncture in the clinical practice. This is expected to be available for clinical use.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in ultrasound imaging of the lower limbs in patients with degenerative osteoarthritis who received a total knee replacement (TKR). Methods : The participants for the study were ten patients who were to receive a total knee replacement. Measurements were taken a total of three times: before receiving a total knee replacement, and one week and two weeks after receiving a total knee replacement. The vastus medialis, rectus femoris muscle, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscle were measured using ultrasound imaging. Results : Muscle thickness of the vastus medialis, rectus femoris muscle, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscle had no significant interaction over time whether surgery was performed or not. White area index (WAI) and density of vastus medialis, rectus femoris muscle, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscle had no significant interaction over time whether surgery was performed or not. Conclusion : In conclusion, lower quality muscles were due to a decrease in muscle fiber and an increase in fat fiber. Therefore, initial physical therapy after total knee replacement should consider this point and be designed appropriately as a therapeutic approach for total knee replacement patients.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.11-21
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• 1999

Human balance is maintained through a complex process involving sensory detection of body motions, integration of sensorimotor information within the central nervous system, and execution of appropriate musculoskeletal responses. The basic task of balance is to position the body center of gravity (COG) over some portion of the support base. When the COG extends beyond the base of support, the person has exceeded the limits of stability (LOS). At this point, a step or stumble is required to prevent a fall. Automatic postural responses operate to keep the COG over the base of support. They are a set of functionally organized, long-loop responses that act to keep the body in a state of equilibrium. There are four commonly identified automatic postural responses, or strategies. These are ankle strategy, hip strategy, suspensory (knee) strategy, and stepping strategy. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the LOS using various knee strategies. Forty subjects participated in this study. The subjects were comprised of 20 males and 20 females who were without neurologic, orthopaedic or balance performance impairments. The LOS was measured with a Balance Performance Monitor (BPM) Dataprint Software Version 5.3. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Knee joint angle which is to increase stability of standing balance with using knee strategy was at mid-range. 2) There were statistically significant differences in anteroposterior LOSs according to the knee strategy. 3) There were no statistically significant differences in mediolateral LOSs according to the knee strategy. 4) There were statistically significant differences of anteroposterior LOSs with using knee strategy according to gender. 5) There were no statistically significant differences in mediolateral LOSs with using knee strategy according to gender.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.97-108
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• 2010

Background : The location of acupoints on rat, which may differ from that of human body due to anatomical structure, is defined variously among researchers, which may cause the problem of low repeatability and objectivity. Design : The measurement of hind limb consist of measuring the distance between knee joint and tibia tubercle in order to set the knee joint as common criteria. Based on it, the three mostly referred location of ST36 were represented with the knee joint as a datum point and compared. The electroacupuncture stimulation was administrated after the abdominal pain was induced by acetic acid. And the analgesic activity of each ST36 acupoint was evaluated by measuring the number of writhing reflex, in order to observe the differences of treatment effect in accordance with the location of ST36 acupoints. Results : The result of measurement confirmed the differences in the acupoint location of ST36 among researchers. The writhing reflex test using the acetic acid-induced abdominal pain stimulated with electroacupuncture of 100Hz showed that there were statistically significant differences in the analgesic effect between control group and three ST36 groups (P<0.05). However there were no differences observed among three mostly referred location of ST36 acupoints (P>0.05). Conclusions : We recommend "the point located 6.5 mm below the knee joint at the anterior tibial muscle" as a standard ST36 acupoint location qualified by the WHO Standard Acupuncture Point Locations in 2008.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.37-43
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• 2021

Background: The purpose of this study is to compare and analysis the changes in strength and endurance of the knee extensor muscles after Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Methods: Twelve male subjects with ligament injury were seated on Biodex and the hip joint was flexed at 110°, and torso, lower extremities, and legs were fixed using Velcro. The resistance device was placed at a point 3cm above the ankle, and measurements were taken before and a surgery at 60°/sec and 180°/sec when the knee was maximally extended. The postures ingeniously combine forward-bending poses countered with backward-bending ones. Results: There was no significant difference in the comparison of muscle strength of 60°/sec and 180°/sec before surgery. But there was a significant difference after surgery. There was significant difference in muscle endurance both before and after surgery. There was a significant difference in the pre- and post- operative comparison values of muscle strength and endurance in isokinetic movements at 60°/sec and 180°/sec during knee extension on the injured side. Conclusion: For cruciate ligament tears, Orthopedic reconstruction is recommended. Correct alignment of the knee ligament after surgery can enhance the strength and endurance of the quadriceps femoris during knee extension rejuvenated.