• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.47-61
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• 1991

Textural analysis of gravels of raised beach (old beach) in the Weaver Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica has been carried out as a first part study among 20 other sites surveyed in the Weaver Peninsula and Barton Peninsula, King George Island. The raised beach described as WP-5 in this paper is 3.95 m higher than the present beach in elevation. And it is described as old beach. The beach shows typical subenvironment, that is, beach berm and beach face. Mean size, mean roundness and mean sphericity of gravels from beach berm are -4.10ø, 0.44 and 0.66 respectively. However, mean size, mean roundness and mean sphericity from beach face are -4.23ø, 0.41 and 0.67 respectively. In particular, it seems to be worthy to note the differences of textural parameters between Antarctic glacio-marine beach gravels and temperate and normal marine beach gravels. Under such conception the present study wishes to show only textural parameters, i.e., size, roundness, sphericity and shape obtained from the analysis of Antarctic glacio-marine beach gravels.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.183-192
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• 1994

Spatial distribution patterns of Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba in the Atlantic Ocean sector were seasonally divided into three or four regions; South George Island, Laurie/Coronation Islands and Livingston/King George Islands. Antarctic krill were caught from the surface to about 150 m in depth. The vertical distribution of catch per hour (CPUE) did not show much differences between the 10 m layers, but there were gradually poorer CPUEs as trawl depth increased. It was estimated from relationship between water temperature and CPUE that the Antarctic krill abundance was maximal at water temperatures of $0.8{\sim}1.0^{\circ}C$. The length compositions of Antarctic krill showed that female fish were, on an average, significantly larger than males. Relationship between carapace length and body length, and body length-body weight relationship were well fitted. Sex ratio was $60.3\%$ for male and $39.7\%$ for female with significant difference at the $5\%$ level.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.87-101
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• 2004

This paper delineated the ecology including movement (departure from the rookery and returning to the rookery), egg-laying, and hatch of the penguins occurred in the cold years and a less cold year in the vicinity of King Sejong Station, King George Island off the Antarctic Peninsula. The years of 1988, 1991, 1992, and 1995 were selected as cold years and the year of 2001 was selected as a less cold year based on the mean annual temperature of the years. Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis papua) left their rookery in May, meanwhile some remained around the station. They returned in middle-September in the less cold .year, and returned in late-September to early-October in the cold years. Chinstrap Penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) left their rookery in early-April in the cold years as well as in the less cold year without exception. They returned to the rookery in late-October to early-November in cold years, meanwhile in early-October in the less cold year. This difference in the returning of this bird seems to be related with the exposed sea water, i.e., sea ice condition to feed in the sea. The global warming will lead to the appearance of birds which breed in the Sub-Antarctic. For example, one pair of King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) was observed in the Maxwell Bay in austral summer. And a pair of snide-like bird was recently observed for the first time in November 2001 at the penguin rookery located in the Barton Peninsula, King George Island. And it will also lead to the disappearance of an Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) which appeared in the full winter when Maxwell Bay and Marian Cove were frozen. It seems that the behaviour of the penguins observed around the station shows the complex effects of the ecology of the birds in combination with the natural environments, which include feeding strategy and areas, animal Instincts, exposed terrain related to weather conditions, and globa1 warming. It is necessary to take further observation and carry out systematic researches on the birds including penguins around the station which show the ecology of the birds as well as the environmental changes.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.164-165
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• 2009

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.127-127
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• 2009

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.77-78
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• 2011

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1016-1023
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• 2008

Lichens are predominant and important components of flora in the terrestrial ecosystem of Antarctica. However, relatively few researches on the phylogenetic position of Antarctic lichen-forming fungi have been accomplished. In this study, partial sequences of nuclear large subunit rDNAs from 50 Antarctic specimens were obtained and the phylogeny was reconstructed. Antarctic lichen species were distributed in 4 orders, including the monophyletic order Agyrales, paraphyletic orders Pertusariales and Teloschistales, and polyphyletic order Lecanorales. Species diversity was highest in the order Lecanorales, followed by Teloschistales and Pertusariales. Based on the phylogeny and sequence similarity analyses, it is proposed that the taxonomy of Stereocaulon alpinum, Physcia caesia, Usnea aurantiacoatra, and Cladonia species should be revised by careful examination of their phenotypic and molecular characteristics. Six species known to be endemic to Antarctica, Catillaria corymbosa, Himantormia lugubris, Leptogium puberulum, Pertusaria pertusa, Rhizoplaca aspidophora, and Umbilicaria antarctica, formed unique lineages, implying independent origins in the Antarctic area.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.258-264
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• 2008

Deschampsia antarctica is the only monocot that thrives in the tough conditions of the Antarctic region. It is an invaluable resource for the identification of genes associated with tolerance to various environmental pressures. In order to identify genes that are differentially regulated between greenhouse-grown and Antarctic field-grown plants, we initiated a detailed gene expression analysis. Antarctic plants were collected and greenhouse plants served as controls. Two different cDNA libraries were constructed with these plants. A total of 2,112 cDNA clones was sequenced and grouped into 1,199 unigene clusters consisting of 243 consensus and 956 singleton sequences. Using similarity searches against several public databases, we constructed a functional classification of the ESTs into categories such as genes related to responses to stimuli, as well as photosynthesis and metabolism. Real-time PCR analysis of various stress responsive genes revealed different patterns of regulation in the different environments, suggesting that these genes are involved in responses to specific environmental factors.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.388-390
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• 2016

Pedobacter sp. PAMC 27299 with humic acid cultivated on low temperature was isolated from the moss debris on the coast of the Barton Peninsula of King George Island of the maritime Antarctic region. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of Pedobacter sp. PAMC 27299, which contains 6,147,290 bp with a G+C content of 40.54%. PAMC 27299 may possess cold-adapted humic acid degradation enzymes with implication on global warming.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.84-96
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• 2012

Some gorgonians in the families, Primnoidae and Isididae within the suborder Calcaxonia were collected from subtidal zones between depths of 10 and 45 m in the coastal regions of King Sejong Station ($62^{\circ}13'S$, $058^{\circ}47'W$), Korea Polar Research Institute of Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute (KORDI) by SCUBA diving from 2009 to 2011. Three species in the Primnoidae, $Arntzia$ $gracilis$ (Molander, 1929), $Thouarella$ ($Thouarella$) $antarctica$ (Valenciennes, 1846) and $Onogorgia$ $nodosa$ (Molander, 1929), and also one species in the family Isididae, $Tenuisis$ $microspiculata$ (Molander, 1929) are newly recorded to octocorallian fauna in Marian Cove and Potter Cove of King George Island. These four species have been described in detail.