• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.165-179
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to improve the stroke patient's gait ability by applying a closed or kinetic chain lower limb exercise Methods : The study subjects were 48 hospitalized hemiplegic patients who agreed to participate in the study. 48 subjects went through the intervention: 24 in the experimental group and 24 in the control group. One set consisted of 10 repeats of the exercise. The subjects performed three sets of the exercise once a day, 5 times a week, for 6 weeks. Results : TUG and FGA were significantly improved in the experimental group. The spatio-temporal gait variables in the experimental group all showed significant improvement. In the control group, velocity, cadence, and double limb support showed significant improvement, Trunk sway angle showed significant improvement in all three axes in both groups. Conclusion : The results of this study indicate that a more positive effect in terms of improvement of the stroke patient's gait ability will be seen for closed rather than open kinetic chain lower limb resistance exercise.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.25-32
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• 2019

The purpose of the study is to survey the needs of the elderly for ICT-based Elderly Home Remodeling by Applying Kinetic Principle. This is conducted for elderly people over 60 years old living in Seoul and Gangreung district. The study is performed by the following approaches: First, This study is based on 'the Elements of Planning for ICT-based elderly Home Remodeling by applying Kinetic Principle'(Lee 2018). Second, the needs survey for house remodeling was conducted for elderly. Finally, To analyze the required characteristics of the elderly for remodeling by using SPSS statistics 25 analysis program. The conclusion of this study is as follows. Priority elements for house remodeling should be provided to ensure the safety of the elderly through emergency call buttons, glucometer, pressure-measuring gauge, weighing instruments, and warning devices. Kinetic principles should be applied to make minimal structural changes, as easy as possible remodeling, and devices should be designed to be easy to operate.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.11-19
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• 2017

Background: Methods for exercising serratus anterior (SA) and upper trapezius (UT) muscles are important for the recovery of patients with various shoulder disorders, yet the efficacy of closed or open kinetic chain exercises have not yet been evaluated. Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare the activation of the SA and UT muscles during scapular protraction considering both closed and open kinetic chain exercises. Methods: Thirty subjects were randomly divided into experimental groups (closed kinetic chain exercise) and control groups (open kinetic chain exercise) in which scapular protraction was performed at $90^{\circ}$ or $125^{\circ}$ shoulder flexion. Electromyographic activity data were collected from the SA and UT muscles per position and exercise method. Results: Separate mixed 2-way analysis of variance showed significant differences in the activation of the SA (F1,28=6.447, p=.017) and the UT (F1,28=35.450, p=.001) muscles between the groups at $90^{\circ}$ and $125^{\circ}$ shoulder flexion. Also, the SA/UT ratio measures at $90^{\circ}$ and $125^{\circ}$ shoulder flexion significantly differed between the groups (F1,28=15.457, p=.001). That is, the closed chain exercise was more effective than open chain exercise for strengthening the SA muscle and controlling the UT muscle, $125^{\circ}$ of shoulder joint was more effective than $90^{\circ}$. Conclusion: The findings suggest that scapular protraction with shoulder $125^{\circ}$ flexion at the closed kinetic chain exercise may be more effective in increasing SA muscle activation and decreasing UT muscle activation as well as increasing the SA/UT ratio than open kinetic chain exercise.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relevance of the prediction equations derived from the relationship between metabolic energy expenditure and kinetic energy, for different speeds of walking and running over the treadmill. Seven male subjects participated in this study. A tri-axial accelerometer was attached on between the left and right posterior superior iliac spines. Kinetic energy was calculated by the integration of acceleration data and compared with the metabolic energy measured by a gas analyzer. Correlation coefficients were determined to find a relationship between the kinetic energy and the metabolic energy expenditure. Also, the difference between measured and predicted values was used to find the relevance for individual and group equations. Results showed a relatively good correlation between the measured metabolic energy and the calculated kinetic energy. In addition, a dramatic increase in kinetic energy was observed at the transition speed of walking and running (6 km/h). There was no difference in how to predict the kinetic energy expenditure for individual and group even though people have different physical characteristics. This study would be useful to predict metabolic energy expenditures by the regression analysis with acceleration data.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 1987

Prediction performances by Einstein's equation of diffusivity, Peskin's model, Three-Equation model, Four-Equation model and Algebraic Stress Model, have been compared by analyzing twophase (air-solid) turbulent jet flow. Turbulent kinetic energy equation of dispersed phase was solved to investigate effects of turbulent kinetic energy on turbulent diffusivity. Turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate of particles has been considered by solving turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate equation of dispesed phase and applying it to turbulent diffusivity of dispersed phase. Results show that turbulent diffusivity of dispersed phase can be expressed by turbulent kinetic energy ratio between phases and prediction of turbulent kinetic energy was improved by considering turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate of dispersed phase for modelling turbulent diffusivity. This investigation also show that Algebraic Stress Model is the most promising method in analyzing gas-solid two phaes turbulent flow.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.37-44
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• 2007

Mechanical and thermomechanical properties of the bulk metallic glass (BMG) are so unique that the deformation behavior is largely dependent on the temperature and the strain rate. Impacting behavior of NiTiZrSiSn bulk metallic glass powder during kinetic spraying was investigated in this study. Considering the impact behavior of the BMG, the kinetic spraying system was modified and attached the powder preheating system to make the transition from the inhomogeneous deformation to the homogeneous deformation of impacting BMG particle easy BMG splat formation is considered from the viewpoint of the adiabatic shear instability. It is suggested that the impact behavior of bulk metallic glass particle is determined by the competition between fracture and deformation. The bonding of the impacting NiTiZrSiSn bulk amorphous particle was primarily caused by the temperature-dependent deformation and fracture (local liquid formation) behavior.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.49-55
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of open kinetic chain exercise on the motor function of the lower limb in middle school soccer players. Method: The subjects consisted of 14 soccer players who attend middle school in Gwangju. All subjects received open kinetic chain exercise for 3 weeks. The muscle strength of the ankle was measured by a commander muscle tester. Postural control ability was measured using a hopping test. All measurements for each subject were conducted pre-intervention and 3 weeks post-intervention. Result: There were significant differences post-intervention in the muscle strength and-the postural control ability of the open kinetic chain exercise group(p<.05). Conclusion: Open kinetic chain exercise had a significant positive effect on the motor function of the lower limb in soccer players. Therefore, open kinetic chain exercise may prevent and resolve injury with careful management while soccer players are training or playing games. It could be helpful to extend the lives of athletes and improve their records.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1988

Prediction performances by Einstein's equation of diffusivity, Peskin's model, Three-Equation model, Four-Equation model and Algebraic Stress Model, have been compared by analyzing twophase (air-solid) turbulent jet flow. Turbulent kinetic energy equation of dispersed phase was solved to investigate effects of turbulent kinetic energy on turbulent diffusivity. Turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate of particles has been considered by solving turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate equation of dispersed phase and applying it to turbulent diffusivity of dispersed phase. Results show that turbulent diffusivity of dispersed phase can be expressed by turbulent kinetic energy ratio between phases and prediction of turbulent kinetic energy was improved by considering turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate of dispersed phase for modelling turbulent diffusivity. This investigation also show that Algebraic Stress Model is the most promising method in analyzing gas-solid two phases turbulent flow.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.9-16
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of kinesio taping of thigh muscle on isokinetic muscular function during closed kinetic chain exercise of lower extremity. Methods : Twenty healthy males were participated in this study. The isokinetic muscular function of closed kinetic chain were measured for peak torque, peak torque % body weight, average power, max rep tot work before and after application of kinesio taping on thigh muscles. Results : At $60^{\circ}/s$ peak force and peak force % body weight were significant increased in both extension(p<0.01) and flexion(p<0.001) after applying kinesio taping. At $180^{\circ}/s$ average power was significant increased in both extension and flexion after applying taping(p<0.001). At $240^{\circ}/s$ max rep tot work was significant increased in both extension(p<0.001) and flexion(p<0.05). Conclusion : This study suggests that application of kinesio taping on thigh muscle was more effective to improve isokinetic muscular function in closed kinetic chain exercise of lower extremity.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.52-61
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of open and close kinetic chain exercise on the muscle activity of pectoralis major and triceps. Method: Twenty healthy male college students were assessed three times over two weeks. The participants were randomly assigned to OKCE(Open Kinetic Chain Exercise) and CKCE(Close Kinetic Chain Exercise). On the first day, the 7th day and the last day, The MP(mean power) and PT(peak torque) of the PM(pectoralis major) and TR(triceps) during the exercise were measured with an electromyography device and the study was compared. Result: In the present study, it was found that Statistical analysis of the measured values at the end of experimental period revealed statistically significant differences in the MP and PT values of TR and PM. Conclusion: These findings suggest that CKCE and OKCE may be an effective physical therapy intervention for strengthening muscular activity in patients with low activity in the upper limb, including normal subjects, although it is not suitable for effective exercise by selecting either CKCE or OKCE.