• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
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• v.73 no.10
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• pp.1519-1528
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• 2018

The objective of the present study is the development of a comprehensive air chemical kinetic model that includes 11 species and 54 chemical reactions for the numerical investigation of air nonequilibrium inductively coupled plasmas. The two-dimensional, compressible Navier-Stokes equations coupled with the electromagnetic-field equations were employed to describe the fundamental characteristics of an inductive plasma. Dunn-Kangs 32 chemical-reaction model of air was reconstructed and used as a comparative model. The effects of the different chemical kinetic models on the flow field were analyzed and discussed at identical/different working pressures. The results theoretically indicate that no matter the working pressure is low or high, the use of the 54 chemical kinetic model presented in this study is a better choice for the numerical simulation of a nonequilibrium air ICP.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.16-21
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• 2011

The effects of stroke change on turbulent kinetic energy for the in-cylinder flow of a four-valve SI engine were studied. For this study, the same intake manifold, head, cylinder, and the piston were used to examine turbulence characteristics in two different strokes. In-cylinder flow measurements were conducted using three dimensional LDV system. The measurement method, which simultaneously collects 3-D velocity data, allowed a evaluation of turbulent kinetic energy inside a cylinder. High levels of turbulent kinetic energy were found in regions of high shear flow, attributed to the collisions of intake flows. These specific results support the more general conclusion that the inlet conditions play the dominant role in the generation of the turbulence fields during the intake stroke. However, in the absence of two counter rotating vortices, this intake generated turbulent kinetic energy continues to decrease but at a much faster rate.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.42-46
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• 2016

Kinetic typography is technology such as color, scale, position of the letter changes dynamically with time and it communicates information with aesthetics and originality. The purpose of this study is to identify the design factors in the formativeness of Hangul and present and implement the interaction design method of unique Hangul kinetic typography based on the scientific structure of Hangul. We implemented the Hangul kinetic typography system, which varies in sizes and motion directions according to a viewer's movement and exhibited in a media art event. To do this, we used a viewer's skeleton information on typography synchronization. The results indicated that Hangul kinetic typography has potential not only as a means to communicate with viewers but also as a medium to show the artistic value of Hangul.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.279-290
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• 1998

The diagnosis of canine diabetes mellitus is generally made by measuring serum fructosamine levels. The Rosental's end points Tas and El Din's kinetic, and Johnson and colleagues'kinetic techiniques were compared for the measuring serum fructosamine levels. In the Rosental's end point methods within-run and between-run coefficient of variability (CV) were 2.4-3.5% and 6.8-8.5%, respectively, and in the Tas and El Din's kinetic method, within-run and between-run CV were 1.3-3.0% and 3.4-3.9%, respectively. In the Johnson and colleagues'kinetic methods within-run and between-run CV were 0-1.8% and 3.1-6.8%1 ruts- pectively. Hyperlipidemia induced by oral administration of 3 ml of corn oil per kilogram body weight did not affect serum fructosamine concentration significantly in the Johnson and colleagues' kinetic method Johnson and colleagues'kinetic method is most reliable and consistant on the basis of comparison study.

• Journal of KIBIM
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2015

Existing pedagogical issues of digital design including BIM have been focused not on potential of Digital Design but on skills of BIM or digital modeling tool. Kinetic facade can move or change material state to react surrounding environment conditions. It is a suitable design object for teaching principle of Performance Oriented Digital Design. Variables of movements affect multi-criteria of performances of kinetic facade, so different design approach from fixed facade design should be explored. Kinetic facade design process is proposed to study pedagogical issues of Performance Oriented Digital Design in this paper. Through Kinetic facade design process, students can understand conditions, variables, and performances of digital design.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.25-31
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• 2012

Purpose : This study was intended to compare muscle activity in relation to knee joint angles on closed kinetic chain. Methods : A total of 13 subjects consisting of 5 adult males and 8 adult females were made to make movements maintaining knee joint angles at $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ on closed kinetic chain and the muscle activity occurring in their vastus medialis, rectus femoris and vastus lateralis was measured. Statistical data were analyzed using oneway ANOVA. Results : On closed kinetic chain, the muscle activity of the vastus medialis, rectus femoris and vastus lateralis increased the most at $90^{\circ}$ among the knee joint angles with statistically significant differences(p<0.05). Conclusion : On closed kinetic chain, it could be seen that as the angle of the knee joint increased, the muscle activity increased.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.182-190
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• 2014

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effects of open kinetic chain exercise (OKCE) and closed kinetic chain exercise (CKCE) using knee reposition sensing on balance, strength, and knee joint reposition sense (JPS) in chronic stroke patients. Methods: Twenty-nine hemiplegic patients participated in this study. Participants were randomly divided into 3 groups, CKCE, OKCE, and controls, with 9, 10, and 10 participants, respectively. The CKCE group completed CKCE using knee reposition sensing, whereas the OKCE group completed OKCE using knee reposition sensing. The control group completed conventional physical therapy. Results: Significant differences between the CKCE and OKCE groups were apparent for all outcomes except the functional reaching test. The CKCE group displayed significant improvements in knee JPS versus the OKCE and control groups (p<0.01). The OKCE group displayed significant improvements in knee extensor muscle strength versus the CKCE and control groups (p<0.05). The CKCE and OKCE groups displayed significantly improvements in static balance versus the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: CKCE and OKCE improved balance, strength, and knee JPS. Additionally, CKCE might provide a more useful intervention benefit than OKCE for increasing knee JPS, a weight-bearing task. OKCE was sufficient to improve the knee extensor muscle strength.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.1609-1618
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• 2014

In this study, as a fundamental study for the remediation of the radionuclides-contaminated soil, the adsorption of cobalt, strontium, and cesium on natural soil and kaolin were experimently investigated and adsorption characteristics were evaluated by using several adsorption kinetic and isotherm models. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model (PFOM), pseudo-second-order kinetic model (PSOM), one-site mass transfer model (OSMTM), and two compartment first-order kinetic model (TCFOKM) were used to evaluate the kinetic data and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model was the best with good correlation. The adsorption equilibria of cobalt, strontium, and cesium on natural soil were fitted successfully by Redlich-Peterson and Sips models. For kaolin, the adsorption equilibria of cobalt, strontium, and cesium were fitted well by Redlich-Peterson, Freundlich, and Sips models, respectively. The amount of adsorbed radionuclides on natural soil and kaolin was in the order of cesium > strontium > cobalt. It is considered that these results could be useful to predicting the adsorption behaviors of radionuclides such as cobalt, strontium, and cesium in soil environments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.131-138
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• 2019

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects on muscle activation and ankle instability following sudden ankle inversion of the closed kinetic chain exercise using visual feedback to evaluate chronic ankle instability in adult males. METHODS: In this study, 28 subjects with chronic ankle instability were recruited and randomly divided into a closed kinetic chain exercise using a visual feedback group(n=13) and an open kinetic chain exercise group(n=15). Each group underwent 30 minutes of exercise three times a week for 8 weeks. The electromyographic(EMG) values of the rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, and lateral gastrocnemius muscles were measured to analyze muscle activity. The Cumberland ankle instability tool(CAIT) was used to measure ankle instability. RESULTS: Both groups showed improvements in tibialis anterior, peroneus longus and CAIT score(p<.05). In the experimental group, there were significant improvements in the rectus femoris, biceps femoris, and lateral gastrocnemius muscle activation(p<.05). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that closed kinetic chain exercise using visual feedback can be a useful treatment method for patients with chronic ankle instability.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.499-506
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• 2022

This study proposes kinetic parameters of Ru catalyst for steam methane reforming (SMR). First, extensive experiments are performed under different SMR conditions to evaluate performance of the catalyst in SMR. Second, a kinetic model is designed and developed for parameter estimation and validation using gPROMS. Finally, estimated parameters are fitted to the kinetic model and then, the model results are compared with the experimental data. The model results are in a good agreement with the experimental data.