• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.331-339
• /
• 2012

In this paper, let Q be the real quaternion algebra which consists of all quaternionic numbers, and let G be the Lie group of all automorphisms of the algebra Q. Assume that g is an arbitrary given left invariant Riemannian metric on the Lie group G. Then, we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for an automorphism of the group G to be harmonic.

• East Asian mathematical journal
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.75-79
• /
• 2010

Let G be a compact connected semisimple Lie group, g the Lie algebra of G, g the canonical metric (the biinvariant Riemannian metric which is induced from the Killing form of g), and $\nabla$ be the Levi-Civita connection for the metric g. Then, we get the fact that the Levi-Civita connection $\nabla$ in the tangent bundle TG over (G, g) is a Yang-Mills connection.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.15-26
• /
• 1962

Decoctions of two Korean indigenous crude drugs. Radix Jingyu(the dried root of Aconitum pseudo-laeve Nakai var. erectum Nakai form. Genuinum Nakai) and Fructus ponciri (the transversely sliced and dried unripe fruit of Poncirus trifoliata Rafinesque), are being utilized by the inhabitants in certain parts of southeastern district of Korea with an empirical belief that these serve as effective insecticides for cattle ticks. Of the two species of cattle ticks so far identified in Korea, Boophilus microplus and Haemaphysalis bispinosum, the former was employed in this experiment as the species occupies nearly 99 percent of the tick population. The results of the experiments herein reported seen to indicate that although the killing power of aqueous extracts of the drugs is minimal, the repellent effect against the ticks, especially of Radix Jingyu, is excellent. It may be of interest to note that the aqueous extract of Radix Jingyu has not proved to be inferior to any of the most effective cattle repellents commercially available. Further studies on these Korean indigenous crude drugs as cattle tick repellents are indicated to find whether active ingredients can be extracted in a hope to materialize an extensive application of these drugs in the field.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.95-99
• /
• 2001

Giardia lamblia is a parasitic protozoa which is transmitted in the form of a cyst through untreated water and also treated drinking water. Since its presence in water has led to frequent outbreaks of giardiasis and death in many countries, the removal and disinfection of this protozoan cyst from the water supply are of great concern for public health. This study examined the disinfection characteristics of G. lamblia cysts isolated from a Korean patient with giardiasis. When using sodium hypochlorite including 5 or 10 ppm chlorine, the killing rate was initially rapid, however, the disinfection slowed down and a 3log reduction could not be achieved even after 2h. The disinfection effectiveness was also reduced at a lower temperature, thereby implying that the risk o a giardiasis outbreak will be higher in the winter season. A CT (concentration$.$time) curve was constructed based on the results with sodium hypochlorite for use in designing and predicting disinfection performance. The organic chlorination disinfectant SDIS (sodium dichloroisocyanurate) produced a lower pH and a much higher residual effect than sodium hypochlorite. The disinfection of cysts by SDIC continued steadily throughout 2h of contact, although the initial killing rate was lower than that with sodium hypochlorite.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.530-534
• /
• 1996

Astrocyte are the major glial cell type in the central nervous system (CNS), and analogous to macrophage, mediates the number of immune responses such as production of cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha ($TNF-{\alpha}$) upon activation. $TNF-{\alpha}$ has been implicated in neuroimmunological disorders through killing oligodendrocytes and thus causing demyelination. It has been previously demonstrated that mitogen-activated T cells synthesized a 26 kDa precursor form of $TNF-{\alpha}$ which is bound to the surface of a membrane, and is later secreted as a 17 kDa mature version. In order to examine whether astrocytes would produce the transmembrane form of $TNF-{\alpha}$, astrocytes were stimulated with biological stimuli and the membrane form of $TNF-{\alpha}$ was analyzed by Western blot and FACS analysis. When astrocytes are stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), $IFN-{\gamma}/LPS$, or $IFN-{\gamma}/IL-1{\beta}$, they were able to express a membrane-anchored $TNF-{\alpha}$ of approximately 26 kDa protein which was immunoreactive to an $anti-TNF-{\alpha}$ antibody, whereas unstimulated astrocytes or astrocytes treated with $IFN-{\gamma}$ or $IL-1{\beta}$ alone was not. Our FACS data were also consistent with the immunoblot analysis. Our result suggests that the membrane form of $TNF-{\alpha}$ expressed by activated astrocytes may cause local damage to oligodendrocytes by direct cell-cell contact and contribute to demyelination observed in multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE).

• Trans-
• /
• v.16
• /
• pp.69-105
• /
• 2024

The House that Jack Built (2018), a film about how the protagonist Jack is reborn as a "mad artist" with psychotic symptoms during a 12-year killing spree, provides an interesting opportunity to analyze the film in terms of psychoanalysis and religion. Jack, an engineer who suffers from OCD, finds pleasure in the accidental murder of a character and considers killing people as an art form, overcoming his OCD in the process. The question we are interested in is whether the symptoms of OCD are truly overcome by the act of repeated killing. The idea is that Jack's OCD is not overcome by killing, but rather that the symptoms disappear as he moves from neurosis to a stabilized psychotic state. According to the theory of the famous French psychoanalyst Lacan, the hallucinations or delusions that human subjects experience when they lose their realistic stability are a phenomenon that occurs when they are confronted with The Real, which penetrates through the cracks of the symbolic system. Phenomena such as Jack's illusory reality and delusions in the movie are pathological symptoms of the absence of a paternal figure in his life, causing the Name-of-the-Father to fail to take hold. This paper deciphers the psychotic structure of Jack, the protagonist of Lars von Trier's House of Jack, through Lacanian psychoanalysis.

• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.167-178
• /
• 2005

Streptococcus iniae is one of the major bacterial pathogens of cultured olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus in Korea. This study was carried out to investigate the interaction between morphological characteristics and immune response such as phagocytosis and serum killing activity. They were differentiated phenotypically into two groups, the viscous colonies and the non-viscous colonies, but the strains in both groups were similar in physiological and biochemical characteristics. Electron microscopic examination of the viscous form revealed thick, electron-dense exopolysaccharide materials surrounding polycationic ferritin-stained cells, while the exopolysaccharide material was absent around the non-viscous form of S. iniae. The viscous type strains were disclosed more virulent than those of non-viscous type for olive flounder. The viscous strains were resistant to normal serum killing activity, while the non-viscous strains were susceptible to bactericidal activity of normal serum from olive flounder. The viscous strains were more resistant to opsonophagocytosis and decreased the chemiluminescence response of head kidney macrophages of olive flounder. All of the tested non-viscous S. iniae strains were efficiently destroyed by the macrophage after phagocytosis. Both the viscous and the non-viscous strains invaded and replicated in cultured fish cell line (CHSE-2l4). This cellular invasion may contribute to the pathogenesis of invasive S. iniae infection.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.130-136
• /
• 2001

The killing effects of two types(one-phase reactor and two-phase reactor) of UV-TiO$_2$photocatalytic system on the microorganisms have been studied. The UV-lamp which emits maximum 39 watts at 254 nm was prepared in these system. Three types of $TiO_2$ coating method were adopted. One type is thin film coated form on the quartz tube in the reactor and another one is surface rough coated form on the glass bead. The other one is $TiO_2$-mixed alginate bead form. UV irradiation was carried out for 1 min. In case of one phase reactor, the bactericidal efficiencies of E. coli by $TiO_2$-coated quartz tube and $TiO_2$-coated glass bead were 63.2% and 89.9%, respectively. In the air-bubbling system, the bactericidal efficiency was 95%, however, the efficiency decreased to 90.6% in the non-bubbling system. In the $TiO_2$-mixed alginate bead system, bactericidal efficiency was 86%. When $H_2O$$_2$ was treated (10, 15, 20, and 25 mg/ι) to the $TiO_2$-coated glass bead reactor, bactericidal efficiency significantly increased according to the concentration of $H_2$$O_2$. Two phase reactor showed more elevated efficiency. E. coli was more sensitive to the reaction than S. cerevisiae.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.391-404
• /
• 1991

Three anticncer agents which are different in time or dosage dependence as well as in phase specificity, namely mitomycin and adriamycin from natural products, and widely different cancer cell lines_Four epidermoid carcinomas originated from larynx, cervix, skin and gut were used toghether with one osteosarcoma as the target cell of single and combined administration of anticancer drugs. Semiautomated tetrazolium dye assay(MTT) appears to offer an attractive option for chemosensitivity of head and neck cancers since it is a simple, valid and inexpensive method of assessing chemosensitivity for large samples in a short time. The results obtained form this study were as follows. 1. Good correlations were obtained with the results of the MTT test and those of $^3H$ thymidine uptake assay. 2. $LD_{50}$ values of HIST and St.Ca. which showed relatively high doubling time on adriamycin were $30{\mu}g/ml$ and $15{\mu}g/ml$ while those of HeLa, Hep-2 and KHOS/NP were $2.1{\mu}g/ml$, $4.8{\mu}g/ml$, and $6.8{\mu}g/ml$ respectively. 3. The $LD_{50}$ value of 5-FU on five cancer cells were very high ranging from 15mg/ml to almost indefinite number, which means 5-FU is very resistant to epidermoid carcinomas or osteosarcoma examined in this study. 4. Mitomycin was relatively effective showing 80% cancer killing effect on HeLa, 70% on St. Ca. and 50% on Hep-2 at the high concentrations used. 5. Adriamycin was the most effective showing 90% cancer cell killing effect on KHOS/NP, 98% on HeLa, 80% both on Hep-2 and St. Ca. The least susceptible cancer cells toward adriamycin was HIST having only 55% cell killing effect at the high cincentration. 6. Combined therapy of adriamycin and 5-FU was more effective than single administration in all the cases examined. Most effective synergism was observed on St. Ca. at the low concentration, showing 21 times higher than each single administration.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.557-573
• /
• 2011

Let G be a compact and connected semisimple Lie group, H a closed subgroup, g (resp. h) the Lie algebra of G (resp. H), B the Killing form of g, g the normal metric on the homogeneous space G/H which is induced by -B. Let D be an invarint connection with Weyl structure (D, g, ${\omega}$) in the tangent bundle over the normal homogeneous Riemannian manifold (G/H, g) which is projectively flat. Then, the affine connection D on (G/H, g) is a Yang-Mills connection if and only if D is the Levi-Civita connection on (G/H, g).