• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

Osteopontin (OPN) is a glycosylated phosphoprotein which mediates cell adhesion and migration, and is produced by bone, macrophages, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells. The many regulatory functions of OPN include bone remodeling, tumor invasion, wound repair, and promotion of cell survival. It is produced by renal tubular epithelial cells, and expression is upregulated in glomerulonephritis, hypertension, ischemic acute renal failure, renal ablation, and UUO. In this review, we discuss about osteopontin in general aspect, expression, role on the development and pathologic condition of neonatal kidney.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.25-31
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• 1970

Tissue homogenates of Ehrlich ascites tumor tissues and several normal tissue of mice were incubated separately in medium maintaining $C^{14}$_acetate concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 mg%, in order to determine maximum oxidative rates of acetate. In every incubation experiments, respiratory $CO_2$ samples rapped by alkaline which was placed in the center well of the incubation blask were analyzed for total $CO_2$ Production rates and their radoactivies. The fractions of $CO_2$ from medium acetate to total $CO_2$ production rate were obtained with relative specific activities (RSA) which were calculated by ratio between specific activities (SA) of $CO_2$ and medium $CO^{14}$_acetate and $CO_2$ production rates from medium acetate were calculated from RSA and total $CO_2$ production rates. Maximum plateau values of oxidative rates described above were determined at incubation experiments of various concentrations of medium acetate and compared the oxidative rates of acetate of tumor with those of normal tissues such as kidney, brain and liver. Maximum plateau values of total $CO_{2}$ Production rates were obtained at acetate concentration of 20 mg% and represent $25.0{\pm}0.54\;{\mu}M/hr/gm$ in the brain, $16.3{\pm}2.5$ in the kidney, $9.1{\pm}1.78$ in the liver and $11.5{\pm}3.2\;{\mu}M/hr/gm$ in the ascites tuners. Substancial $CO_2$ yield was observed in the tumor tissues as in the normal tissues. On the other hand, plateau values of RSA were $25.7{\pm}1.04%$ in thee brain, $9.1{\pm}0.72%$ in the kidney, $2.5{\pm}0.73%$ in the liver and $0.51{\pm}0.12%$ in the tumor tissues. $CO_2$ yields from the medium acetate, were 4.19 in the kidney, 2.28 in the brain, 0.228 in the liter and $0.059\;{\mu}M/hr/gm$ in the tumor tissue. These show wide range even in the normal tissue but remarkable decrease in the tumor tissue. This fact means that further oxidation of acetate was inhibited remarkably in the tumor tissue.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.270-274
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• 2000

A seven-year-old female Jindo-dog was presented with a history of progressive abdominal distension. Except for severe bilateral abdominal swelling, other abnormal signs were not detected. The patient showed normal appetite and defecation. In the radiographic examination, the abdomen was filled with large masses. Suspected a certain neoplastic disease, laparotomy was taken through the cranial abdominal midline. Large pale-yellow masses were proliferated to fill the abdomen. In the masses, grey-brown or black portion presumed hemorrhagic or necrotic spots were found. Even though neoplastic tissues were not detected in the right kidney, they were infiltrated in the left kidney except for a part of the cortex. Obtaining the owner's consent, the patient was euthanized and samples were collecte for further study. In microscopic examination, the parenchyma of the medulla was substituted with tumor cells and the cortex was impressed by the expansive proliferation of the neoplastic tissues. This neoplasm was estimated as renal carcinoma originated from tubular epithelium, being based upon that tumor cells were largely cuboidal cells and they had obscure tubular forms.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.83 no.6
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• pp.1412-1417
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• 2022

Renomedullary interstitial cell tumors are often incidentally identified either upon autopsy or kidney resection for other reasons. However, rare renomedullary interstitial cell tumor cases resulting in a clinical symptomatic mass have been reported. We present a case of renomedullary interstitial cell tumor that was manifested as an incidentally detected renal mass and mimicked renal cell carcinoma on the imaging features.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.1185-1193
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• 2021

Objective: Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) is the second-most common but extremely rare primary renal malignancy in children after Wilms' tumor. The aims of this study were to evaluate the imaging features that could distinguish between CCSK and Wilms' tumor and to assess the features with diagnostic value for identifying CCSK. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the initial contrast-enhanced abdominal-pelvic CT scans of children with CCSK and Wilms' tumor between 2010 to 2019. Fifty-eight children (32 males and 26 females; age, 0.3-10 years), 7 with CCSK, and 51 with Wilms' tumor, were included. The maximum tumor diameter, presence of engorged perinephric vessels, maximum density of the tumor (Tmax) of the enhancing solid portion, paraspinal muscle, contralateral renal vein density, and density ratios (Tmax/muscle and Tmax/vein) were analyzed on the renal parenchymal phase of contrast-enhanced CT. Fisher's exact tests and Mann-Whitney U tests were conducted to analyze the categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were also performed. Results: The age, sex, and tumor diameter did not differ between the two groups. Engorged perinephric vessels were more common in patients in the CCSK group (71% [5/7] vs. 16% [8/51], p = 0.005). Tmax (median, 148.0 vs. 111.0 Hounsfield unit, p = 0.004), Tmax/muscle (median, 2.64 vs. 1.67, p = 0.002), and Tmax/vein (median, 0.94 vs. 0.59, p = 0.002) were higher in the CCSK compared to the Wilms' group. Multiple logistic regression revealed that engorged vessels (odds ratio 13.615; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.770-104.730) and Tmax/muscle (odds ratio 5.881; 95% CI, 1.337-25.871) were significant predictors of CCSK. The cutoff values of Tmax/muscle (86% sensitivity, 77% specificity) and Tmax/vein (71% sensitivity, 86% specificity) for the diagnosis of CCSK were 1.97 and 0.76, respectively. Conclusion: Perinephric vessel engorgement and greater tumor enhancement (Tmax/muscle > 1.97 or Tmax/vein > 0.76) are helpful for differentiating between CCSK and Wilms' tumor in children aged below 10 years.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.225-231
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• 2014

Klotho deficiency is an early event in acute kidney injury (AKI) that exacerbates acute kidney damage. The present study explored the expression of Klotho and inflammation related factors in cisplatin-induced AKI. Rats (n = 18) were treated with cisplatin intraperitoneal injection (5 mg/kg) or left untreated as controls (n = 6), then sacrificed at 5 (n = 6) and 10 days (n = 6) treatment. Five days after cisplatin injection, the serum kidney enzymes and kidney cell apoptosis were significantly increased. Moreover, the expression of Klotho was decreased when compared to the control group, especially in the cortex and outer medulla regions. In contrast, inflammation related signals including nuclear factor kappa B, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, and tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis were enhanced. However, 10 days after cisplatin injection, Klotho expression was enhanced upon both IHC and Western blot analysis, with slightly recovered renal function and decreased apoptosis. Furthermore, inflammation related signals expression was decreased relative to the 5 days group. Overall, this study confirmed the opposite expression patterns between Klotho and inflammation related signals and their localization in cisplatin-induced AKI kidney.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.13-19
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was aimed to define the protective effect of Tissue Cultured Root of Wild Ginseng (CWG) against doxorubicin (Doxo) toxicity, and investigate the anti-tumor synergic effect of CWG in combination with Doxo in tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice. Methods : Tumor-bearing mice were established by single inoculation with B16/F10 melanoma cells (2$\times$10$^6$/ml) subcutaneously. Tumor-bearing mice (tumor volume between 50-100 mm$^3$) were selected and divided them into control, Doxo, and Doxo+CWG group. Mice of Doxo group were received with Doxo (4 mg/kg of B.W.) intraperitoneally at 0, 4, 8 days after starting the experiment. Mice of Doxo+CWG group were received CWG water extract during 12 days in combination with Doxo treatment. The body weight, tumor volume, tumor weight, and organ weight (heart, liver, kidney, and testis) were measured. And serum SPK, GOT and creatinine values were analysed. Results : The volume and weights of tumor masses in Doxo group were decreased significantly compared with the those of control group. And the those of Doxo+CWG group were not significantly different from the those of Doxo group. Whereas the weight of body, liver, kidney and testis in Doxo+CWG group were increased significantly compared with the those of Doxo group. The level of serum CPK and GOT in Doxo group were increased compared with the those of control group. But the value of Doxo+CWG group were decreased significantly compared with the values of Doxo group. Conclusions : These results suggest that CWG has protective effect against doxorubicin toxicity. And these effect is guessed that is caused in augmentation of vital energy.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.194-196
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• 2006

A leiomyosarcoma that occurred in the right kidney with hepatic metastasis of a 15-year-old intact female Asian water buffalo (Bubalus arnee) in a zoo, Republic of Korea. The animal showed no clinical signs. Grossly, a firm and white mass (6.0 x- 5.0- x 4.0 cm) was observed in the renal capsule and multiple firm white nodules, measuring 1.0-2.5 cm, were present on the surface of the liver. Microscopically, tumor cells were spindle-shaped, the cell density was high, and complex fasciculated tumor cells showing longitudinal and transverse cross-sections were observed. Tumor cell nuclei was ordinarily cigar shaped and had rounded blunt ends. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells reacted intensely with anti-smooth muscle actin antibody. This is the first case report of a renal leiomyosarcoma with hepatic metastasis in a Asian water buffalo.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.225-230
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• 2001

Multilocular cystic nephroma is a rare disease, noninherited benign renal neoplasm occurring in both children and adults. It is necessary to make a differential diagnosis from all renal diseases with a cystic component, such as Wilms tumor, harmatoma or polycystic dysplastic kidney in childhood. There are about only 200 case reports in the world since Walter Edmunds had described it first. We report a case of multilocular cystic nephroma presented with painless abdominal mass, treated with nephrectomy and confirmed with pathology. (J. Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 2001 ;5 : 219-24)

• Toxicological Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.233-239
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• 2004

The present study was designed to determine the impact of mercury on endotoxin-induced inflammatory cytokine expression and corresponding signal transduction in mouse kidney. Male BALB/c mice were exposed continuously to 0, 0.3, 1.5, 7.5, or 37.5 ppm of mercury in drink-ing water for 14 days and at the end of the treatment period, lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.5 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 2 h prior to euthanasia. The doses of mercury and LPS did not cause hepatotoxicity or renal toxicity as indicated by unaltered plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, and terminal UTP nucleotide end-labeling assay from kidney, respectively. Mercury decreased kidney glutathione (GSH) and with LPS, it additively decreased GSH. Mercury activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and additively increased LPS-induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation. In contrast, mercury inhibited LPS-induced activation of extra-cellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) but had no effect alone. Mercury increased the gene expression of tumor necrosis factor $\alpha$ (TN F$\alpha$) and potentiated LPS-induced TNF$\alpha$ expression. Mercury did not affect LPS-induced interleukin-1$\beta$ (IL-1$\beta$) expression but decreased LPS-induced IL-6 expression. These results suggest that low levels of mercury might augment LPS-induced TNF$\alpha$ expression by altering GSH and p38 MAPK. Mercury modulates LPS-induced p38 and ERK activation, and downstream TNF$\alpha$ and IL-6 expression in kidney, respectively.