• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.69-83
• /
• 2011

Objectives : This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Malvae Semen herbal-acupuncture (MS-HA) at$KI_{10}$($Eumgok$) on nephritis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rat. Methods : Rats with nephritis induced by LPS, were treated with Malvae Semen herbal-acupuncture(MS-HA) injection at $KI_{10}$. Two control groups, N.P group and Saline group, were treated with 26 gauge needle at $KI_{10}$, 3 times a week. In Saline group, normal saline was injected at $KI_{10}$. To evaluate the effects of Malvae Semen Herbal-acupuncture at $KI_{10}$ on nephritis in rats, WBC, Neutrophils in blood, BUN, Creatinine, TNF-a, CINC-1 in serum, urinal volume, creatinine, total protein in urine and renal TNF-a, renal tissue were analyzed. Results : MS-HA at $KI_{10}$ significantly reduced WBC and neutrophil in blood, TNF-${\alpha}$ in serum of LPS-stimulated rats. MS-HA at $KI_{10}$ significantly reduced total protein level in urine. MS-HA at $KI_{10}$ reduced accumulation of neutrophil in renal tissue of LPS-stimulated rats. Conclusions : Taken together, MS-HA at $KI_{10}$ has a therapeutic effect on nephritis in LPS-stimulated rat. Therefore, it is suggested that MS-HA at $KI_{10}$ may be an useful therapeutics for nephritis in clinical field.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.51-60
• /
• 2014

Objectives : This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Alismatis Rhizoma Herbal-acupuncture( AR-HA) at $KI_{10}$(Umgok) on nephritis induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in rat. Methods : Rats were injected with LPS to induce nephritis. The rats in $KI_{10}$-AR-HA group were treated with AR-HA, $KI_{10}$-NP group with needle prick, $KI_{10}$-saline group with normal saline injection respectively at $KI_{10}$ three times for a week. Several experimental items were performed including measurements of the numbers of RBC, WBC, neutrophil in blood, the levels of creatinine, $TNF-{\alpha}$, CINC-1 in serum, creatinine, total protein in urine, MPO in kidney. Results : Needle prick stimulation at $KI_{10}$ significantly reduced WBC in blood of LPS-stimulated rats. Saline injection at $KI_{10}$ significantly reduced WBC in blood, $TNF-{\alpha}$ in serum, total protein in urine of LPS-stimulated rats. AR-HA at $KI_{10}$ significantly reduced WBC, neutrophil in blood, $TNF-{\alpha}$, CINC-1 in serum, creatinine, total protein in urine of LPS-stimulated rats. Conclusion : AR-HA at $KI_{10}$ has a therapeutic effect on nephritis in LPS-stimulated rat. There may be a synergism between $KI_{10}$(Umgok) stimulation and AR-HA solution.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.7
• /
• pp.4353-4358
• /
• 2013

Introduction: Breast cancer aggressiveness can be correlated with proliferation status of tumor cells, which can be ascertained with tumor grade and Ki67 indexing. However due to lack of reproducibility, the ASCO do not recommend routine use of Ki67 in determining prognosis in newly diagnosed breast cancers. We therefore aimed to determine associations of the Ki67 index with other prognostic markers like tumor size, grade, lymph node metastasis, ER, PR and HER2neu status. Methods: A total of 194 cases of newly diagnosed breast cancer were included in the study. Immunohistochemical staining for ER, PR, HER2neu and Ki67 was performed by the DAKO envision method. Associations of the Ki67 index with other prognostic factors were evaluated both as continuous and categorical variables. Results: Mean age of the patients was 51.7 years (24-90). Mean Ki67 index was 26.9% (1-90). ER, PR, HER2neu positivity was noted in 90/194 cases (46.4%), 74/194 cases (38.1%) and 110/194 cases (56.70%) respectively. Significant association was found between Ki67 and tumor grade, PR, HER2neu positivity and lymph node status, but no link was apparent with ER positivity and tumor size. There wasan inverse relation between Ki67 index and PR positivity, whereas a direct correlation was seen with HER2neu positivity. However, high Ki67 (>30%) was associated with decreased HER2neu positivity as compared to intermediate Ki67 (16-30%). The same trend was established with lymph node metastasis. Conclusion: Our study indicates that with high grade tumors, clinical utility of ki67 is greater in combination with other prognostic markers because we found that tumors with Ki67 higher than 30% have better prognostic profile compared to tumors with intermediate Ki67 level, as reflected by slightly lower frequency of lymph node metastasis and HER2neu expression. Therefore we suggest that Ki67 index should be categorized into high, intermediate and low groups when considering adjuvant chemotherapy and prognostic stratification.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.238-244
• /
• 1995

Severity of panicle blast disease on the leading cultivars of rice was investigated at nine locations of Korea during summer in 1993 with frequent raining and low temperature conditions. Incidence of panicle blast was 26% on Jinmibyeo, 23% on Chuncheongbyeo and 40% on Odaebyeo. Race distribution of Pyricularia grisea was examined from 1993 to 1994. A total of 1,098 isolates of the fungus obtained from the blast nurseries and framers; fields were screened using Korean differential varieties. Twenty one races were identified in 1993 and 19 races in 1994. KI-181, KJ-103, KJ-104, KI-241 and KI-209 were identified as new races, and KJ-301 (15%), KJ-201 (13%), KJ-105 (12%) and KI-409 (12%) were major races during 1993 and 1994. Race KI-197, which has a wide spectrum of virulence on rice cultivars, was isolated in a ratio of 8.3% and evenly distributed in the whole country. Some of the major and newly identified races during 1993∼1994 were used for spray-inoculation on leading cultivars and differential varieties in a greenhouse. We found that most of the cultivars were resistant to the major races, KJ-301 and KI-409, but were very susceptible to the new races, KI-241, KI-209, KI-181 and KJ-103.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
• /
• no.3
• /
• pp.155-172
• /
• 2005

Kim Whan-ki is an unusual instance in Korean modern artists, who payed attention to emotional and expressive effects of colors. The color of Whan-ki's paintings have been recognized as linked with 'blue' in spite that he used colors within the category of 'Colors of Five Directions(五方色)', which are traditional oriental colors composed of red, lue, yellow, white, green and black. Kim Whan-ki unearthed upon similarity of Five Directions Colors to the three(five) primary colors which modern abstract painter like Mondrian layed down. Whan-ki switched the five directions colors to modern ones. Kim Whan-ki's dot painting in which pure and watery color is sucked in ground is modernistic adaptation from ink painting. He packs a dot with sky and earth, moon and stars, forest and tree, birds and flowers, friends at his hometown, wind, sound and so on. Putting tens of thousands of these shapes and colors into a dot is modernistic version from ink painting. In that point there is a possibility to say that 'dark blue' of the dot painting is 'Hyun-saec(玄色)'. Eventually we can make sure that Kim Whan-ki's view of Art originated in oriental philosophy and beauty.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.207-221
• /
• 2020

This study aimed to investigate the physiological characteristics and anti-obesity effects of milk fermented by L. plantarum KI134. The lipase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of milk fermented by L. plantarum KI134 was 94.57±1.25%, 9.44±2.85%, and 2.74±1.24% (10 fold dilution), respectively. L. plantarum KI134 showed higher sensitivity to clindamycin and erythromycin in comparison to sixteen different antibiotics. It demonstrated the highest resistance toward ampicillin and vancomycin. The strain showed higher β-galactosidase, leucine arylamidase, valine arylamidase, acid phosphatase, β-glucosidase, and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase activities compared to other enzymes. It also did not produce carcinogenic enzymes, such as β-glucuronidase. The survival rate of L. plantarum KI134 in 0.3% bile was 96.90%. Moreover, the strain showed a 91.45% survival rate at a pH of 2.0. L. plantarum KI134 has resistance to Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus at the rates of 70.00%, 68.18%, 59.05%, and 40.63%, respectively. L. plantarum KI134 (23.01%) showed higher adhesion ability than the positive control (16.32%) L. rhamnosus GG. These results demonstrated that milk fermented by L. plantarum KI134 demonstrated an anti-obesity effect under in vitro conditions, with confirmed potential as a probiotic.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
• /
• v.10
• /
• pp.671-728
• /
• 1997

By studying from Chun Kuk are(戰國時代) to Chung area(淸代), I could find some conclusion as follows. 1. It was Chun Kuk area(戰國時代) that was shown some signs of forthcoming activity of theory of Ki Kyung Pal Maek(奇經八脈). In that time, Hwang Jae Nae Kyung(黃帝內經) had been written. That book made a important role for foundation of theory of Ki Kyung Pal Maek(奇經八脈), but it hadn't sufficient contents in some parts. 2. The theory of the Ki Kyung Pal Maek (奇經八脈) had been developed in Jin Han area(秦漢時代), Nan Kyung(難經) had been written in the area, Nan Kyung(難經) had been the first book which had referred to name and physiology of Ki Kyung Pal Maek(奇經八脈) and it also had mentioned about course, function, and pathology of that in simple manner. 3. In Yang Jin are and Su Dang area(兩晋 및 隋唐時代), Maek Kyung(脈經) and Hwang Jae Nae Kyung Tae So(黃帝內經太素) had been written Maek Kyung(脈經) had been the first book which had referred to pathology of Ki Kyung Pal Maek(奇經八脈) by Maek Jin(脈診) in detail, and it had affected on such books like Tae Pyung Seoung Hveu bang (太平聖惠方) and Ko Kum Yeu Tong Dae Chon(古今醫統大全). Hwang Jae Nae Kyung Tae So(黃帝內經太素) had mentioned about course, function, and pathology about Ki Kyung Pal Maek(奇經八脈) in most detail at that time, and it also had referred to that of such books like Myung Dang(明堂) and Ku Khoun Kyung(九卷經) which do not exist in present. Because of these point, Hwang jae Nae Kyung Tae So(黃帝內經太素) is evaluated an important book of theory of Ki Kyung Pal Maek(奇經八脈). 4. In Song area(宋代), Seung Jae Chong Rok(聖濟總錄) had been written. Seung Jae Chong Rok(聖濟總錄) first mentioned about meeting between Ki Kyung Pal Maek(奇經八脈) and Sip I Jong Kyung(十二正經), so this book helped development of theory of Ki Kyung Pal Maek(奇經八脈) of Kum Won area(金元時代). 5. In Kum Won area(金元時代), Dong In Su Hyul Chym Ku Do Kyung(銅人腧穴針灸圖經) had been written. Dong In Su Hyul Chym Ku Do Kyung(銅人腧穴針灸圖經) made a important role of theroy of Im Meak(任脈) and Dok Meank(督脈). Sip Sa Kyung Bal Hyui(十四經發揮) was superior to other books which had been referred to theory of Ki Kyung Pal Maek(奇經八脈) at that time. Also Sip Sa Kyung Bal Hyui(十四經發揮) more mentioned about meeting between Ki Kyung Pal Maek(奇經八脈) and Sip I Jong Kyung(十二正經) than that of Seung Jae Chong Rok(聖濟總錄), so this book helped dvelopment of theory of Ki Kyung Pal Maek(奇經八脈). 6. In Myung area(明代), Ki Kyung Pal Maek Ko(奇經八脈考) that had almost accomplished theory of Ki Kyung Pal Maek(奇經八脈) had been written. Ki Kyung Pal Maek Ko(奇經八脈考) was the best book more than any other book that had been mentioned about theory of Ki Kyung Pal Maek(奇經八脈) in three ways as follows. 1) It is Ki Kyung Pal Maek Ko(奇經八脈考) that mentioned about near similar manner of modern course and physiology of Ki Kyung Pal Maek(奇經八脈). 2) Ki Kyung Pal Maek Ko(奇經八脈考) mentioned about pathology and treatment of Ki Kyung Pal Maek(奇經八脈) in detail more than any other book. 3) Ki Kyung Pal Maek Ko(奇經八脈考) emphasized on relationship between Ryun Kong(鍊功) and Ki Kyung Pal Maek(奇經八脈).

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.275-292
• /
• 2003

In terms of Yin and Yang theory, Dam represents excessive Yang and deficient Yin, and Bangkwang means excessive Yin and deficient Yang. In terms of Ki and Hyung, Dam is vigorous Ki and flabby Hyung, and Bangwang is strong Hyung and weak Ki. In terms of the balance of Ki and Blood, Dam is more Ki and less Blood and Bangkwang is the opposite. In terms of meridians concerned, Dam belongs to Joksoyangdam meridian(足少陽膽經) and Bangkwang belongs to Joktayangbangwang meridian(足太膀胱經), Mr. Jeesan saw that the person having vigorous Ki and flabby Hyung tends to be dynamic and the person having strong Hyung and weak Ki tends to be static and designated both as Dam and Bangkwang, respectively, Meridians are the route of Ki and Blood in the body and since their titles are thought to imply basic oriental medical theories, they are better choices to be comprehensive and systematic than other terms. In the 12 meridians, the 6 foot meridians are more important than the other hand meridians because human beings adapt themselves to the earth. Among the 6 foot meridians, the 3 Yang foot meridians are more representative of the body since they cover more of the body. Joksoyangdam meridian(足少陽膽經) is related to more Ki and less Blood and thus is a relevant term to describe Dam. Likewise Joktaeyangbangkwang meridian(足太膀胱經) is related to more Blood and less Ki and thus can correspond to the term 'Bangkwang'. In addition, the Dam organ and Dam meridians meet the condition of excessive Yang and deficient Yin, vigorous Ki and flabby Hyung, more Ki and less Blood, on the other hand, the BangKwang organ and Bangkwang meridians meet the condition of excessive Yin and deficient Yang, strong Hyung and weak Ki, more Blood and less Ki. Thus the terms of Dam and Bangkwang satisfy the basic concepts Mr. Jeesan established.

• Herbal Formula Science
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2008

The Oriental Medical Literature Relating to Treatment of Gyogamdan in Ki Stagnation : focused on Suseunghwagang The normal drift of a current Ki can maintain a function of body. An abnormal drift of a current Ki which is called a Ki Stagnation by lots of thinking or agony gets to a various disease syndrome. A Ki Stagnation is similar to a mental stress disease. It is a common disease for us to contact easily, so, it is very valuable to study. Gyogamdan which is composed of Cyperi Rhizoma L. and Poria cum Radix pini has been used by basic prescription of a symptom related to all kinds of Ki disease, after being recorded to Hongssijibhumbang first. Gyogamdan has an ability to regulate Ki , through 'Suseunghwagang-centric'(Ascending the Water and Descending the Fire) in body. Gyogamdan compares to Gamijajoohwan which can treat eyes dizzy by ascending heat and Gongjindan which can regulate lack of basic Ki through 'Suseunghwagang-centric'. It is general for the herb and acupuncture to give medical treatment coming together in oriental medicine, so do Gyogamdan and Sagwan Acupoints. Gyogamdan in composition Cyperi Rhizoma L. and Poria cum Radix pini and Sagwan Acupoints in composition Hapkok and T'aech'ung get to synergistic effects. Therefore, a Ki Stagnation treatment through unions of Gyogamdan and Sagwan Acupoints may have more effects than when a treatment used each one alone. Be considered that we have to study Gyogamdan and Sagwan Acupoints carried out an experiment to set up the previous theory in future

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.29-38
• /
• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of $Taegye(KI_3)$ acupuncture and acupuncture with twirling method on the blood pressure, cardiomegalic index, plasma levels of renin and atrial natriuretic peptide in hypertensive RAT induced by two kidney one clip (2KIC). Methods : This study was conducted on one control group and four experimental groups. Control group that had no treatment, Tail group that took tail acupuncture, K-0 group that took $KI_3$ acupuncture, K-6 group that took $KI_3$ acupuncture with 6 turns of twirling method, K-9 group that took $KI_3$ acupuncture with 9 turns of twirling method. Results : Blood pressure was decreased significantly after $KI_3$ acupuncture. Cardiomegalic index decreased significantly after $KI_3$ acupuncture. Plasma levels of renin was decreased significantly after $KI_3$ acupuncture and acupuncture with 9 turns of twirling method Ⅳ. Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide was increased significantly after $KI_3$ acupuncture. Conclusions : These results suggest that blood pressure was decreased significantly after $KI_3$ acupuncture in hypertensive RAT induced by two kidney one clip (2K1C).