• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.418-420
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• 2021

In the 21st century, computers are useful tools for our lives. However, such computers are difficult to use because they are inputted with a mouse and keyboard. The goal of this paper is to design and implement a 'foot keyboard' that can be typed using pedals and using the "cheonjiin" input method with minimal foot movement so that even people with impaired hands can use the computer comfortably.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.687-688
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• 2007

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.67-75
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• 2006

Purpose: Many kinds of musculoskeletal disease and symptom are caused by the longtime computer works. However, trapezius muscle tonus has not been established in regarding to keyboard height during typing. Therefore, this study is to evaluate the relationship between trapezius muscle tonus and the height of keyboard while typing, controling for the postures of neck, Lumbar, cervical vertebra. Methods: The experimental height of keyboard was set at elbow height, 3cm higher, 6cm higher, 9cm higher, than elbow. We studied trapezius tonus with the mean value for 2 minutes by EMG in 15 males and 15 females worker of hospital in seoul, who did not have a history of muscle disease, neurological signs, nerve damage. Results: In this experimental, as the height of the keyboard went up, the trapezius tonus significantly increased with shoulder abduction of brachium. Second, right and left trapezius tonus appeared similar while typing. Third, the best height that release the trapezius tonus the was as high as elbow and 3cm higher than elbow. Conclusion: With these above results, we suggest that the appropriate height of keyboard during typing to release the trapezius tonus most is the height of the elbow and 3cm higher than elbow. The study has important implications for focusing on the height of VDT worktable and complaining of a pain by oneself which are useful to establish a method of prevention of musculoskeletal disorder in work in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.2273-2276
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• 2009

As parents are interested in music education for infants in these days, they require systems to help these infants to actively play music. In this paper, we propose a keyboard solo system using a real time hand recognition method. In order to enable the infants to use the system easily, the proposed system plays some sounds whenever the infants move their fingers on a paper piano. For the purpose of minimizing cost to play music, the proposed system utilizes a general PC with only a paper piano, a web camera, and a speaker. With the aim of precisely and efficiently recognizing both a hand and each key on keyboard, the proposed system divides a recognition step into a hand recognition step and a keyboard recognition step. Also, the hand recognition step considers only skin color, and the keyboard recognition step considers only black and white without other colors.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.1167-1172
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• 2017

Desktop computers, which were the main means of Internet use and information activity, were pushed out by smart devices that emphasized mobility and simplicity. The recent information production and consumption activities are performed through smart devices, but there is no input device for smart devices that can fully replace traditional input devices such as full-size PC compatible keyboards. Because of the small size of the virtual keyboard that uses the touch screen of the smart device, typographical error occurs at a high rate. In this paper, we propose a variable virtual keyboard that minimizes the typographical errors of the conventional virtual keyboards. The proposed method minimizes the user 's input error by adjusting the size of each key of the virtual keyboard based on accumulated dataset of position and pressure of the user' s input error even though there is no difference in the key position arrangement of the conventional virtual keyboards.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.441-448
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• 2004

Mobile devices such as mobile phones or PDAs are considered as main interlace tools in ubiquitous computing environment. For searching information in mobile device, it should be possible for user to input some text as well as to control cursor for navigation. So, we should find efficient interlace method for text input in limited dimension of mobile devices. This study intends to suggest a new approach to mobile interaction using camera based virtual keyboard for text input in mobile devices. We developed a camera based virtual keyboard prototype using a PC camera and a small size LCD display. User can move the prototype in the air to control the cursor over keyboard layout in screen and input text by pressing a button. The new interaction method in this study is evaluated as competitive compared to mobile phone keypad in left input efficiency. And the new method can be operated by one hand and make it possible to design smaller device by eliminating keyboard part. The new interaction method can be applied to text input method for mobile devices requiring especially small dimension. And this method can be modified to selection and navigation method for wireless internet contents on small screen devices.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.213-218
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• 2023

In order to use the VR HMD, operation through separate controllers in both hands is required. Methods for text input in VR include a method of selecting virtual keyboard keys on the screen one by one using a controller, a method of inputting through a keyboard that is a resource of a computer by connecting a computer and VR, or a method of inputting through a keyboard that is a resource of a computer by purchasing a wireless keyboard in VR and wireless keyboard connection method. As such, the text input method in current VR equipment causes inconvenience and additional costs to users. For these reasons, most of the VR-related contents are limited to simple functions such as games or viewers, and there is a risk that VR equipment will be recognized as a simple game machine. Therefore, in this study, a multi-input interface using hand tracking provided by the Oculus Quest2 device is designed and partially implemented. Through this, it is expected that various tasks such as document work and business processing as well as games can be conveniently used using VR equipment.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.47-66
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• 2011

Malay society is rooted on the Islamic concept. That Islam influenced every corner of that Malay society which had ever been an edge of the civilizations of the Indus and Ganges. Once the letters of that Hindu religion namely Sanscrit was adopted to this Malay society for the purpose of getting the Malay language, that is, Bahasa Melayu down to the practical literation but in vain. The Sanscrit was too complicated for Malay society to imitate and put it into practice in everyday life because it was totally different type of letters which has many of the similar allographs for a sound. In the end Malay society gave it up and just used the Malay language without using any letters for herself. After a few centuries Islam entered this Malay society with taking Arabic letters. It was not merely influencing Malay cultures, but to the religious life according to wide spread of that Islam. Finally Arabic letters was to the very means that Malay language was written by. It means that Arabic letters had been used for Arabic language in former times, but it became a similar form of letters for a new language which was named as Malay language. This Arabic letters for Arabic language has no problems whereas Arabic letters for Malay language has some of it. Naturally speaking, arabic letters was not designed for any other language but just for Arabic language itself. On account of this, there occurred a few problems in writing Malay consonants, just like p, ng, g, c, ny and v. These 6 letters could never be written down in Arabic letters. Those 6 ones were never known before in trying to pronounce by Arab people. Therefore, Malay society had only to modify a few new forms of letters for these 6 letters which had frequently been found in their own Malay sounds. As a result, pa was derived from fa, nga was derived from ain, ga was derived from kaf, ca was derived from jim, nya was derived from tha or ba, and va was derived from wau itself. Where must these 6 newly modified letters be put on this Arabic keyboard? This is the very core of this working paper. As a matter of course, these 6 letters were put on the place where 6 Arabic signs which were scarecely written in Malay language. Those 6 are found when they are used only in the 'shift-key-using-letters.' These newly designed 6 letters were put instead of the original places of fatha, kasra, damma, sukun, tanween and so on. The main differences between the 2 set of 6 letters are this: 6 in Arabic orginal keyboard are only signs for Arabic letters, on the other hand 6 Malay's are real letters. In others words, 6 newly modified Malay letters were substituted for unused 6 Arabic signs in Malay keyboard. This type of newly designed Malay Jawi Script keyboard is still used in Malaysia, Brunei and some other Malay countries. But this sort of keyboard also needs to go forward to find out another way of keyboard system which is in accordance with the alphabetically ordered keyboard system. It means that alif is going to be typed for A key, and zai shall be typed when Z key is pressed. This keyboard system is called 'Malay Jawi-English Rumi matching keyboard system', even though this system should probably be inconvenient for Malay Jawi experts who are good at Arabic 'alif-ba-ta'order.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.254-255
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• 2003

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.8D no.3
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• pp.295-304
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• 2001

The standards of a telephone Hangul keyboard should be decided in terms of objective factors : the number of strokes and fingers’moving distance. A number of designers will agree on them, because these factors can be calculated in an objective manner. So, We developed the model which can evaluate the efficiency of inputting Hangul on a telephone keyboard in terms of two factors. As compared with other models, the major features of this model are as follows : in order to evaluate the efficiency of Hangul input on a telephone keyboard, (1) this model calculated not a typing time but the number of strokes ; (2) concurrence frequency that had been counted on KOREA-1 Corpus was used directly ; (3) a total set of 67 consonants and vowels was used ; and (4) this model could evaluate a number of keyboards that use a kind of syllabic function key-the complete key, the null key and the final consonant key and also calculate a lot of keyboards that adopt no syllabic function key. However, there are many other factors to judge the efficiency of inputting Hangul on a telephone keyboard. If we want to make more accurate estimate of a telephone Hangul keyboard, we must consider both logical data and experimental data as well.