• Title/Summary/Keyword: Key management

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Effects on the Pine Mushroom Yield of Controlling Environmental Conditions at the Pine Stands in Namwoon, Korea (남원(南原) 소재(所在) 소나무림(林)의 환경조절(環境調節) 처리(處理)가 송이 발생량(發生量)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Park, Hyun;Kim, Se Hyoun;Kim, Kyo Soo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.86 no.3
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    • pp.399-404
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    • 1997
  • This paper is presenting a practical result of environmental manipulation effect on pine mushroom Tricholoma matsutake yield and a discussion of key factor seeking for improving pine mushroom production by analyzing the effects on mushroom yield for 10 years with applying five kinds of environmental control at the pine stands located in Namwon, Chollabuk-do, Korea. The environmental controls included density control and forest floor manipulations, and the treatments were applied during early summer of 1983. The mushroom yield itself did not show statistically significant differences among the treatments. But, we could manifest the treatment effects by calculating the relative yield in percent on the basis of pretreatment yield collected in 1982. The forest floor manipulation with density control may affect pine mushroom yield in short term, and continuous management should be applied to keep and improve the mushroom production. The fine root activity was the most important factor of pine mushroom production at the Namwon research site since the floor raking resulted in the largest effect on the mushroom yield although the environmental condition for the growth of fungi is important for pine mushroom production. In addition, the pine mushroom forest with sandy soils demands adequate litter layer since the litter removal showed relatively detrimental effects on pine mushroom yield compared to that in litter covered plot at the research site. That is, soil texture should be considered for forest floor manipulation, and it is reconfirmed that the environmental control to improve pine mushroom production should be applied differently by each region.

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Catastrophic Art and Its Instrumentalized Selection System : From work by Hunter Jonakin and Dan Perjovschi (재앙적 예술과 그 도구화된 선별체계: 헌터 조너킨과 댄 퍼잡스키의 작품으로부터)

  • Shim, Sang-Yong
    • The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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    • no.13
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    • pp.73-95
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    • 2012
  • In terms of element and process, art today has already been fully systemized, yet tends to become even more systemized. All phases of creation and exhibition, appreciation and education, promotion and marketing are planned, adjusted, and decided within the order of a globalized, networked system. Each phase is executed, depending on the system of management and control and diverse means corresponding to the system. From the step of education, artists are guided to determine their styles and not be motivated by their desire to become star artists or running counter to mainstream tendency and fashion. In the process of planning an exhibition, the level of artist awareness is considered more significant than work quality. It is impossible to avoid such systems and institutions today. No one can escape or be freed from the influence of such system. This discussion addresses a serious distortion in the selection system as part of the system connotatively called "art museum system," especially to evaluate artistic achievement and aesthetic quality. Called "studio system" or "art star system," the system distinguishes successful minority from failed absolute majority and justifies the results, deciding discriminative compensations. The discussion begins from work by Hunter Jonakin and Dan Perjovschi. The key point of this discussion is not their art worlds but the shared truth referred by the two as the collusive "art market" and "art star system." Through works based on their experiences, the two artists refer to these systems which restrict and confine them. Jonakin's Jeff Koons Must Die! is avideo game conveying a critical comment on authoritative operation of the museum system and star system. In this work, participants, whether viewer or artist, are destined to lose: the game is unwinnable. Players take the role of a person locked in a museum where artist Jeff Koons' retrospective is held. The player can either look around and quietly observe the works, which causes a game-over, or he can blow the classical paintings to pieces and cause the artist Koons to come out and reprimand the player, also resulting in a game-over. Like Jonakin, Dan Perjovschi's some drawings also focuses on the status of the artist shrunken by the system. Most artists are ruined in a process of competition to survive within the museum system. As John Burger properly pointed out, out of the art systems today, public collections (art museums) and private collections have become "something unbearable." The system justifies the selection system of art stars and its frame of reference, disregarding the problem of producing numerable victims in its process. What should be underlined above all else is that the present selection system seriously shrinks art's creative function and its function of generating meaning. In this situation, art might fall to the level of entertainment, accessible to more people and compromising with popularity. This discussion is based on assumption and consciousness on the matter that this situation might cause catastrophic results for not only explicit victims of the system but also winners, or ones defined as winners. The system of art is probably possible only by desire or distortion stemmed from such desire. The system can be flourished only under the economic system of avarice: quantitatively expanding economy, abundant style, resort economy in Venice and Miami, and luxurious shopping malls with up-to-date facilities. The catastrophe here is ongoing, not a sudden emergence, and dynamic, leading the system itself to a devastating end.

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A Study on the Effect of On-Dock System in Container Terminals - Focusing on GwangYang Port - (컨테이너터미널에서 On-Dock 시스템 효과분석에 관한 연구 - 광양항을 중심으로 -)

  • Cha, Sang-Hyun;Noh, Chang-Kyun
    • Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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    • v.39 no.1
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    • pp.45-53
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    • 2015
  • These days Container Terminals are focusing on increasing the quantity of containers and shipping lines choose Terminals by referring to the key elements of a terminal to perform the overall operation the fastest such as the location of the terminal, discharging ability, keeping environment, and other elements related to shipping in general. Container terminal is able to offer On-Dock service has become an important factor for shipping lines to choose that terminal. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for On-Dock system work algorithm, the algorithm Empty container exports, Full Container algorithm and The aim of our study focus on both container's gate out time and search for the effective terminal operation which is using the general On-Dock system through several algorithm like container batch priority, gate in and out job priority and empty container yard equipment allocation rule based on the automatic allocation method and manual allocation scheme for container. Gathering these information, it gives the priority and yard location of gate-out containers to control. That is, by selecting an optimum algorithm container, container terminals Empty reduces the container taken out time, it is possible to minimize unnecessary re-handling of the yard container can be enhanced with respect to the efficiency of the equipment. Operations and operating results of the Non On-Dock and On-Dock system is operated by the out work operations (scenarios) forms that are operating in the real Gwangyang Container Terminal derived results. Gwangyang Container terminal and apply the On-Dock system, Non On-Dock can be taken out this time, about 5 minutes more quickly when applying the system. when managing export orders for berths where On-Dock service is needed, ball containers are allocated and for import cargoes, D/O is managed and after carryout, return management, container damage, cleaning, fixing and controlling services are supported hence the berth service can be strengthened and container terminal business can grow.

Database Security System supporting Access Control for Various Sizes of Data Groups (다양한 크기의 데이터 그룹에 대한 접근 제어를 지원하는 데이터베이스 보안 시스템)

  • Jeong, Min-A;Kim, Jung-Ja;Won, Yong-Gwan;Bae, Suk-Chan
    • The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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    • v.10D no.7
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    • pp.1149-1154
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    • 2003
  • Due to various requirements for the user access control to large databases in the hospitals and the banks, database security has been emphasized. There are many security models for database systems using wide variety of policy-based access control methods. However, they are not functionally enough to meet the requirements for the complicated and various types of access control. In this paper, we propose a database security system that can individually control user access to data groups of various sites and is suitable for the situation where the user's access privilege to arbitrary data is changed frequently. Data group(s) in different sixes d is defined by the table name(s), attribute(s) and/or record key(s), and the access privilege is defined by security levels, roles and polices. The proposed system operates in two phases. The first phase is composed of a modified MAC (Mandatory Access Control) model and RBAC (Role-Based Access Control) model. A user can access any data that has lower or equal security levels, and that is accessible by the roles to which the user is assigned. All types of access mode are controlled in this phase. In the second phase, a modified DAC(Discretionary Access Control) model is applied to re-control the 'read' mode by filtering out the non-accessible data from the result obtained at the first phase. For this purpose, we also defined the user group s that can be characterized by security levels, roles or any partition of users. The policies represented in the form of Block(s, d, r) were also defined and used to control access to any data or data group(s) that is not permitted in 'read ' mode. With this proposed security system, more complicated 'read' access to various data sizes for individual users can be flexibly controlled, while other access mode can be controlled as usual. An implementation example for a database system that manages specimen and clinical information is presented.

Shipborne Mobile LiDAR(Light Detection and Ranging) System for the Monitoring of Coastal Changes (해안지형 모니터링을 위한 해상모바일라이다 지형 측정 시스템 구축)

  • Kim, ChangHwan;Kim, HyunWook;Kang, GilMo;Kim, GiYoung;Kim, WonHyuck;Park, ChanHong;Do, JongDae;Lee, MyoungHoon;Choi, SoonYoung;Park, HyeonYeong
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.49 no.4
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    • pp.281-290
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    • 2016
  • Coastal areas, used as human utilization areas like leisure space, medical care, ports and power plants, etc., are regions that are continuously changing and interconnected with oceans and land. Regular monitoring of coastal changes is essential at key locations with such volatility. But the survey method of terrestial LiDAR(Light Detection and Ranging) system has much time consuming and many restrictions. For effective monitoring coastal changes, KIOST(Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology) has constructed a shipborne mobile LiDAR system. The shipborne mobile LiDAR system, installed in a research vessel, comprised a land based LiDAR(RIEGL LMS-420i), an IMU(MAGUS Inertial+), a RTKGNSS(LEICA GS15 GS25), and a fixed platform. The shipborne mobile LiDAR system is much more effective than a land based LiDAR system in the measuring of fore shore areas without shadow zone. Because the vessel with the shipborne mobile LiDAR system is continuously moved along the shoreline, it is possible to efficiently survey a large area in a relatively short time. We conducted test measurements in the Anmok-Songjung beach around the Gangneung port. Effective monitoring of the changes using the constructed shipborne mobile LiDAR system for seriously eroded coastal areas will be able to contribute to coastal erosion management and response.

Study of the Introduction on the Aviation Safety Data Protection System (항공안전데이터 보호제도 도입 방안 연구)

  • Kim, Eun-jung
    • The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.81-120
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    • 2018
  • To promote the aviation safety reporting system that is operated to enhance aviation safety and to utilize related information, it should first be preceded by standards for non-punishment and data protection. It is because the purpose of collection and analysis of aviation safety related data through the aviation safety reporting system is to prevent recurrence of accidents by investigating their causes through collection and analysis of diverse types of information related to aviation safety. Both mandatory and voluntary reporting systems are in operation for aviation safety under the current Aviation Safety Act. It is said that they were introduced to survey causes for accidents and to prevent recurrences. In fact, however, it is hard to expect active implementation of the reporting system for aviation safety unless the reporters are firstly exempted from punishment. Therefore, the system should be improved so that it can satisfy its purpose and the purposes of data collection concerning aviation safety through examination of the purposes of the reporting system. One of the matters that needs to be considered to promote the reporting system should be the scope of aviation safety hindrances presupposed under the current institution. The voluntary aviation safety reporting system differs from the systems of ICAO or the key advanced countries, including the USA and the UK as it limits the target accidents subject to reporting to minor aviation safety hindrances only. That being said, improvements should be made by requiring mandatory reporting of aviation safety hindrances based on their severity while recognizing a greater variety of aviation safety concerns like international standards. Safety actions and sharing of information based on collection and analysis of diverse data related to aviation safety will greatly contribute to enhance aviation safety as the purposes of the reporting system are to explore causes for accidents and to prevent their recurrences. What is most important in this regard is strict data protection and non-punishment principles; compliance with them should be secured. We can hardly expect the successful operation of the system unless the reporter is exempted from punishment and the relevant data is protected as promotion of voluntary reporting is an essential factor for enhancing the safety culture. Otherwise, the current system may induce hiding of relevant facts or data to evade punishment. It is true that the regulation for enhancing safety tends to have limitations or blind spots; nevertheless, it should still be enforced strictly and completely. Technological progresses and mistakes of operators appear in different forms based on individual cases. The consequential damages may amount to a truly severe level. Therefore, we have studied and suggested to the methods of activiation and amendments on the aviation safety reporting system, which is referred for one of the proactive safety management systems. The proposed improvement of the reporting system and introduction of non-punishment for collection of aviation safety data for deploying a preemptive prevention system would serve as the backbone for enhancing aviation safety in Korea.

The Specific Plant Species and Naturalized Plants in the Area of Taeanhaean National Park, Korea (태안해안국립공원 일대의 특정식물과 귀화식물)

  • Lim, Dong-Ok;CheKar, Eun-Key;Choi, Hyun-Woo;Hwang, In-Chon
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.117-129
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    • 2010
  • The vascular plants of the 15 sites of Taeanhaean National Park were identified as 493 taxa; 117 families, 326 genera, 436 species, 49 varieties, 6 form, 2 hybrids. The National Park area includes coastal areas and islands, these islands reflects well the floristic characteristics of coastal area and transition area of the middle province and the southern province. The study revealed that Ficus erecta Thunb., Machilus thunbergii S. et Z., Neolitsea sericea (Bl.) Koidz. and Eurya japonica Thunb. etc. were the mainly distributed species in the southern area while Rosa rugosa Thunb., Carex kobomugi Ohwi and Elymus mollis Trin., etc. were mainly distributed species over the coastal dune area. Deciduous and evergreens broad-leaved trees like Acer palmatum Thunb. ex. Murray, Euonymus japonica Thunb. and Camellia japonica L., etc. were all together distributed in Taeanhaean National Park. There are no any Endangered species designated by The Ministry of Environment were not found. The floristic special plants were recorded to a total of 53 taxa; that is, class I species (41 taxa) were containing as Vitex rotundifolia L. Fil., Arisaema heterophyllum Bl. and Arisaema ringins (Thunb.) Schott, etc, class II species (1 taxon) were Iris ensata var. spontanea (Makino) Nakai, class III species (7 taxa) were containing; Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm., Salsola collina Pall. and Daphniphyllum macropodum Miq., etc, class IV species (1 taxon) were Angelica japonica A. Gray, class V species (1 taxon) were Utricularia vulgaris var. japonica (Makino) Tamura. The naturalized plants were identified a total of 52 taxa; 17 families, 44 genera, 51 species, 1 form; Solanum carolinense L., Phytolacca americana L. and Oenothera odorata Jacq., etc. Among them the ecosystem disturbance wild animals·plants was identified as Solanum carolinense L. Hypochoeris radicata L. and Solidago altissima L. The study suggests that these areas require management such as physical remove of this ecosystem disturbance field plants.

Avifauna and Management of Breeding Season in Taeanhaean National Park (태안해안국립공원의 번식기 조류상과 관리)

  • Paik, In-Hwan;Jin, Seon-Deok;Yu, Jae-Pyoung;Paek, Woon-Kee
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.139-146
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    • 2010
  • The survey was done in order to find what kinds of birds visit Taeanhaean National Park during breeding season, where we fixed up 10 coastal areas and islands within the National Park. Three groups concurrently performed the field research from 5th to 9th of July in 2009. Total 58 species and 7,323 individuals were recorded in Taeanhaean National Park. 48 species including 6,187 individuals were observed in coastal areas and 33 species including 1,136 individuals in island areas. The most dominant species in the National Park are Larus crassirostris which accounts for 60% of the birds inhabiting there, and they seem to have been bred in the islands near the National Park. The birds observed only around the coastal areas include Anas poecilorhyncha, Fulica atra, Egretta intermedia and the others which consist of 25 species and amount to 318 individuals, and the birds found exclusively in island areas include Phalacrocorax filamentosus, Apus pacificus¸ Locustella pleskei and other birds, which consist of 10 species and the number of those individuals observed was 308. The inhabited islands areas such as Gauido were characterized by high ratio of waterbird population, which seems to be correlated with the factors such as the extent of island, the richness of water resources, and the diversity of habitats. Based on the data collected during the research and other data from the previous observations, the kinds of dominant species remain nearly unchanged. And in spite of the oil spill accident in 2007, the increase in the number of waterbirds compared to 2004 may be the evidence that the area is recovering from the environmental pollution. At present, the tidal power plants are being built or scheduled to be built and large-scale reclamation is also under way. What is worse, those areas are seeing the increase of pension construction, which is likely to be the potential cause of damage and disturbance against some key habitats for the waterbirds. Therefore, it is a major priority that we build the bird information system to efficiently manage the knowledge-based asset collected from bird-watching groups and to better monitor the areas that need enhanced database through which the National Park can be appropriately administered.

The Effects of Modafinil on Clinical Features and Sleep Structure of Narcolepsy Patients and Healthy Controls (모다피닐이 기면병 환자와 대조군의 임상 양상과 수면구조에 구조에 미치는 영향)

  • Shin, Hong-Beom;Jeong, Do-Un;Kim, Eui-Joong
    • Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.67-74
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    • 2006
  • Introduction: Excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy are key features of narcolepsy. Modafinil is psychostimulant used in the treatment of narcolepsy. In this study, we evaluated effects of modafinil on nocturnal sleep structure and sleep latency in multiple sleep latency test and clinical features. Methods: Twelve narcoleptic patients (7 male, age: $22.9{\pm}2.6\;yrs$) were participated in the study. All of them had done nocturnal polysomnography (nPSG), multiple sleep latency test (MSLT), clinical symptoms scales and have repeated same procedure after taking 200 mg of modafinil. We have done linear mixed model analysis to describe effects of group, medication and nap time on these measures. Results: Modafinil did not affect clinical scales except PSQI which had been reduced after medication. In this study, Modafinil reduced total sleep time, sleep efficiency and increased wake after sleep onset and percent of arousal during sleep in nocturnal polysomnography and prolonged mean sleep latency in multiple sleep latency tests in both group. Discussion: Modafinil has stimulant effect of central nervous system but its effect on night sleep is less than other psychostimulants such as methylphenidate. We ascertained that modafinil affected total sleep time, sleep efficiency and percent of wake during sleep but did not effect on sleep structure. Modafinil was effective in the management of day time sleepiness. Modafinil can enhance alertness of control group without day time sleepiness.

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The Effect of Positive end Expiratory pressure on the Pulmonary Capillary Pressure in Acute Lung Injury Patients (급성폐손상환자에서 호기말양압의 변화가 폐모세혈관압에 미치는 영향)

  • Chung, Byung-Chun;Byun, Chang-Gyoo;Lee, Chang-Youl;Kim, Hyung-Jung;An, Chul-Min;Kim, Sung-Kyu;Shin, Cheung-Soo
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.49 no.5
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    • pp.594-600
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    • 2000
  • Background : Positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) ventilation is well established as an integral part of the management of patients with the acute lung injury. PEEP is a key element in the treatment of hypoxemia resulting from pulmonary edema. Pulmonary capillary pressure (Pcap) is the most important factor influencing lung edema formation, and an understanding of how Pcap is altered by variations of PEEP or pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure (PAOP) is important to improve the treatment of acute lung injury patients. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of PEEP on the pulmonary capillary pressure in acute lung injury patients. Methods : This was a prospective study of 11 acute lung injury patients. The effect of PEEP on pulmonary circulation at four different levels (0,4,8, and 12cm$H_2O$) was analyzed. Pcap was estimated visually at bed side with Swan Ganz catheters. The pulmonary vasculature was analyzed by calculating the pressure difference at the arterial and venous parts of the circulation. Results: As PEEP increased from 0 to 12 cm$H_2O$, the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and Pcap increased respectively from $22.7{\pm}7.4$ to $25.3{\pm}7.3$ mmHg and $15.3{\pm}3.3$ to $17.8{\pm}3.2$ mmHg (p<0.05). Similarly, PAOP increased from $9.8{\pm}2.1$ to $12.8{\pm}2.1$ mmHg and the central venous pressure increased from $6.1{\pm}1.6$ to $9.3{\pm}2.3$ mmHg(p<0.05). However, the pressure gradient at the arterial (PAP-Pcap) and venous (Pcap-Pcwp) parts of pulmonary circulation remained unchanged at all evaluated PEEP levels. Conclusion : Although Pcap increased gradually with increased the pressure gradient at the arterial and venous part of the pulmonary vasculature remained unchanged at all evaluated PEEP levels in acute lung injury patients.

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