• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.477-502
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• 2007

The Aconitum alboviolaceum Kom. complex includes four controversial species described from Korea; A. albouiolaceum, A. pseudolaeue, A. longecassidatum, and A. quelpaertense. The main objective of this study was to determine the taxonomic identities and systematic relationships among the species in the A. albouiolaceum complex based on morphology, numerical analyses and DNA sequence analysis. In the present study, variations in the principal morphological characters and chloroplast DNA noncoding region sequences (psbA-trnH IGS, trnL intron, and trnL-trnF IGS) were examined for 95 individuals from 20 populations. Also, neighbor-joining analysis was adopted to infer their relationships. Morphological variation appeared to be considerably high but not to be related to geographic distribution. These morphological results suggest that reevaluation of key morphological characters are needed for the proper taxonomic treatment of the complex. The length of psbA-trnH IGS region ranged from 241 to 250 bp, that of the trnL intron from 526 to 532 bp, and that of the trnL-trnF IGS region from 466 to 472 by in all taxa. Nine haplotypes were recognized from the analysis. Seven populations shared more than two haplotypes, while other thirteen populations shared only one haplotype. In the phylogenetic analysis, the nine haplotypes formed four groups, separated A. sibiricum, one of the sister groups of the complex. There also was no distinct grouping pattern supporting the species and populations observed. These results suggest that introgression or speciation might have been involved in the formation of taxa of A. alboviolaceum complex.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.2645-2651
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• 2015

Background: The phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) pathway is a key regulator for HER2-overexpressing breast cancer, but data about whether activation of PI3K/Akt is associated with poor prognosis and resistance to trastuzumab therapy is controversial. In this study we investigated predictive and prognostic significance of expression of p27, Akt, PTEN and PI3K, which are components of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC), retrospectively. Materials and Methods: Fifty-four HER2-positive MBC patients who had received first-line trastuzumab-based therapy were recruited for the study group. All of the patient's breast tissue samples were examined for p27 and Akt expression. In addition, twenty-five patients with sufficient amount of tumor tissue were also examined for PTEN and PI3K expression. p27, Akt, PTEN and PI3K were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and their relationship with patient demographic features, tumor characteristics, response to trastuzumab-based treatment and survival outcomes were analyzed. Results: p27, Akt, PTEN and PI3K were positive in 25.9%, 70.4%, 24% and 96% of the cases, respectively. Nomne were significantly associated with response to trastuzumab and time to progression (TTP). A trend toward statistical significance for longer overall survival (OS) was found for PTEN-positive patients (p=0.058); there was no significant relationship between the other immunohistochemical variables and OS. When we analyzed groups regarding co-expression, the PTEN-negative/Akt-negative group had a significantly lower objective response rate (ORR) (20% vs 80%, p=0.023) and the PTEN-negative/p27-negative and PTEN-negative/Akt-negative groups had significantly lower median OS compared to other patients (26.4 months vs 76.1 months, p=0.005 and 25.6 months vs 52.0 months, p=0.007, respectively). Conclusions: p27, Akt, PTEN and PI3K expression is not statistically significantly associated with ORR, TTP and OS, individually. However, the combined evaluation of p27, Akt and PTEN could be helpful to predict the response to trastuzumab-based therapy and prognosis in HER2-positive MBC.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.32-39
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• 2009

In this paper, system optimization design technique of an impulse ground penetrating image radar (GPIR) in time domain is proposed to improve depth resolution of the system. For the purpose, time domain analysis method of key components such as impulse generator and UWB antenna is explained and by simulation, parameters of each component are determined. In particular, by standardizing the impulse signal, spectrum efficiency of a radiated impulse signal is improved and a U-shaped planar dipole antenna for a UWB antenna is developed. By equipping a parabolic metal reflector with the proposed antenna, external noise is prevented and the ability of radiating an input impulse into ground is improved. In addition, to remove ringing effect of the propose antenna which causes serious degradation of the system performance, resistors are loaded at the edge of the antenna and then Tx and Rx UWB antennas are optimized by simulation in time domain. For images of targets buried under the ground migration technique is applied and influence of tough ground surface on distortion of received impulse signals is reduced using technique of noise and signal distortion reduction in time domain and its time resolution is enhanced. To verify the design optimization procedure, a prototype of an GPIR and an artificial test field are made. Measurement results show that the resolution of the system designed is as good as that of a theoretical model.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.21
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• pp.9319-9325
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• 2014

Alkaloids are the most extensively featured compounds of natural anti-tumor herbs, which have attracted much attention in pharmaceutical research. In our previous studies, a mixture of major three alkaloid components (5, 6-dihydrobicolorine, 7-deoxy-trans-dihydronarciclasine, littoraline) from Hymenocallis littoralis were extracted, analyzed and designated as AHL. In this paper, AHL extracts were added to human liver hepatocellular cells HepG-2, human gastric cancer cell SGC-7901, human breast adenocarcinoma cell MCF-7 and human umbilical vein endothelial cell EVC-304, to screen one or more AHL-sensitive tumor cell. Among these cells, HepG-2 was the most sensitive to AHL treatment, a very low dose ($0.8{\mu}g/ml$) significantly inhibiting proliferation. The non-tumor cell EVC-304, however, was not apparently affected. Effect of AHL on HepG-2 cells was then explored. We found that the AHL could cause HepG-2 cycle arrest at G2/M checkpoint, induce apoptosis, and interrupt polymerization of microtubules. In addition, expression of two cell cycle-regulated proteins, CyclinB1 and CDK1, was up-regulated upon AHL treatment. Up-regulation of the Fas, Fas ligand, Caspase-8 and Caspase-3 was observed as well, which might imply roles for the Fas/FsaL signaling pathway in the AHL-induced apoptosis of HepG-2 cells.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2016

The purpose of this review was to introduce and examine 'development' and 'relations' as the core concepts of Home Economics in 2015 revised middle school curriculum in Korea. The 2009 and 2015 proclamation of the ministry of education on home economics curriculum and 26 published middle school textbooks were reviewed. The major findings were as follows. First, the components of human 'development' and family 'relations' were strongly associated with promoting four key competencies (i.e. the self-management competency, the communication competency, the aesthetic sensibility competency, the community competency) of 2015 revision. Also, four of cross-curricular learning topics (i.e. character education, multicultural education, safety and health education, human right education) in 2015 revision could be effectively discussed with human 'development' and family 'relations'. Second, when teaching and learning of the core concept, human 'development', continuous dynamic aspects of life-span development, the connectedness of different domains of development, systematic approach of various concepts in development, specificity and empirical evidence of information and variability of developmental patterns in adolescence should be considered. Third, when teaching and learning of the core concept, family 'relations', family trait such as generational relations, gender relations, role relations and power relations should be taken into account. In addition, exclusively focusing on normal family ideology or image of middle-class family and lecture-centered instruction methods should be changed for students to achieve the competencies relevant to family relations. The future directions for applying core concepts, 'development' and 'relations' in classroom will be discussed.

• Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.79-110
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• 2001

Tourist Destination is based on tourism attractions. Components of Tourism attraction are included tourism resources, entertainment facilities, transportation, accommodation, infrastructure, assistance facilities & service, hospitality, information facilities & service, and retailing & service. Tourism resources of them is the key to determine destination development pattern, because tourism attraction that attract tourists is based on tourism resources. Therefore, there are need to study what is tourism attraction of destination at the view of tourists and what is destination development pattern based on it to develop tourism attraction that is able appeal tourists. The purpose of this study is to examine what effect of tourism attraction affects destination development pattern. This study defined Haeundae, Kwanganri, Songjung, Taejongdae in Pusan, Korea as research areas. Research data were collected from 300 respondents by a simple random sampling method. A final 284 usable questionaries were used for empirical analysis after data purification process. Reliability and validity of the scale on the tourism attraction, destination image, and facility needs have been evaluated using Cronbach $\alpha$, item-total correlations. This study analyzed the factors of the tourism attraction and destination images. The result obtained that tourism attraction is divided relaxation attraction, local activity attraction, culture . nature attraction and touring circuit attraction, and destination image is divided culture . urban attractiveness, touring attractiveness, local . stay attractiveness, convenience of travel and relativeness for destination investigated. ANOVA and regression (stepwise) were used to test hypotheses. Based on the results of hypotheses testing, major findings of the empirical research are as follow : 1. The tourism attraction and destination image are significantly different, but facility needs are not significantly by destinations (e. g. Haeundae, Kwanganri, Songjung, Taejongdae) . 2. Destination development pattern is a(fact by the tourism attraction in partial. In case of Haeundea, relaxation attraction take effect partially spa, history and marine/spa tourism. 3. The destination development pattern is influenced by the destination image in partial. In case of Kwanganri, the natural . activity attractiveness and urban tourism images have been found as influential factors that affect marine tourism. 4. The destination images are influenced the physical attributes in literature review, but the destination image are taken effect partially the tourism attraction in this study. 5. Destination development pattern are influenced by the tourism attraction and the destination image partially. This research has provided a variety of practical suggestions. Especially, it was suggested that the destination have appeal to tourists by strengthening attraction and improving weakness. Also, we need to specialize destination in same destination development pattern.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.441-452
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• 2017

The goal of this study is to explore categories and components of science literacy and investigate the trend in the importance of each category of science literacy required for Koreans living in a future society in 2050 through survey analyses with the public. This study, as a preliminarily research, is a part of a larger project called 'developing science for all Koreans,' which investigates science literacy for all Koreans. According the survey result, the definition of science literacy should include scientific thinking and working methods, application of science, etc. in addition to existing science knowledge. We also suggested science literacy including knowledge and competencies, as well as organization of science subjects in 2050 future school education, and analyzed trends in the importance of science literacy domains. Based on the results, we suggested the scientific method, science knowledge, and science application as domains of science literacy. Discussed in the conclusion are implications and directions for developing 'science for all Koreans' living in a future society in 2050.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.6 no.4 s.26
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• pp.101-112
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• 2005

Recently, a curtain wall construction is a exterior finishing components which is most used for shortening time in high-rise building as well as the class of key management factors in cost and schedule control. Also, it is recognized that an effective management for curtain wall process is a major subject to accomplish the project successfully. However, as the current management for curtain wall construction is focused on the construction stage, it makes problems such as errors in business performance, rework by mistakes and duplications, errors and omissions by ineffective information management and there has never been any efficient management from a view of the entire Curtain Wall Life-cycle process. Therefore, the aim of this study is to suggest a stage check point for process improvement in the curtain wall Life-cycle process through current curtain wall process analysis, and then to investigate the cause of waste factors using the Muda method from the Toyota Production System and extract the weighted effects of the waste factors using the analytical hierarchy process method. According to the result, Most of the inefficient factors happened in architectural design stage of the entire curtain wall Life-cycle process and my research identified that detail factors of them are a delay of decision making and an approval in changes, a deficit of engineering capacity and a delay of approval in architectural design drawings by owner, etc.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.451-465
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the challenges of pre-service teachers for good science teaching with focus on the process of imparting meaning of teaching subject. We have detailed research questions such as, 'What the pre-service teachers thought about teaching subject? How they grasped the meaning of the teaching subject? and What kinds of methods they have used to expose the meaning in their classes?'. We had four pre-service teachers who took the class 'Teaching methods in physics teaching' as voluntary participants in the first semester of 2017. The results show that there are common features in the process of imparting meaning of the teaching subject. The participants started to think about fundamental/existential answer to the question, 'Why should we teach science to students?'. In addition, they grasped the meaning of the teaching subject by using the specific key words. And they tried to link the teaching components with the teaching subject as the center. This challenging process led pre-service teachers to form teachers' identity and to enhance teacher professionalism.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1200-1208
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• 2009

Tight junctions (TJs) that act as paracellular permeability barriers play an essential role in regulating the diffusion of fluid, electrolytes and macromolecules through the paracellular pathway. In this study, we investigated the correlation between the tightening of TJs, permeability and the invasive activity of genistein - a bioactive isoflavone of soybeans - in human breast carcinoma MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The inhibitory effects of genistein on cell proliferation, motility and invasiveness were found to be associated with the increased tightness of the TJs, which was demonstrated by an increase in transepithelial electrical resistance and a decrease in paracellular permeability. Additionally, the immunoblotting results indicated that genistein repressed the levels of the proteins that comprise the major components of TJ, claudin-3 and claudin-4, which play a key role in the control and selectivity of paracellular transport. Furthermore, genistein decreased the metastasis-related gene expressions of insulin like growth factor-1 receptor and snail, while concurrently increasing that of thrombospondin-1 and E-cadherin. In addition, we demonstrated that claudins play an important role in the anti-motility and invasiveness of genistein using claudin-3 small interfering RNA. Taken together, our results indicate a possible role for genistein as an inhibitor of cancer cell invasion through the tightening of TJs, which may counteract the up-regulation of claudins. In addition, our results indicate that this may be beneficial for the inhibition of tumor metastasis.