• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.111-118
• /
• 1981

The purpose of this study was observing the keratinization of human oral mucosa on smoking & non-smoking persons. The results are as follows : 1. In the oral mucosa of the smoker, it reaveald the increase of keratinization than the non-smoker. 2. The keratinization of the oral mucosa revealed the increase in proportion to the duration of smoking. 3. The keratinization of the oral mucosa increase in proportion to the amounts of smoking. 4. Between the male and the female in smoking, it didn't show the sensible difference in the keratinization of the oral mucosa. 5. Between smoking and non-smoking, there was not a sensible difference in the change of nucleus and cytoplasm of the oral mucosa.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.80 no.2
• /
• pp.179-186
• /
• 2017

Background: Although the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was revised in 2015, its clinical implications for lung SCC subsets remain unclear. We investigated whether the morphologic characteristics of lung SCC, including keratinization, were associated with clinical parameters and clinical outcome of patients. Methods: A total of 81 patients who underwent curative surgical resection of diagnosed lung SCC, were enrolled in this study. Attributes such as keratinization, tumor budding, single cell invasion, and nuclear size within the tumor, as well as immunohistochemistry of Bcl-xL and pS6 expressions, were evaluated. Results: The keratinizing and nonkeratinizing subtypes did not differ with respect to age, sex, TNM stage, and morphologic parameters such as nuclear diameter, tumor budding, and single cell invasion at the tumor edge. Most patients with the keratinizing subtype (98.0%) had a history of smoking, whereas the nonkeratinizing group had a relatively higher proportion of never-smokers relative to the keratinizing group (24.0% vs. 2.0%; p=0.008, chi-square test). Expression of pS6 (a surrogate marker of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 [mTORC1] signaling that regulates keratinocyte differentiation), and Bcl-xL (a key anti-apoptotic molecule that may inhibit keratinization), did not correlate significantly with the presence of keratinization. Patients with the keratinizing subtype had a significantly shorter overall survival (85.2 months vs. 135.7 months, p=0.010, log-rank test), and a multivariate analysis showed that keratinization was an independent, poor prognostic factor (hazard ratio, 2.389; 95% confidence interval, 1.090-5.233; p=0.030). Conclusion: In lung SCC, keratinization is associated with a poor prognosis, and might be associated with smoking.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.449-459
• /
• 1995

To investigate the relationship between recurrent aphthous ulcer and oral mucosal keratinization, exfoliative cytology in buccal mucosa, lip mucosa, tongue mucosa were performed on 25 recurrent aphthous ulcer patients and 25 controls whose age ranged from 10 to 65. Keratinization cell ratio was then measured. The results were as follows : 1. Yellow cell ratio in the control group was more than that in the patient group in buccal mucosa, lip mucosa, tongue mucosa. Red cell ratio in the control group was more than that in the patient group in lip mucosa. Blue cell ratio in the patient group was more than that in control group in all regions( p(0.01) 2. In the comparison by sex, the patient group showed no significant difference in all site but, the control group showed different results according to the site; males were more than females in yellow cell, but less than females in red cell Females were more than males in yellow cell, but less than males in red cell. 3. In the comparison by age, patient group showed no significant difference in all site, but the control group showed significantly high yellow cell ratio in buccal and tongue mucosa over the age of 50. In conclusion, there was close relationship between recurrent aphthous ulcer and decreased oral mucosal keratinization. In other words, reduced oral mucosal keratinization must be recommended for prevention of recurrent aphthous ulcer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
• /
• v.2 no.2 s.2
• /
• pp.101-106
• /
• 2004

Allergic contact dermatitis is a common skin disease resulting from specific immunologic sensitization to topically applied various allergen. The Purpose of this study was to investigate skin morphologic cahnges by light microscopic and scanning electron Microscope, changes of protein band by SDS-PAGE(SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) in the skin effectiveness for beruty improvement of Geranium essential oil on skin troubles by surfactant. The results of the study are as follows, 1. From the observed result of FE-Scanning Electron Microscope, groups treated by Geranium essential oil in group treated Geranium essential oil during 1 week in surfactant treated group during 1 week, the group was repaired in irregularity surface of tissue by alleviate-keratinization of Geranium essential oil. 2. As a result of protein analysis the group treated on surfactant was rised protein upper range of 97,0004a11on by hyper-keratinization and group treated during 1 week by surfactant was decreased protein below range of 43,000dalton.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.79-93
• /
• 1996

The differentiation of nail matrix and fine structure of matrix cells were studied with light and electron microscope using specimens from nails of thumb finger in Korean fetuses 14 to 24 weeks old. Fetal nail matrix consisted of two horizontal layers, thicker ventral and thinner dorsal matrices, originating from invagination of epidermis in proximal nail field. Matrix being generally thicker in its distal region than the apex became gradually thickened with increase of the fetal age. Each matrix consisted of single layer of basal cells and multiple layers of squamous cells which are arranged close to and parallel to the central axis of the nail mairix. The process of keratinization of fetal nail matrix was noted to be occured concurrently in the ventral and dorsal matrices along the central axis of matrix toward distal and dorsal direction. Squamous cells became matured with accumulation of tonofilaments, increase of keratohyalin granules, discharge of membrane coating granules, and narrowing of intercellular spaces, thickening of plasma membrane and finally being transformed into horny cells of nail plate. Horny cells of nail plate filled with fibrous elements in the electron dense amorphous substance. These findings of keratinization process of fetal nail matrix appeared to be similar to those of keratinization in epidermis and inner root sheath of the hair. In the nail matrix, however, corresponding region to the keratogenous zone of growing hair follicle was not observed. Vacuolated squamous cells of nail matrix seen on light microscopy was considered to be artefactual product, but squamous cells with condensed small nuclei rarely found adjacent nail plate was considered to be one of the squamous cells with unknown function. Proximal end of nail plate was observed on dorsal surface of nail field distal to the proximal nail fold at 14 and 16 weeks old human embryos. Proximal prolongation of the proximal end of nail plate was occured with advancing fetal age and afterward 21 weeks nail plate invaded into nail matrix. Melanin granule containing cells and Merkel cells were present only on the basal layer of dorsal nail matirx.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.161-171
• /
• 2001

In order to determine how oral mucosal change relates to inducing factors of burning mouth syndrome, the difference in pain perception scale and keratinization rate between burning mouth syndrome patients and normal subjects were investigated. Twenty patients (13 female, 7 male, mean age: 59 years), presenting in the Department of Oral Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital were participated in this study. All subjects had been complaining of constant oral burning pain for more than a year, none took any strong analgesics, and none had oral mucosal lesions. Twenty volunteers (11 females, 9 males, mean age: 25 years) were also participated in this study as a control group. The control subjects had never had any symptoms of oral burning pain. A thermal stimulation using a Nd-YAG laser and cytological smear were carried out to anterodorsal part of tongue, tip of tongue, the left buccal mucosa, the lower lip mucosa and the chief complaint site. Stimulation of the dorsum of left hand was also carried out to contrast the mucosal area of burning mouth syndrome subjects and the control subjects. The laser output power could be adjusted from 0.75W to 4W. The pain perception scale of the burning mouth syndrome subjects were lower than in control subjects in the chief complaint area, the anterodorsal part of tongue and the buccal mucosa(p<0.01). The keratinization rate of burning mouth syndrome subjects, however, was higher keratinization rate than in normal subjects in the same area and lower lip mucosa(p<0.001). From above results, the anterodorsal part of tongue is the most appropriate site to use diagnostic laser stimulation. The higher level of keratinization and the lower level of thermal pain perception of the burning mouth syndrome subjects are explained as a protective mechanism against xerostomia and burning sensations. The application of Nd-YAG laser stimuli and cytological smear to oral mucosal surface could therefore be usefully employed as appropriate and standardized diagnostic tools for chronic orofacial pain subjects.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.83-90
• /
• 1981

This study was undertaken to study the changes of epithelium of oral mucosa caused by diabetic disease in terms of keratinization and morphology of epithelial cells of oral mucasa, and to diagnose the oral diseases caused by systemic origns in terms of oral exfoliative cytology as a diagnostic tool. The author has studied the changes of epithelial cells on the cheek mucosa and upper antirior gingiva of 20 adult diabetic patients by Oral Exfoliative Cytology. And 50 healthy adults were selected as control group. The cytologic smears were stained by Papanicolaou method. The results were as follows : 1. In diabetic patient's cheek mucosa, Yellow staining cells were reveald as 11.8%, which was higher than the control group(4.2%). 2. In diabetic patients' upper anterior gingiva, Yellow staining cells were reaveale as 12.4%, which was lower than the control group(68.2%) 3. The changes of nucleus and cytoplasmic changes were not significantly different in diabetic patients and control group.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
• /
• v.22 no.5 s.180
• /
• pp.417-422
• /
• 1984

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.43.1-43.1
• /
• 1980

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.96-116
• /
• 1991

The authors studied the morphological distinctions of each of the epidermal layers and the time of appearance of the keratohyalin granules and tonofilaments by the processing of development. The skins were obtained from fetal rats at the age of 14th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th day of gestation, of 1st and 3rd day of neonatal life and of 4th week after birth. The specimens were staind with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. The results obtained were as follows. 1. On the 16th-gestation day, the intermediate layer which contained numerous ${\alpha}-and\;{\beta}$-glycogen particles was appeared, and hemidesmosomes and desmosome were observed as well. 2. Tonofilaments were first observed on the 17th gestation day. 3. Above-mentioned intermediate layer was differentiated into the granular layer and the spinous layer on the 18th-gestation day. Keratohyaline granules were appeared in association with the ribosomes and the tonofilaments and the compound granules were lipoid granules which were surrounded by ribosomes at the periphery. 4. Ultimately, keratinization began to take place from the 20th-gestation day. At the age of 4th week, the thickeness of epidermis and the amount of keratohyaline granule and tonofibrils were decreased. It is consequently suggested that in the differentiation process of the rat epidermis, keratinization begins after formation of hemidesmosomes and desmosomes, from which the tonofilaments are formed and after keratohyaline granules are formed. Therefore appearance of the keratohyaline granules and formation of the tonofilament appears to have a close relations with the keratinization process of the rat epidermis.