• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1002-1006
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• 2007

Twenty four broilers (Ross) and 24 ducklings (Cherry berry) aged 45days were stunned and killed by conventional neck cut to evaluate the meat characteristics and fatty acid composition of breast meat. Breast meats were removed from each carcass at different post-mortem times. After complete processing, the breast meats were then placed in a polythene bag and kept in a cold storage room at $4^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. The pH of meat samples at different post-mortem times, and meat characteristics and fatty composition at different storage times were evaluated. No significant differences were found in pH at different post-mortem times except at 30 min postmortem, where duck breast showed significantly lower pH than chicken breast. As expected, duck breast meat had significantly higher redness (a*), but lower lightness (L*) value compared to chicken breast. During whole storage time, the a* value remained constant in duck breast. Cooking loss (%) was higher in duck breast compared to chicken breast during the whole storage time. Shear force decreased with increasing storage time in both chicken and duck breast meat, moreover, it decreased rapidly in duck breast compared to chicken breast. The TBARS values increased with increasing storage time in both duck breast and chicken breast meat and was significantly higher in duck breast. The fatty acids (%) C14:0, C16:0, C16:1, C18:2 and C18:3 were significantly higher while C18:0 was significantly lower in duck breast compared to chicken. SFA was increased, while USFA and MUSFA decreased only in duck breast during the 7 day storage time.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.265-272
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• 2008

Among calves' diseases, digestive diseases most frequently occur in Korea, and especially viral diarrhea is one of the most important diseases. This study was conducted to get some basic information for the control of the viral diarrhea in calves. The samples were obtained from 319 calves with clinical diarrhea from 195 farms in Gyeongnam south area (Gosung, Tongyung, Hadong) from June 2005 to August 2006, Viral detection was examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Etiological viruses were detected from 171(53,6%) of 319 calves, and bovine rotavirus (BRV) were 130 (40,8%) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) 41 (12,9%), and no coronavirus was confirmed, Statistical difference was found in BRV detection between summer (32.6%) and winter (57.7%). However there was no seasonal difference in BVDV. In detection rate of the calves under 19days, BRV was highest (55.1%), but BVDV lowest (5.1%). No big difference was in rate among herd size. However, BRV was lowest (26.8%) in the group over 51 heads, but BVDV was highest (19.5%) in the same.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.305-313
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• 2008

The present study was conducted to investigate the epidemiological characteristics such as isolation rate and antimicrobial drug susceptibility of etiological agents. The specimens (stool or intestine) were collected from 319 calves with clinical diarrhea from 195 farms in Gyeongnam south area (Gosung, Tongyung, Hadong) from June 2005 to August 2006. The isolation rate of Salmonella spp was higher in summer (8.4%) than in winter (4.8%) and the average was 7.2% (23/319 head). Some of Salmonella spp isolated were resistant to penicillin, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, and cephalexin (>90%), but some of them were susceptible to norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and amikacin(>30%). There was no statistical difference in the isolation rate of Eimeria spp between summer(48.9%) and winter(42.3%). For the evaluation of infection level of Eimeria spp oocyst per gram of feces (OPG) was examined, and severe, moderate and light infection level were 11.9%, 12.5% and 22.3%, respectively. In the isolation rates of Eimeria spp the calves under 19 days was lowerthan those over 60 days, but there was not different among herd size.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2013

For regulating generator speed above the rated wind, versatile methods have been published based on PID. However, these methods with the fixed PID gains could not guarantee that the controller works well in the whole area. In this paper, variable PID gain method has been suggested to overcome this problem. The sensitivity of power to blade pitch angle changes according to wind speed. The variable PID gain function has been derived from this sensitivity.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.189-195
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• 2006

Objectives : It has been reported previously that the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis (known as Huang-Gum in Korean, henceforth referred to as S. baicalensis) could prevent neuronal cell death after global cerebral ischemia. In Genuine Korean medicine, S. baicalensis is known to relieve fever in upper body, and it was thus thought to be able to alleviate deteriorations in brain function. Methods : The protective effects of S. baicalensis against post-stroke memory retardation using 4-vessel occlusion model were examined in the present study. Results : S. baicalensis was shown to significantly alleviate the deficits in learning and memory by increasing the fraction of time spent in the quadrant in which the platform was initially placed ($34.9\;{\pm}\;3.2%$, p < 0.05) compared to that of the ischemia group ($28.0\;{\pm}\;2.5%$). The cytoprotective effect of S. baicalensis on CA1 hippocampal neurons was evaluated by measuring the neuronal cell density. Neuronal cell density in S. baicalensis extracts-treated ischemia group ($138.0\;{\pm}\;13.6\;cells/mm^2$) was significantly increased compared to saline-treated ischemia group ($22.1 \;{\pm}\;9.3\;cells/mm^2$, p < 0.05). In the study of OX-42 immunohistochemistry, S. baicalensis could decrease the micrgial activation in hippocampus after brain ischemia. Conclusion : These results may provide experimental support for the use of S. baicalensis in treating post-stroke memory impairment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.892-897
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• 2005

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) is a growth factor required for growth and differentiation of mononuclear phagocyte lineage. Total and 16 poly (A) mRNA of bovine M-CSF were isolated from healthy bovine peripheral mononuclear cells stimulated by phobol 12-myristste 13-acetate (TPA). The more compatible cultured mononuclear cells were 5${\times}$10/ml for RNA isolation. TPA-activated mononuclear cells increased the level of M-CSF-mRNA more than concanavalin A (Con A) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The optimal analysis of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for14 Macrophage colonystimulating factor (M-CSF) as a growth factor required for bovine M-CSF was denaturation at 94$^{\circ}C$ for 1 minute, annealing at 57$^{\circ}C$ for 1 minute, extension at 72$^{\circ}C$ for 1 minute for 30 cycles. The size of cDNA of bovine M-CSF by RT-PCR was 774 base pairs. A 774 base pairs cDNA encoding bovine M-CSF was synthesized by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Ligated cDNA was transformed to competent cells and then plasmid isolation and digestion was performed. Molecular cloning and sequencing were performed for cDNA of bovine M-CSF. The size of cloned cDNA of bovine M-CSF was 774base pairs. The homology of base sequence and amino acid sequence was 88% and 86% compared with known human M-CSF, respectively. From a high degree of sequence similarity, the obtained cDNA of bovine M-CSF is thought be a specific gene of bovine M-CSF.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.423-429
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• 2005

Properties of pant surimi derived from porcine longissimus muscle were investigated Rapid glycolysis of muscle reduced yield $\%$ of water-washed pork and moisture $\%$ of pent surimi because of ie lower ultimate pH. Gel Hardness was significantly (p<0.05) higher in pork surimi from rapid glycolysis muscle, but springiness was higher (p<0.05) in pork surimi from normal glycolysis muscle. SDS-PAGE pattern showed denaturation of sarcoplasmic proteins onto myofibrillar proteins in rapid glycolysis muscle, resulted in dark color and hard texture of pork surimi. Color and texture of gels were related with water-holding capacity of muscle proteins and moisture $\%$ in gel matrix. Results imply that glycolysis rate of porcine muscle at postmortem could affect gel properties of pork surimi, and muscle with rapid glycolysis muscle could produce a hard texture of pork surimi and dark color.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.1165-1170
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• 2003

A total of 250 laying hens were fed a diet containing 0, 1, 2.5 or 5% conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), and 5% Safflower seed oil (SSO) for 5 weeks, and eggs were collected by week to analyse lipid characteristics of egg yolk. Egg yolk from CLA-fed groups showed significant increase in CLA content with increased CLA in the diet. Dietary CLA also increased the ratio of saturated fatty acids and decreased unsaturated fatty acids in the egg yolk. The proportion of myristic, palmitic, stearic and CLA were increased, while those of oleic, linoleic, linolenic and arachidonic acid were decreased. The cholesterol content in egg yolk was significantly decreased by dietary CLA for 5 weeks feeding. After 7 days of feeding, 5% CLA-fed group showed the lowest cholesterol content in egg yolk. CLAfed groups showed significantly lower 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) values compared to control and SSO-fed group after 14 days of storage. No significant differences in TBARS values among CLA-fed groups were observed at the 28 days of storage. Results suggested that lipid oxidation of egg yolk during cold storage could be inhibited by dietary CLA due not only to changes in fatty acid composition but also to the high concentration of CLA in egg yolk.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.235-244
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• 2002

This study was carried out to determine the blood and milk progesterone by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) in cows. MUN and protein concentration were determined using automated infared procedures. The optimum conditions of ELISA system was investigated including the first and second antibody titres, bound percent, and enzyme conjugate and also the factors on MUN and protein concentration by sampling procedures and addition of preservatives. Progesterone antibodies did not react to pregnenlone, testosterone, estrone, estradiol-l7$\beta$, aldosterone, cortisol, corticosterone and 11$\alpha$-dehydroxycortisone (DOC), but reacted with only progesterone. The intra and inter-assay coefficient of variation 4.5%, 6.1~9.4% when used of bovine serum. The morning, MUN concentration (17.6$\pm$2.8 mg/100 ml) in the 13 herds was similar to that of evening MUN concentration of the lactating cows from the same herd. A significant relationship between morning and evening milk samples of upper parameters was found r=0.93. Difference in MUN concentration with sampling procedures and using of preservatives were investigated.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2003

Progesterone levels in the blood plasma or skim milk of cows are considered to be very useful indicator fur the detection of estrus cycle and early pregnancy diagnosis. During 13 to 14 days after estrus the level of progesterone in plasma or skim milk were not different between the inseminated arid non-inseminated cows. In the pregnant cows the peak level of progesterone reached on 14th day after artificial insemination (AI), but in the absence of conceptus the level declines after the 14th day slowly, and then very rapidly towards the basal level after the 17th day. This low level persists about 4 days, including those of estrus and ovulation a highly characteristic pattern which differs so markedly from that in the pregnant cows. Progesterone levels in blood plasma or skim milk can provided a reliable diagnosis of early pregnancy and monitoring ovarian activity in cows. The mean $\pm$ standard deviation of milk urea nitrogen(MUN) and protein concentration in the cows at 9 herds were 17.7$\pm$2.35 mg/dL and 3.2$\pm$0.17%, respectively. The days of nonpregnant after parturition was shorter in the cows in which the lower level of MUN than higher level of MUN concentration.