• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1399-1404
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• 2010

We have created a Bovine Genome Database, an integrated genomic resource for Bos taurus, by merging bovine data from various databases and our own data. We produced 55,213 Korean cattle (Hanwoo) ESTs from cDNA libraries from three tissues. We concentrated on genomic information based on Hanwoo transcripts and provided user-friendly search interfaces within the Bovine Genome Database. The genome browser supported alignment results for the various types of data: Hanwoo EST, consensus sequence, human gene, and predicted bovine genes. The database also provides transcript data information, gene annotation, genomic location, sequence and tissue distribution. Users can also explore bovine disease genes based on comparative mapping of homologous genes and can conduct searches centered on genes within user-selected quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions. The Bovine Genome Database can be accessed at http://bgd.nabc.go.kr.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.253-268
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• 2011

In this paper, we estimate systematic risk from credit migration (or transition) matrices under "Asymptotic Single Risk Factor" model. We analyzed transition matrices issued by KR(Korea Ratings) and concluded that systematic risk implied on credit migration somewhat coincide with the real economic cycle. Especially, we found that systematic risk implied on credit migration is better than that implied on the default rate. We also emphasize how to conduct a stress test using systematic risk extracted from transition migration. We argue that the proposed method in this paper is better than the usual method that is only considered for the conditional probability of default(PD). We found that the expected loss critically increased when we explicitly consider the change of credit quality in a given portfolio, compared to the method considering only PD.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.195-213
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• 2006

Follow-up surveys with 700 smoking male adults and 300 nonsmoking male adults were performed before 20-days and after one month, three months and six months since government's price increase enforcement. 572 smokers among 700 and 198 non-smokers among 300 were remained and followed up till the end of the surveys. The cessation rate of smokers are 6.6%(after one month), 10.3%(after three months) and 11.0%(after six months). Smoking cessation ratio of new smoking quilters who considered that price increase as a motive of their giving-up smoking are 76.3%, 81.3% and 65.1%. The smokers estimates of short-run price elasticities from follow-up surveys are -0.6853, -0.6230 and -0.5482 at each survey period. Including non-smokers, estimates of short-run price elasticities from follow-up surveys are -0.3920, -0.3739 and -0.3481 at each survey period. The effect of demand decrease caused by KR\500 price increase stayed with little difference for six months because price elasticities between each survey period showed no much change. Effectiveness and validity of tobacco control by price increase was confirmed through the survey results. Therefore if the government want to attain long term strategic goal to decrease general smoking rate among male adult smokers by 30%, the strong smoking prohibition policy, just like the price increase of December 2004, should be continuously driven.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.111-124
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• 2008

In the present study, an attempt has been made to assess whether the effect of benzene extract of Ocimum sanctum leaves on the ultrastructural changes in the epithelial cells of the cauda epididymis, its subsequent recovery in the seminiferous epithelium and fertility of male albino rats. Wistar strain male albino rats were orally administered benzene extract of 250 mg/kg body weight of O. sanctum leaves followed by subsequent recovery maintaining suitable controls for 48 days. Results indicate decrease in the weights of testis, epididymis and seminal vesicles. Other accessory organs were not affected. Total count, cell and nuclei diameters of germ cells and Leydig cells were reduced. Cauda epididymis exhibited significant reduction in epithelial height and nuclei diameter of epithelial cells. Cells showed vacuolization with exhibit of signs of degeneration. Ultra study revealed that, in general, the cauda epididymis was affected and in particular, the principal, clear and basal cells were highly disturbed. Further, there was decrease in the size of lipid droplets, mitochondria, Golgi complex, endoplasmic reticulum and accumulation of lysosomal bodies. Fertility performance test showed no implantation in female rats mated with O. sanctum treated rats. Moreover, their recovery after withdrawal of treatment was observed suggesting that the effect of the treatment is transient and reversible. A recovery period resulted in normal spermatogenesis and fertility, suggesting reversible antispermatogenic and antifertility effects of the plant.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.76-84
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• 2008

There are several kinds of battery such as zinc-air battery, lithium battery, manganese dry battery, silver oxide battery, mercury battery, sodium-sulphur battery, lead battery, nickel-hydrogen secondary battery, nickel-cadmium battery, lithium ion battery and alkaline battery, etc. These days it has been widely studied for the recycling technologies of the used battery from view points of economy and efficiency. In this paper, patents on the recycling technologies of the used manganese dry battery were analyzed. The range of search was limited in the open patents of USA (US), European Union (EP), Japan (JP), and Korea (KR) from 1986 to 2006. Patents were collected using key-words searching and filtered by filtering criteria. The trends of the patents were analyzed by the years, countries, companies, and technologies.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.76-85
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• 2012

Fluorescent lamps generally involve mercury within their lamp bulbs. Thus if the lamps are disposed as they are, it might cause environmental pollution. On the other hand, as the life of the lamps depends on the degradation of the discharge performance, the fluorescent substance composing the fluorescent substance coating can be recycled by reusing them as the recycled fluorescent substance. Also, the glass material composing the glass bulbs can be reused. The range of search was limited in the open patents of USA (US), European Union (EU), Japan (JP), Korea (KR) and SCI journals from 1977 to 2011. Patents and journals were collected using key-words searching and filtered by filtering criteria. The trends of the patents and journals was analyzed by the years, countries, companies, and technologies. Recovery method of metals from spent fluorescent lamps is mainly the focus on the recovery of precious metals using acid treatment and, detoxification technology is related with controlling process of mercury using a filter system.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.60-68
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• 2012

Silicon wafer for making semiconductor devices and solar cell is used in the semiconductor and solar industry, respectively. Silicon wafer is produced by cutting with silicon ingot and sludge contains silicon occurs from cutting process. Generation of silicon sludge is increasing on developing all industry sectors which have need of semiconductor device. These days it has been widely studied for the recycling technologies of the silicon sludge from view points of economy and efficiency. In this paper, patents and paper on the recycling technologies of the silicon sludge were analyzed. The range of search was limited in the open patents of USA (US), European Union (EU), Japan (JP), Korea (KR) and SCI journals from 1982 to 2011. Patents and journals were collected using key-words searching and filtered by filtering criteria. The trends of the patents and journals was analyzed by the years, countries, companies, and technologies.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.26-34
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• 2012

Recently, the recovery of resources from waste material of manufacturing electric and electronic equipment has been investigated. It is very important to extract metallic components from electric and electronic manufacturing processes with the view point of recycling of the used resources as well as an environmental protection. In this paper, open/registered patents of US, JP, EP, and KR and SCI journal related to metal recovery technologies from wastes produced in the electric and electronic manufacturing processes between 1975~2011 were reviewed. Patents and papers were collected using key-words searching and filtered by filtering criteria. The trends of the patents and papers were analyzed by the years, countries, companies, and technologies.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.16-25
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• 2012

There are several kinds of batteries such as zinc-air battery, lithium battery, Manganese dry battery, silver oxide battery, sodium-sulphur battery, lead acid battery, metal hydride secondary battery, nickel-cadmium battery, lithium ion battery, alkaline battery, etc. These days it has been widely studied for the recycling technologies of the used battery from view points of economy and efficiency. In this paper, patents and published papers on the recycling technologies of the used battery were analyzed. The range of search was limited in the open patents of USA (US), European Union (EU), Japan (JP), Korea (KR) and SCI journal articles from 1972 to 2011. Patents and journal articles were collected using key-words searching and filtered by filtering criteria. The trends of the patents and journal articles were analyzed by the years, countries, companies, and technologies.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.72-79
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• 2013

There is increasing interest to the development of environmental friendly products related global environment and health issue and it is very important technology for recycling contained hazardous substance that occur due to oxidation during used oils and fats of vegetable and animal to eco-friendly products. In this study, papers and patents for recycling technologies of used fat and vegetable oil as monomers were analyzed. The range of search was limited in the open patents of USA (US), European Union (EP), Japan (JP), Korea (KR) and SCI journals from 1976 to 2012. Patents and journals were collected using key-words searching and filtered by filtering criteria. The trends of the patents and journals were analyzed by the years, countries, companies, and technologies. Such pretreatment purification, polymerization for monomer, and polymer manufacturing technology were ahead of the United States.