• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.406-412
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to analyze average kimchi intake, general characteristics, frequency of daily meal intake, intakes of vegetables and fruits, and nutrient intakes in four serving size groups based on data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010~2012. The results showed an average amount of kimchi intake in subjects of 115.6 g, ranging from 0 g to 605.94 g. For daily meal intake except snacking according to kimchi serving size, all daily meal intakes increased significantly with increasing kimchi serving size (p<0.0001), and tendency of kimchi intake increased with more eating-out. As kimchi serving size increased, total intakes of vegetables and salted vegetables increased significantly (p<0.0001). However, unsalted vegetables intake did not show significant difference. Intake of fruits also increased with increasing kimchi serving size. As the serving size of kimchi increased, intakes of energy, carbohydrates, protein, fat, sodium, and potassium increased significantly (p<0.0001). For intake of sodium, intakes of all groups exceeded 2,000 mg, which is the recommended level for Koreans. Moreover, the fourth serving size group consumed three times (6,546.35 mg) more sodium than the recommended level.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.30-40
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the associations of food security with socio-demographic characteristics, nutrient intakes and mental health status among older Korean adults. Methods: This study was conducted using data from the 2008-2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Subjects were 4,451 adults aged 65~98 years. Food security was measured using a self-reported question on food sufficiency of subjects' household. Based on the answers, study subjects were classified into secure, mildly insecure, moderately insecure, and severely insecure groups. Dietary intake was estimated by 24-hour dietary recall. Nutrient intake was assessed by dietary reference intakes (DRI). As for mental health status, the data on mental stress, depression, and suicide ideation were used. Results: Rate of food insecurity in older adults was 14.3%. Old age, being female, low education, low income level, living alone, and discomfort in daily living were more related to food insecurity. Means of nutrient intakes were significantly different according to food security status. Intakes of calcium, potassium, and vitamin $B_2$ were lower than recommended intakes in all groups. Consumption amounts of soy and soybean products, vegetables, mushrooms, fruits, vegetable oils, meats, eggs, seafood, and dairy products were lower in food insecure groups. Mental stress, depression, and suicide ideation were higher in food insecure groups independent of the gender and income level. Conclusions: These present findings suggested that food security is related to mental health as well as nutrition status in older Korean adults. A national system that include food and psychosocial support programs for the elderly should be considered in order to improve the overall health of older Korean adults.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.83-93
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• 2013

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the gender differences in the relationship between alcohol use behaviors and the risk of metabolic syndrome among Korean adult population. Methods: Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (5th, 2010) was analyzed. Using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, subjects were classified into 4 groups including non-drinking, low-risk drinking, medium-level alcohol problem, and high-level alcohol problem group. Metabolic syndrome and its components were compared among the alcohol behavior groups by gender. Results: The odds ratio vs. non-drinking group for metabolic syndrome was significantly higher in male medium and high-level alcohol problem group. In female, high-level alcohol problem group showed significantly higher odds ratio for metabolic syndrome. Blood pressure and HDL-cholesterol were likely to be higher with the excessive drinking behaviors in both men and woman. Triglyceride level in men was significantly higher in the medium and high-level alcohol problem group than non-drinking group. Although fasting glucose level did not show differences among drinking groups, the odd ratios vs. non-drinking group for the hyperglycemia (${\geq}$ 100mg/dl) were significantly higher in female drinking groups. Conclusions: Problematic alcohol drinking is likely to increase the risk of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.818-827
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to identify food consumption patterns of the elderly and factors affecting them to improve their dietary health. Data from 1,172 elderly subjects (over 65 years old) from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-1) were used in our analysis. Validity and reliability analyses of food consumption frequency allowed the identification of seven factors: fruits, foods for Korean style meal, instant foods, alcohols, carbohydrate-rich snacks, vegetables, and legumes/mixed grains. Food consumption patterns were classified into four groups (according to the food consumption frequency) using cluster analysis. Cluster 4 showed a significantly higher food consumption frequency and Cluster 3 had a relatively high overall food consumption frequency but lower alcohol consumption frequency compared to the other clusters. Cluster 2 was characterized by a generally low food consumption frequency but a significantly higher alcohol consumption frequency. Cluster 1 showed a generally low food consumption frequency; however, the consumption frequency of legumes/mixed grains was higher than Cluster 2. Further analysis showed that the food consumption patterns of the elderly were affected by variables such as gender, age, town, economic status, education level, family type, and frequency of eating out. We conclude that a proper nutritional education program should be conducted to address specific dietary problems for each elderly segment.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.617-623
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of health behavior on oral health of Korean adolescents. Methods: The study subjects were 1,071 adolescents of 13-18 years old from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010-2012. Male students were 54.5% and female students were 45.5%. The study consisted of two groups: 13-15 years old and 16-18 years old groups. Data were analyzed by SAS 9.13 version. Results: Those who ingested alcohol had gingival bleeding in 41.0% and 31.0% in those who did not. Those who did not have regular oral examinations had 38.5% of gingival bleeding while those with regular oral examination had 29.7% of gingival bleeding (p<0.01). Students between 16 to 18 years old without oral care products tended to have more gingival bleeding than those who use auxiliary oral hygiene devices (OR=2.658, 95% CI=1.327-5.324). Conclusions: The oral health management of adolescents is closely related to health behavior. Cessation of alcohol ingestion and smoking is very important to improve the adolescent oral health.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.219-229
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of osteoarthritis and its risk factors among a community dwelling population age 60-74 and 75 and over (young-old vs. old-old) in Korea. Methods: A total of 1,389 of age 60-74 and 397 of age 75 and over from the 2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were selected. The data analysis was performed using the complex sampling function of SPSS version 19.0. Results: The prevalence of osteoarthritis was greater for old-old people (35.50%) compared to young-old people (18.20%). Univariate logistic regression analysis shows that the difference of risk factors for osteoarthritis between young-old and old-old elderly people. The prevalence of osteoarthritis in young-old people was associated with lower education levels; performance of moderate intensity physical activity; higher waist circumference, whereas old-old people was most affected in females; depression and experience. Conclusion: The finding of differences in the prevalence of osteoarthritis and its' risk factors between young-old and old-old people is expected to promote the screening strategy for the aged at risk of osteoarthritis in the Korean community.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.265-279
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• 2015

Purpose: Most research on risky drinking among adults in Korea has focused on problem drinking and high-risk drinking. This paper examines the nature of heavy episodic drinking_(HED) among adults and seeks to identify the risk factors for HED by analyzing differences by gender and age. Method: Participants were 3,886 adults aged 19-64 years from the database of the fifth Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES-V, 2010). Data were analyzed by conducting the Rao_Scott chi-square test, an ANCOVA, and logistic analysis with SAS 9.2. Results: Individuals between 19 and 29 years of age had the highest HED among all age groups. Individuals between 40 and 49 (male adults) and those between 30 and 39 (female adults) showed HED associated with stress, suicidal ideation, smoking, and other health behavior-related variables. Risk factors that affected HED in male adults were age, educational status, and current smoking, while for female adults, the factors were age, educational status, employment, marital status, and current smoking. Conclusions: It is necessary to develop appropriate intervention programs that abate negative emotions and lessen the risk of HED in adults with consideration to gender and age differences.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.27-39
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of osteoarthritis and its affecting factors among a community dwelling population aged 50 and over in Korea. Methods: A total of 2,640 subjects from the 2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were selected. Results: The prevalence of osteoarthritis was found to be 14.3%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis shows that osteoarthritis was more prevalent as people became older; in females; in people who graduated elementary school and had never educated as compared to those who graduated college; people without home ownership as compared to those with home ownership; in people with higher waist circumferences compared to those with normal waist circumference; in people who performed moderate intensity physical activity as compared to those who did not perform those physical activity. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the prevalence of osteoarthritis and its affecting factors, promoting the screening and prevention strategies for the aged 50 and over population in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.282-290
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors among community dwelling aged 65 and over in South Korea. Methods: A total of 1,367 subjects from the 2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were selected. The data analysis was conducted by SPSS WIN 19.0 using descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$-test, and logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was found to be 47.70%. Logistic regression analysis shows that hypertension was more prevalent as people became older; in females; in elderly who were not employed as compared to those employed; elderly with diabetes, and obesity as compared to those without these health conditions; as elderly who performed more moderate intensity exercise. While, education, household income, high risk alcoholic drinking, smoking, stress perception, usual activity, and eating out behavior were not associated with prevalence of hypertension in this study. Conclusion: The finding of prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors is expected to promote the screening or prevention strategy for community dwelling aged 65 and over at risk of hypertension in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.67-77
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components and to examine the related factors in urban and rural community, South Korea. Methods: The data from the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES-V) conducted in 2010 were utilized in this study. The subjects were 5,760 adults 20 years or over. The data were consisted with health survey questionnaire and health examination. $x^2$-test and logistic regression was used for the analysis SAS 9.3 applying sampling weights. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome based on the latest definition proposed the joint scientific meeting was 23.4% and 29.0% respectively in urban and rural community. Rural community showed higher prevalence of abdominal obesity (29.9% vs 38.5%), elevated blood pressure (31.3% vs 38.5%), elevated blood glucose (24.3% vs 28.4%) than urban community. The related factors were age, marital status, high risk drinking, obesity in urban community and age, marital status high risk drinking, severe physical activity, obesity in rural community. Conclusion: This study showed there was difference in prevalence and the related factors of metabolic syndrome and these findings have important implications to prevent and manage metabolic syndrome in public health field.