• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.249-256
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• 2015

Objective : The purposes of this study was to perform a kinematical analysis on age and walkway types in elderly women subjects. Method : Forty subjects participated in the experiment (A1 group - age: $67.30{\pm}1.49yrs$, height: $153.81{\pm}4.47cm$, weight: $61.80{\pm}5.24kg$, A2 group - age: $71.70{\pm}1.10yrs$, height: $152.01{\pm}2.84cm$, weight: $59.69{\pm}7.34kg$, A3 group - age: $76.80{\pm}0.98yrs$, height: $150.16{\pm}6.08cm$, weight: $57.27{\pm}6.42kg$, A4 group - age: $81.80{\pm}0.60yrs$, height: $152.18{\pm}4.77cm$, weight: $55.80{\pm}7.78kg$). The study method adopted was the 3D analysis with six cameras. Ground type were classifed as gait pattern on flat, ascent and descent ramp. For the statistical analysis, the SPSS 21.0 was used to perform Repeated measured Two-way ANOVA. Results : In velocity of CM, there was faster movement on flat ground. When it came to the velocity of right toe, there was no significance in early mid-swing of right foot, but A4 was the slowest in late mid-swing of right foot on flat ground. In joint angle in left foot strike, the left hip joint and knee joint were more flexed in descent ramp, In addition left and right ankle joints were more plantarflexed in descent ramp, and left ankle joint was more plantarflexed in the over 75 yrs age groups. Conclusion : The higher age group were more flexed in lower body joints during descent ramp.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.92-95
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• 2003

A 34-year-old man with ACL total rupture due to slip down injury, had received ACL reconstruction using autogenous hamstrings tendon with cross-pin femoral fixation. Postoperative course was as usual. But postoperative 3 months later, he complained posterolateral knee pain, recurrent effusion and mild instability. He was managed repeatitive aspiration and nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs but was failed to relieve symptoms & signs. In CT scans, perforation of posteromedial femoral cortex of lateral femoral condyle was found. In second look arthroscopy, two pieces of broken femoral cross pin were found in between tibiofemoral Joint which was badly injured cartilage. We considered malposition of pins was the main cause of failure. We propose that femoral tunnel must be made more acute angle and femoral cross-pin guide must be positioned more external rotation 10-20 degree than transepicondylar axis made confirm the cross-pin tunnel position in order to avoid posterior cortex perforation and early failure.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.121-127
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• 2020

The purpose of this paper is to review the validation on the application of low frequency IMU(Inertial Measurement Unit) sensors by replacing high frequency motion analysis systems. Using an infrared-based 3D motion analysis system and IMU sensors (22 Hz) simultaneously, the gait cycle and knee flexion angle were measured. And the accuracy of each gait parameter was compared according to the statistical analysis method. The Bland-Altman plot analysis method was used to verify whether proper accuracy can be obtained when extracting gait parameters with low frequency sensors. As a result of the study, the use of the new gait assessment system was able to identify adequate accuracy in the measurement of cadence and stance phase. In addition, if the number of gait cycles is increased and the results of body anthropometric measurements are reflected in the gait analysis algorithm, is expected to improve accuracy in step length, walking speed, and range of motion measurements. The suggested gait assessment system is expected to make gait analysis more convenient. Furthermore, it will provide patients more accurate assessment and customized rehabilitation program through the quantitative data driven results.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.116-129
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to research on changes of body surface according to golf movements in designs of golf slacks pattern and reflect it to designs of golf slacks pattern to enhance adaptability. For the first stage of this study, length of body surface was analyzed by using 3D body shape. In second stage, analysis of wearing test of golf slacks is performed to extract major pattern design factor of golf slacks and then research patterns were designed. In third stage, 4 differently designed 1st, 2nd slacks were used for analysis of 3D Clothing air volume. The results of this research is as follow. The variation rate of body surface length according to golf swing posture resulted the longest on back swing posture and follow through posture. Waist circumference-omphalion, thigh and ankle circumference increased more than 10% of body surface during golf swing. Front waist circumference-omphalion, right waist to hip length, left waist to hip length and right back center length were decreased more than 10%. As a result of analysis on measurements of 1st slacks pattern design, waist front center getting in values, waist front center going down value, front hip width, and front crotch extension had similar industrial pattern design. Back center line angle, back crotch extension, and knee center point~back waist center point had significant differences. The designs and ease proposed for golf slacks pattern in this study are waist circumference 75.5 cm(1.8 cm, 2.38%), hip circumference 95 cm(2 cm, 2.11%), crotch length(front: -0.8 cm, -1.25%; rear: -1.8 cm, -2.83%), slacks length 96c m, gradient of C.B.L $10^{\circ}$, crotch extension (back 9.2~10.4 cm, front 3.2 cm).

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.73-77
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• 2018

Purpose: The prefrontal lobe, supplementary motor area, cerebellum, and basal ganglia are activated during gait. In addition, gait is controlled by nerves, such as the corticospinal tract (CST) and corticoreticular pathway (CRP). In this study, the presence of an injury to the CST and CRP was identified by diffusion tensor imaging and the characteristics of the gait pattern were investigated according to inferior cerebral artery infarction. Methods: One patient and six control subjects of a similar age participated. A 69-year-old female patient had an injury to the left basal ganglia, insular gyrus, corona radiata, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and postcentral gyrus due to an inferior cerebral artery infarction. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data was acquired 4 weeks after the stroke. The kinematic and spatio-temporal parameters of gait were collected using a three-dimensional gait analysis system. Results: On 4 weeks DTI, the CST and CRP in the affected hemisphere did not show injury to the affected and unaffected hemisphere. Gait analysis showed that the cadence of spatio-temporal parameter was decreased significantly in the patient. The angle of the knee joint was decreased significantly in the affected and unaffected sides compared to the control group. Conclusion: The results of diffusion tensor imaging showed that although the patient was evaluated to be capable of an independent gait, the quality and quantity of gait might be reduced. This study could help better understand the gait ability analysis of stroke patients and the abnormal gait pattern of patients with a brain injury.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.627-636
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• 2009

This study aims to provide a scientific basis for the abstract beauty of dance by analyzing the effects of controlling the breath during the walking motion of Korean dance. The objective of the study is to determine the significance of breathing during Korean dance, as it is externally expressed and technologically segmented, let alone the internal beauty of Korean dance. The results of this study show that the position of the body center and ASIS during the walking motion that uses breath was lower than that of the walking motion that does not use the breath. In addition, in each replacement of the knee joint and ankle joint, a narrow angle, in which bending is used a lot, appeared during the walking motion that uses the breath, but not during the walking gesture that does not use the breath. This occurred during the bending motion. In the first peak point, the vertical ground reaction force during the walking motion that uses the breath was higher than that during the walking motion that does not use the breath.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 2015

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Mulligan's straight leg raise with traction technique and hold-relax technique on flexibility of hamstring in people with shortened hamstring. Methods: Thirty two subjects participated in this study. The subjects were assigned to either the Mulligan's straight leg raise with traction technique group (n=16) or the hold-relax technique group (n=16). 90-90 straight leg raise test was performed for evaluation of hamstring shortening at initial time of study. After intervention, immediate effect (immediately after intervention) and lasted effect (60 min after intervention) were assessed. Results: In the both Mulligan's straight leg raise with traction technique and hold-relax technique groups, significant improvements on flexibility of hamstring was observed in immediately and 60 minute after intervention (p<.05). However, there are no significant difference was observed between groups (p>.05). Conclusion: In the results of this study, both Mulligan's straight leg raise with traction technique and hold-relax technique show immediately and 60 minute after evaluation effectiveness in flexibility of hamstring of people with shortened hamstring. In addition, although the difference is not statistically significant, Mulligan's straight leg raise with traction technique was more increased average extension angle of knee joint at 90-90 straight leg raise test than the hold-relax technique.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.261-269
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical effects of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on osteoarthritis (OA). Thirty New Zealand white rabbits were used as cranial cruciate ligament transection and partial meniscectomy models. The rabbits were divided into five groups (n = 6) according to the intra-articular injection materials: the control group with PBS, the HA group with hyaluronic acid, the CMC group with CMC, the MSC group with MSCs emerged in PBS, and the MSC+CMC group with CMC and MSCs. Knee thickness, extension angle, gross morphology, histopathology and immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate the effects of CMC and MSCs on rabbit OA. On the morphologic and histologic examination, the articular surfaces of the femur and tibia were markedly damaged in control group with higher Mankin score and lower cartilage surface thickness. However, OA related cartilage defects were alleviated by the treatment of MSC and/or CMC. The expressions of apoptotic and inflammatory cytokines were decreased and cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) related collagens I and II were enhanced by the treatment of MSC and/or CMC. In conclusion, this study showed that CMC and MSC treatments have a beneficial effects on OA via the protection of cartilage damage, the stimulation of ECM, and the inhibition of inflammatory and apoptotic reaction.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.25-35
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the shock attenuation mechanisms while varying the loads in a backpack during drop landing. Ten subjects (age: $22.8{\pm}3.6$, height: $173.5{\pm}4.3$, weight: $70.4{\pm}5.2$) performed drop landing under five varying loads (0, 5kg. 10kg. 20kg. 30kg). By employing two cameras (Sony VX2100) the following kinematic variables (phase time, joint rotational angle and velocity of ankle, knee and hip) were calculated by applying 2D motion analysis. Additional data, i.e. max vertical ground force (VGRF) and acceleration, was acquired by using two AMTI Force plates and a Noraxon Inline Accelerometer Sensor. Through analysing the power spectrum density (PSD), drop landing patterns were classified into four groups and each group was discovered to have a different shock attenuation mechanism. The first pattern that appeared at landing was that the right leg absorbed most of the shock attenuation. The second pattern to appear was that subject quickly transferred the load from the right leg to the left leg as quickly as possible. Thus, this illustrated that two shock attenuation mechanisms occurred during drop landing under varying load conditions.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.245-255
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analyzed the coordination of lower limb of elderly women who experienced a fall to present basic information for sports science and to deal with the factors that make elderly women fall more effectively. Twenty elderly women were divided into two groups of 10. The mechanisms of balancing lower limb during walk and differences were compared and analyzed using motion analysis and electromyography. The findings of this study are as follows. The first, walking patterns of these women were unstable as their hip joints did not provide sufficient support because of aging. Second, the left and right knee joints showed different walking patterns. The third, the motions of ankle joints became abnormal with increased age. As for the activation of major lower limb muscles, rectus fermois muscle and biceps fermois muscle contracted more to prevent the bending of knees and moved forward while anterior tibial muscle and inner gastrocnemius muscle were demanded highly during walk and the rate of plantar flexion was reduced.